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The finite difference model and particle flow model were constructed to reproduce the process of coal and gas outburst in front of the tunnel. The reliability of the particle flow model was verified by studying the internal stress, gas pressure, and related parameters of gas and coal two-phase flow. Then the process of coal and gas outburst is described from a microscopic perspective. The results show that the particle flow numerical model of coal and gas outburst is in line with reality and can intuitively and conveniently monitor relevant parameters; The concentrated stress caused by excavation of tunnels can reach 1.2 times the in-situ stress; High stress causes the adhesion between coal particles to break down, which is the main reason for the initiation of coal and gas outbursts; The intermittent breakthrough of gas on the coal particle collection that blocks the release channel has caused pulsating characteristics of coal and gas outbursts.

In deep mining environments, normal fault structures significantly influence coal seam permeability, which plays a crucial role in coal and gas outbursts. Utilizing a true triaxial multifunctional physical simulation system, this study conducted gas seepage and hydraulic fracturing experiments on normal fault-associated coal seams at depths of − 400 m, − 600 m, and − 800 m. The research systematically investigates the gas permeability evolution in hanging wall and footwall coal seams of normal faults and proposes enhanced control measures tailored to the Guodishan normal fault. The results showed: Permeability exhibited a negative exponential relationship with confining pressure. As confining pressure increases, the permeability disparity between the hanging wall and footwall diminishes. Under true triaxial conditions, the permeability of the coal in the hanging wall of the normal fault is generally lower than that in the footwall. This difference gradually increases with burial depth, with the permeability ratio between the two sides increasing from 2.96 to 10.2 times. Moreover, the permeability reduction in the hanging wall coal is greater than that in the footwall coal. The crack initiation pressure for fracturing is higher in the hanging wall. Post-fracturing, permeability increases significantly in both walls, with the footwall demonstrating superior enhancement. However, the permeability amplification factor decreases progressively with depth. Building on the evolutionary characteristics of the Guodishan normal fault and its permeability patterns, targeted gas control strategies were developed in the Pingdingshan mining area. This work provides theoretical and practical guidance for gas extraction and outburst prevention in fault-affected coal seams.

In response to the frequent occurrence of impact events in isolated coal pillars between the upper (lower) mountain areas of mining areas under conditions without obvious mining disturbance, this study takes multiple isolated coal pillar impact events that occurred in Zhaolou Coal Mine and Gengcun Coal Mine as examples. It conducts a mechanism study on the creep-induced impact ground pressure of isolated coal pillars considering the time effect. The occurrence of such impact ground pressure accidents often exhibits significant “lag” and “spontaneity”. Due to the unclear mechanism of occurrence and the difficulty in grasping the unloading timing, this type of impact ground pressure has become a typical hidden disaster, posing a serious threat to the deep mining of coal mines. Based on the analysis of the creep mechanical properties of coal and rock mass, the uniaxial compression acoustic emission creep test of coal body, and the FLAC3D numerical simulation, a creep instability impact mechanical model of coal and rock mass is established. This model reveals the mechanism of creep instability impact and the stress evolution law of coal and rock mass during creep. The mechanical and energy criteria for the occurrence of impact ground pressure in isolated coal pillars under the action of unstable creep are proposed. The study shows that the action of high ground stress is a necessary condition for the occurrence of \"lag-type\" impact ground pressure in isolated coal pillars. Long-term unstable creep will weaken the support strength of the entry. When the elastic energy accumulated in the isolated coal pillar exceeds its ultimate bearing capacity, impact instability will occur. Based on the mechanism of occurrence of such impact accidents, targeted deep hole blasting unloading measures are proposed, providing a good reference value for the prevention and control of \"lag-type\" impact ground pressure accidents in isolated coal pillars.

In-situ stresses are significantly important for underground mining geotechnical design and coal seam gas management in underground coal mines. Aiming at regions with geological structures, this paper proposes an in-situ stress inversion method combining Rhino precise modeling and transverse isotropy theory, and tests it near the Guodishan fault. The results show that the application of Rhino precise modeling and transversely isotropic model in in-situ stress inversion shows advantages in improving the accuracy of in-situ stress calculation. In addition, based on the inversion analysis of in-situ stress near the Guodishan fault, we believe that the fault structure has a significant impact on the distribution of in-situ stress. Within the elevation range of − 400 m to − 800 m, the horizontal stress and vertical stress of the footwall are greater than those of the hanging wall. Moreover, the K ratio near the fault is generally less than 1, but the K ratio in the footwall is usually greater than that in the hanging wall, indicating that the tectonic stress has a stronger influence on the footwall. It is worth noting that the stress gradient near the fault is higher, which may lead to higher disaster risk.

Adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) causes structural and functional changes in the heart leading to heart failure. The initial post-MI pro-inflammatory response followed by reparative or anti-inflammatory response is essential for minimizing the myocardial damage, healing, and scar formation. Bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) are recruited to the injured myocardium and are essential for cardiac repair as they can adopt both pro-inflammatory or reparative phenotypes to modulate inflammatory and reparative responses, respectively. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the key mediators of the Hippo signaling pathway and are essential for cardiac regeneration and repair. However, their functions in macrophage polarization and post-MI inflammation, remodeling, and healing are not well established. Here, we demonstrate that expression of YAP and TAZ is increased in macrophages undergoing pro-inflammatory or reparative phenotype changes. Genetic deletion of YAP/TAZ leads to impaired pro-inflammatory and enhanced reparative response. Consistently, YAP activation enhanced pro-inflammatory and impaired reparative response. We show that YAP/TAZ promote pro-inflammatory response by increasing interleukin 6 ( IL6 ) expression and impede reparative response by decreasing Arginase-I ( Arg1 ) expression through interaction with the histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) repressor complex. These changes in macrophages polarization due to YAP/TAZ deletion results in reduced fibrosis, hypertrophy, and increased angiogenesis, leading to improved cardiac function after MI. Also, YAP activation augmented MI-induced cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. In summary, we identify YAP/TAZ as important regulators of macrophage-mediated pro-inflammatory or reparative responses post-MI.

Aiming at the technical problems of frequent dynamic pressure disturbance of regenerated roof and roadway stability control in the process of forming large-section support return channel under the delamination mining, taking 1200-2 fully mechanized caving face of Baiyinhua No. 4 Mine as the engineering background, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were adopted. The overburden structure of the lower stratified caving face and the loading characteristics of the roof after the expansion are analyzed, and the breaking forms and the limiting conditions of the roof are given.The combined support scheme of anchor rod + metal mesh + steel ladder belt + I-beam insertion + suspension beam + anchor cable + single pillar is studied to form a set of safe and efficient construction support technology system. Practice shows that this scheme can effectively reduce the roof subsidence, narrow the scope of plastic failure zone, and ensure the stability of roadway surrounding rock during the support withdrawal period. Successfully complete the efficient withdrawal of hydraulic support. The research results can provide a good reference for the roof management and the smooth output of coal resources under similar conditions.

The difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derived from creatinine and cystatin C (eGFR ) has been noticed recently and the relationship with poor cardiovascular prognosis has been proven. However, primary prevention of the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) is equally important but there is a lack of studies specifically investigating this implication. This prospective cohort study utilized data from the UK Biobank, including 437,536 participants without CAD at baseline. The primary outcome was defined as CAD. The eGFR was calculated by subtracting creatinine-based eGFR from cystatin C-based eGFR. Participants were then categorized into a negative, intermediate range, and positive group based on thresholds of -15 mL/min/1.73 m and 15 mL/min/1.73 m . Cox proportional risk models were used to evaluate the associations of eGFR with CAD and the relationship among different genetic risks of CAD. During a median follow-up of 13.8 years, CAD occurred in 36,797 participants. In the fully adjusted model, compared to midrange eGFR participants with a positive eGFR had a lower risk of CAD (HR 0.717, 95%CI 0.675-0.762), while with a negative eGFR had a higher risk (HR 1.433, 95%CI 1.399-1.468). When eGFR was treated as a continuous variable, a statistically significant trend toward a lower risk of CAD as eGFR increased (HR 0.982, 95% CI 0.981-0.982). Moreover, this relationship is independent of genetic susceptibility. eGFR was associated with CAD risk, where a high eGFR corresponded to a decreased likelihood of CAD onset no matter genetic susceptibility.

In lithium-ion battery management systems (BMSs), accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is essential for the stable operation of BMSs. Furthermore, the accuracy of SOC estimation is significantly influenced by the precision of battery model parameters. To improve the SOC estimation accuracy, this paper focuses on the second-order RC equivalent circuit model, firstly designs a simple and reliable improved adaptive forgetting factor (IAFF) regulation mechanism, and proposes the improved adaptive forgetting factor recursive least squares (IAFFRLS) algorithm, which not only improves the accuracy of parameter identification, but also exhibits excellent performance in anti-interference. Secondly, based on the identified model, a weighted multi-innovation improved Sage–Husa adaptive extended Kalman filter (WMISAEKF) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of filter divergence caused by noise covariance updating. It fully utilizes historical innovations to reasonably allocate innovation weights to achieve accurate SOC estimation. Compared with the VFFRLS algorithm and AFFRLS algorithm, the IAFFRLS algorithm reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) by 29.30% and 19.29%, respectively, and the RMSE under noise interference is decreased by 82.37% and 78.59%, respectively. Based on the identified model for SOC estimation, the WMISAEKF algorithm reduces the RMSE by 77.78%, compared to the EKF algorithm. Furthermore, the WMISAEKF algorithm could still converge under different levels of noise interference and incorrect initial SOC values, which proves that the proposed algorithm has good stability and robustness. Simulation results verify that the parameter identification algorithm proposed in this paper demonstrates higher identification accuracy and anti-interference performance. The proposed SOC estimation algorithm has higher estimation accuracy and good robustness, which provides a new practical support for extending battery life.

Background Stress hyperglycemia was positively associated with poor prognosis in individuals with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, admission glucose and stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) may not be the best indicator of stress hyperglycemia. We performed this study to evaluate the comparative prognostic value of different measures of hyperglycemia (fasting SHR, fasting plasma glucose [FPG], and hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) for in-hospital mortality in AMI patients with or without diabetes. Methods In this prospective, nationwide, multicenter China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) registry, 5,308 AMI patients including 2081 with diabetes and 3227 without diabetes were evaluated. Fasting SHR was calculated using the formula [(first FPG (mmol/l))/(1.59×HbA1c (%)-2.59)]. According to the quartiles of fasting SHR, FPG and HbA1c, diabetic and non-diabetic patients were divided into four groups, respectively. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Results Overall, 225 (4.2%) patients died during hospitalization. Individuals in quartile 4 had a significantly higher rate of in-hospital mortality compared with those in quartile 1 in diabetic cohort (9.7% vs. 2.0%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.070, 95% CI 2.014–8.228) and nondiabetic cohort (8.8% vs. 2.2%; adjusted OR 2.976, 95% CI 1.695–5.224). Fasting SHR was also correlated with higher in-hospital mortality when treated as a continuous variable in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Similar results were observed for FPG either as a continuous variable or a categorical variable. In addition, fasting SHR and FPG, rather than HbA1c, had a moderate predictive value for in-hospital mortality in patients with diabetes (areas under the curve [AUC] for fasting SHR: 0.702; FPG: 0.689) and without diabetes (AUC for fasting SHR: 0.690; FPG: 0.693). The AUC for fasting SHR was not significantly different from that of FPG in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Moreover, adding fasting SHR or FPG to the original model led to a significant improvement in C-statistic regardless of diabetic status. Conclusions This study indicated that, in individuals with AMI, fasting SHR as well as FPG was strongly associated with in-hospital mortality regardless of glucose metabolism status. Fasting SHR and FPG might be considered as a useful marker for risk stratification in this population. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01874691.

The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL17) plays an important role in innate immunity by binding to its receptors (IL17Rs) to activate immune defense signals. To date, information on members of the IL17 family is still very limited in molluscan species. Here, a novel member of the IL17 family was identified and characterized from thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus, and this gene was designated as McIL17-1 by predicting structural domains and phylogenetic analysis. McIL17-1 transcripts existed in all examined tissues with high expression levels in gills, hemocytes and digestive glands. After the stimuli of different pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) for 72 h, transcriptional expression of McIL17-1 was significantly upregulated, except for poly I:C stimulation. Cytoplasm localization of McIL17-1 was shown in HEK293T cells by fluorescence microscopy. Further, in vivo and in vitro assays were performed to evaluate the potential function of McIL17-1 played in immune response. McIL17-1 was either knocked down or overexpressed in vivo through RNA inference (RNAi) and recombinant protein injection, respectively. With the infection of living Vibrio alginolyticus, a high mortality rate was exhibited in the McIL17-1 overexpressed group compared to the control group, while a lower mortality rate was observed in the McIL17-1 knocked down group than control group. In vitro, the flow cytometric analysis showed that the apoptosis rate of McIL17-1 inhibited hemocytes was significantly lower than that of the control group after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. These results collectively suggested that the newly identified IL17 isoform is involved in the inflammatory response to bacterial infection in M. coruscus.