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7 result(s) for "Sotto, Debora"
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Aligning Urban Policy with Climate Action in the Global South: Are Brazilian Cities Considering Climate Emergency in Local Planning Practice?
Climate change is the biggest global threat of our time. As a signatory nation of the Paris Agreement, Brazil has made a climate action commitment, and expressed its nationally determined contribution to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 37%. The Brazilian population is highly urban, and Brazilian cities are mostly responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, and the worst effects of global warming are experienced in cities. Hence, the fulfillment of the Brazilian climate commitments depends on the active engagement of municipalities. Nevertheless, the Brazilian national government does not monitor local climate actions, and it is not clear how local urban policy is aligned with climate action. In order to bridge this gap, this study tackles the question of: “Are, and if yes how, cities considering the climate emergency in their local planning mechanisms?” This question is investigated by placing five major Brazilian cities under the microscope. The methodological approach includes literature review and applied qualitative analysis to scrutinize how climate issues and actions are factored in urban planning regulations to verify if and to what extent local policies contribute to the fulfillment of the Brazilian nationally determined contribution, and sustainable development goals. The results disclose that investigated cities have adequately incorporated climatic issues in their urban planning mechanisms. However, policy concentrates more on adaptation rather than mitigation, and policy implementation yet to be realized.
Sustainable Cities in the Light of ISO 37120 and 37101 Standards: A Systematic Review and the Contribution of a Theoretical Framework
This paper outlines a significant research gap on sustainable cities: the need for more comprehensive and strategic frameworks for managing sustainable cities, particularly those integrating interdisciplinary elements, dimensions, and global trends. The proposed framework delineates sustainable cities’ elements, dimensions, and trends based on ISO 37120, incorporating pillars linked to the triple bottom line and the Sustainable Development Goals 30 (SDGs). This study suggests specific research agendas, emphasizing theoretical and practical implementation within urban contexts. The methodological approach involved both bibliometric and content analysis techniques, using IRA-MUTEQ software 0.8 Alpha 7. This enabled the identification of key analytical categories and leading authors, with categories derived from lexical forms, similarity analysis, correspondence factor analysis (CFA), and descending hierarchical classification (DHC). Notably, the terms ‘ISO’ and ‘37120’ did not emerge as prominent lexical forms in the IRAMUTEQ results, despite their frequent mentions in the analyzed studies.
From Progressive Property to Progressive Cities: Can Socially Sustainable Interpretations of Property Contribute toward Just and Inclusive City-Planning? Global Lessons
This paper explores if and how the idea of progressive property can help to shape more inclusive, sustainable, and just cities around the globe. While quite nuanced, at its heart the progressive perspective on property considers property as a means of addressing important human needs. It is consistent with reciprocal and communitarian approaches to property rights. Nowhere are these insights more relevant or needed than in cities—dense urban areas where legacies of exclusion have deprived disadvantaged groups of housing and public services. In cities and neighboring suburbs, the right to exclude collides head-on with the need to share limited space with those of little means. By re-examining the work of progressive property scholars, we suggest concrete ways of reconceptualizing access to the city. This paper ties legal theory to housing and city-planning by proposing an international perspective to progressive property scholarship, with a focus on local government policies pertaining to housing. We do so by comparatively examining case studies from the United States (US), Spain, Brazil, and Israel—four countries that are actively experimenting with progressive definitions of property in a manner which affects urban planning and housing in cities.
Strategizing Smart, Sustainable, and Knowledge-Based Development of Cities: Insights from Florianópolis, Brazil
Unarguably, smart, sustainable, and knowledge-based development is critical for securing a livable future for our rapidly urbanizing world. The aim of this study is to generate insights into determining effective and efficient strategies to increase sustainability and innovation capabilities of cities to achieve long-term desired urban outcomes. This paper places the city of Florianópolis (Brazil) under the smart, sustainable, and knowledge-based urban development microscope. The methodological approach of the study involves a qualitative analysis through surveys (100 submitted forms, 55 responses received) and interviews (12) with key experts and stakeholders from Florianópolis. The findings of the study reveal that Florianópolis’ innovation ecosystem has high potential to thrive, but the city still has structural issues to deal with first, related to the gap between the potential to grow, and acknowledgement from key actors of the city to support the overall territory development considering the complex dimensions. This issue suggests amplifying the ecosystem’s vision, including different sectors and, especially, addressing innovation for the common good. The insights generated from the investigation of Florianópolis’ case are also invaluable to other cities’ planning for strategizing their transformation, and seeking smart, sustainable, and knowledge-based development pathways.
Urban Smartness and City Performance: Identifying Brazilian Smart Cities through a Novel Approach
While smart city transformation is a remarkably popular topic among urban policymakers across the globe, there is little evidence on how to evaluate a city’s smartness level accurately. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by applying a novel assessment framework to a case study context and generating useful insights. To achieve this aim, the study evaluates the smartness levels of 27 Brazilian state capital cities through the indicators of productivity and innovation, livability and well-being, sustainability and accessibility, governance and planning, and connectivity and innovation. This urban smartness analysis is conducted through a smart city assessment framework that brings up three categories of smart city performance types—i.e., leading, following, and developing. The findings of the analysis revealed that the common characteristics of cities with leading smartness performance are having: (a) a strong innovation ecosystem; (b) Specific legislation for developing entrepreneurship; (c) Training opportunities for skilled labor; and (d) Conditions for knowledge-based development and digital transformation offerings and readiness. The analysis identified the smartest cities in Brazil as follows: Florianópolis, São Paulo, Vitória, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Brasília, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, and Cuiabá. This study offers insights from the application of a novel method in the Brazilian context for the local authorities to consider adopting for smart city performance and progress analyses and subsequently making necessary interventions to transform their smart city policy and practice to realize their desired goals.
Editorial
Segundo o 6º Relatório (AR6) do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC), publicado em 2021, é inequívoco que as emissões de gases com efeito estufa produzidas por atividades humanas são a causa do aquecimento global e, se não forem drasticamente reduzidas nos próximos anos, os eventos climáticos extremos aumentarão em intensidade e frequência a cada incremento adicional da temperatura. Para manter o aquecimento global abaixo do limite máximo de 2ºC, estima-se que os países de todo o mundo devam triplicar as metas de corte de emissões assumidas em suas NDCs - Contribuições Nacionalmente Determinadas, e quintuplicar os esforços para atingir o objetivo de 1,5ºC pactuado pelo Acordo de Paris. Em um planeta cada vez mais urbano, é nas cidades que os efeitos adversos das mudanças do clima são e serão vividos pela maior parte da população. Os eventos climáticos extremos, cada vez mais intensos e mais frequentes, afetarão sobretudo os grupos sociais mais vulneráveis, agravando as iniquidades socioespaciais urbanas. Nesse sentido, o IPCC tem destacado a importância do planejamento urbano para a adaptação e mitigação das mudanças climáticas. As cidades consomem dois terços de toda a energia produzida no planeta e respondem por mais de setenta por cento das emissões de gases com efeito estufa. Assim, têm um papel fundamental a desempenhar tanto na redução de emissões quanto na preparação para o enfrentamento dos efeitos adversos das mudanças do clima e na prevenção de desastres climáticos. No âmbito da mitigação, o planejamento urbano pode contribuir para a  redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa por meio de medidas como: densificação urbana, que promove o uso mais eficiente do solo e dos recursos; fomento ao transporte público e à mobilidade ativa,  que diminui a emissão de poluentes e promove a saúde; transição energética justa, que substitui os combustíveis fósseis por fontes renováveis de energia, com equidade e acessibilidade para todos; e preservação de áreas verdes, que contribuem para o conforto ambiental e o sequestro de carbono. No âmbito da adaptação, o planejamento urbano pode preparar cidades para os impactos climáticos por meio de medidas como: redução da impermeabilização do solo, que reduz o risco de enchentes e inundações; construção de infraestruturas resilientes, como diques e sistemas de alerta precoce, para prevenção de desastres; soluções baseadas na natureza, para proteção da arborização urbana e dos corpos hídricos; preservação das praias, restingas, manguezais e estuários, para prevenção da erosão costeira e controle dos efeitos adversos da elevação do nível do mar. . O planejamento urbano para a adaptação e mitigação das mudanças climáticas certamente enfrenta desafios, como a falta de recursos financeiros e resistência de setores da sociedade. No entanto, não há dúvida de que o planejamento urbano é uma ferramenta essencial para enfrentar a emergência climática. As cidades que investirem em planejamento urbano para a adaptação e mitigação das mudanças climáticas estarão mais bem preparadas para enfrentar os desafios do futuro. Neste contexto, esta edição especial da Revista de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade visa promover o debate sobre como estratégias, técnicas e instrumentos de planejamento territorial e urbano podem dar suporte à estruturação e implementação de ações climáticas em âmbito local, de modo a habilitar as cidades a ampliar sua capacidade adaptativa, construir resiliência e acelerar seus esforços de descarbonização no horizonte temporal de 2050. Assim, nos oito artigos publicados nesta edição especial, pesquisadores, profissionais e gestores públicos compartilharam suas experiências e conhecimentos sobre como o planejamento urbano pode contribuir para a adaptação e mitigação das mudanças climáticas no país. O primeiro estudo apresentado desenvolve o conceito de vulnerabilidade urbana e discorre sobre medidas de adaptação climática urbana para redução de riscos hidrometereológicos. O segundo artigo selecionado apresenta a classificação da vulnerabilidade socioambiental (VSA) do Município de Brusque (SC) aos desastres socioambientais, com enfoque especificamente nos movimentos de massa. O terceiro estudo publicado disponibiliza de maneira sistematizada os resultados das pesquisas sobre as mudanças climáticas entre 2005 e 2022 e o impacto da elevação do nível do mar nas áreas urbanas da orla nordeste e leste de Santa Catarina. O quarto artigo selecionado propõe possíveis medidas de adaptação para amenizar os impactos físicos e econômicos das mudanças do clima sobre a cidade de Salvador com foco no setor de turismo. O quinto artigo publicado discorre sobre as possíveis consequências do crescimento urbano sobre o território rural no contexto das mudanças climáticas. O sexto estudo, por sua vez, discute como a História Ambiental pode contribuir para a análise do clima em âmbito local, com foco no Vale do Itajaí, região sul do Brasil. O sétimo artigo selecionado debruça-se sobre a promoção da mobilidade urbana ativa como estratégia de redução das emissões de gases de efeito de estufa nas cidades, questionando se morar em uma casa cercada por árvores pode estimular a caminhada no contexto brasileiro.  E o último artigo publicado propõe soluções de ventilação natural para promoção do conforto térmico de residências. Espera-se, por fim, que os artigos publicados nesta edição especial possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e práticas de planejamento urbano mais eficazes para enfrentar o desafio das mudanças climáticas no país.
Body composition and metabolic status of Italian and Spanish university students: relationship with fruit and vegetable consumption
Most university students do not follow recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake, with a consequent increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The aim of this study was to compare obesity prevalence and biomarkers of metabolic status between Italian and Spanish university students, in relation with the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Food consumption, adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD), level of physical activity (PA), blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and ketones, blood pressure, and body composition were evaluated. Among CVD risk factors, only glucose was significantly higher in Spaniards (SP), and only 3.1% of SP presented ketosis. SP had a higher percentage of energy from fat. Although adherence to MD and fruit and vegetable consumption did not differ between Italians and SP, students who consumed at least four servings of fruit and vegetables (FV group) showed better values for pressure and metabolic parameters than the no FV group. We observed an association between consumption of fruit and PA. Students who consumed more vegetables than fruit reported a better body composition profile and lower glucose concentrations. As previously suggested, in addition to PA, two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables per day should be recommended.