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Background The effect of women’s autonomy in decision-making for fertility control has been highlighted by research. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of women’s autonomy over decision-making regarding their health and access to family planning in Senegal in 2017. Methods The analyses in this study were carried out using data from the Senegal Demographic and Health Survey in 2017. The sample consisted of 8865 women aged 15–49. The propensity score-matching method was applied. Autonomy in health decision-making was considered the treatment variable. Matching was performed using confounding variables. The outcome variables were the current use of modern contraceptive methods and the existence of unmet needs. The common support condition had been met. The analysis was conducted using STATA.15 software. Results This study showed that 6.26% of women had decision-making autonomy in relation to their health. For 80.33% of the women, their husbands/partners made health-related decisions for them. Decision-making autonomy increased significantly with the age of the woman ( p  < 0.05). In addition, 15.24% of women were using a modern method of contraception. An estimated 26.2% of women had unmet needs. Propensity score matching split the women into two groups based on autonomy over decision-making for their health. After matching, there was no longer a significant difference between women who were autonomous with respect to their decision-making and those who were not autonomous with respect to their current use of a modern contraceptive method. On the other hand, there was a 14.42% reduction ( p  < 0.05) in unmet needs for family planning in the group of women who were autonomous with respect to their health decision-making. Conclusion Autonomy in health decision-making would reduce unmet needs among Senegalese women. These results show the importance of accounting for gender in health interventions for the accessibility of family planning services.

Abstract Background Mali and Senegal have made important efforts to control malaria. After a period of decline, the number of cases has remained stable for several years. Asymptomatic carriage acting as a reservoir could explain malaria persistence despite malaria control. Mass drug administration (MDA) is a candidate intervention that could help to accelerate the decreasing of malaria transmission if favourable epidemiologic context and good adherence are met. We aimed to update asymptomatic reservoir description along a Sahelian ecological gradient and study MDA acceptability. Methods We conducted an open cohort in 8 villages in Mali and Senegal including all household members sampled aged >6 months. We measured P. falciparum infections prevalence by qPCR in 4 surveys: 2 in dry season 2021, 1 in rainy season 2021 and 1 in dry season 2022. We measured prospective acceptability of MDA in cohort aged ≥15 years in Senegal by questionnaire. We explored risk factors associated to asymptomatic infections and acceptability score with multilevel logistic and linear models. Results We included 168 households and 1428 participants in at least 1 survey. In preliminary results, prevalence of P. falciparum infections was 11% in dry season 2021 in Senegal, 20% in central Mali and 60% in Northern Mali. Young adults between 15 to 24 years old were more likely to carry asymptomatic infections in dry season compared to children <5 years old (OR = 5.74 [2.99;11.04]). MDA presented a good acceptability with a mean score of 3.5 (score between -7 and 7). Young adults had lower acceptability compared to older participants (β=−1.07 [-1.82,-0.32]). Conclusions Young adults were important asymptomatic carriers in Senegal and Mali but were less likely to accept to participate in MDA. Key messages • Young adults represent a public health challenge that need to be address to reach malaria elimination. • Specific sensibilization could be implement to improve adherence to malaria control interventions.

Background In Senegal, many interventions have been carried out in the fight against malaria. Thus, the prevalence of malaria has clearly declined from 2010 to the present day. The objective of this study is to study the factors associated with malaria. Methods Senegal is a country in West Africa. The analyses in this study were based on DHS data from 2010 to 2017 from Senegal. Data from 5 DHS surveys were used (2010-2011, 2012-2013, 2014, 2015, 2016). Malaria prevalence had been studied on the basis of RDT positivity. A multivariate analysis with an adjustment over the years was done. The variables studied were socio-demographic characteristics such as age, socioeconomic level and dwelling place (rural vs. urban), variables related to the type of habitat and the use of mosquito nets. The analyses were done using STATA.15. Results The results showed a reduction in malaria prevalence from 3.01% to 0.8% from 2010 to 2016. The protective factors are belonging to a well-off socio-economic background (middle OR:046 [0.24-0.90], richer OR = 0.37 [0.15-0.93]). The other factors associated with malaria are the fact of living in rural area (OR: 1.7 [1.06-2.89]). Conclusions Despite the decline in malaria prevalence over the years in Senegal, its persistence could be feared if factors related to the socio-economic level are not addressed. Key messages Special attention must be paid to people living in rural areas as part of the fight against malaria. The fight against malaria will necessarily involve the fight for the socio-economic emergence of countries in West Africa.

Introduction The coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic is one of the most terrifying disasters of the twenty-first century. The non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to control the spread of the disease had numerous positive consequences. However, there were also unintended consequences—positively or negatively related to the nature of the interventions, the target, the level and duration of implementation. This article describes the unintended economic, Psychosocial and environmental consequences of NPIs in four African countries. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Senegal and Uganda. A comprehensive conceptual framework, supported by a clear theory of change was adopted to encompass both systemic and non-systemic interventions. The data collection approaches included: (i) review of literature; (ii) analysis of secondary data for selected indicators; and (ii) key informant interviews with policy makers, civil society, local leaders, and law enforcement staff. The results were synthesized around thematic areas. Results Over the first six to nine months of the pandemic, NPIs especially lockdowns, travel restrictions, curfews, school closures, and prohibition of mass gathering resulted into both positive and negative unintended consequences cutting across economic, psychological, and environmental platforms. DRC, Nigeria, and Uganda observed reduced crime rates and road traffic accidents, while Uganda also reported reduced air pollution. In addition, hygiene practices have improved through health promotion measures that have been promoted for the response to the pandemic. All countries experienced economic slowdown, job losses heavily impacting women and poor households, increased sexual and gender-based violence, teenage pregnancies, and early marriages, increased poor mental health conditions, increased waste generation with poor disposal, among others. Conclusion Despite achieving pandemic control, the stringent NPIs had several negative and few positive unintended consequences. Governments need to balance the negative and positive consequences of NPIs by anticipating and instituting measures that will support and protect vulnerable groups especially the poor, the elderly, women, and children. Noticeable efforts, including measures to avoid forced into marriage, increasing inequities, economic support to urban poor; those living with disabilities, migrant workers, and refugees, had been conducted to mitigate the negative effects of the NIPs.

The introduction of vaccines marked a game changer in the fight against COVID-19. In sub-Saharan Africa, studies have documented the intention to vaccinate and the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. However, little is documented about how sex differences could have impacted COVID-19 vaccination. We conducted a multi-country cross-sectional study to assess the sex differences in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and intention to vaccinate in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda. This study involved analysis of data from mobile surveys conducted between March and June 2022 among nationally constituted samples of adults in each country. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were run. The self-reported uptake of COVID-19 vaccines was not significantly different between males and females ( p  = 0.47), while the intention to vaccinate was significantly higher among males ( p  = 0.008). Among males, obtaining COVID-19 information from health workers, testing for COVID-19, and having high trust in the Ministry of Health were associated with higher vaccination uptake. Among females, having high trust in the government was associated with higher vaccination uptake. For intention to vaccinate, males who resided in semi-urban areas and females who resided in rural areas had significantly higher vaccination intention compared to their counterparts in urban areas. Other factors positively associated with vaccination intention among males were trust in the World Health Organization and perceived truthfulness of institutions, while males from households with a higher socio-economic index and those who had declined a vaccine before had a lower vaccine intention. Overall, the factors differentiating vaccine uptake and intention to vaccinate among males and females were mostly related to trust in government institutions, perceived truthfulness of institutions, and respondent's residence. These factors are key in guiding the tailoring of interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in sub-Saharan Africa and similar contexts.

Introductionles systèmes de soins en Afrique de l´Ouest ont été mis à rude épreuve depuis le début de la pandémie à COVID-19. L'exposition du personnel de santé à l'infection dans le cadre de l´épidémie à la COVID-19 a été évoquée dans plusieurs études. L´objectif de cette étude est d´analyser les risques perçus et réels par le personnel de santé dans le premier hôpital à avoir reçu un cas communautaire de COVID-19 au Sénégal.Méthodesune étude descriptive exploratrice de la perception des prestataires de santé vis à vis du risque encouru lors de la COVID-19 avait été fait. Quarante-sept prestataires de santé ont fait l´objet d´entretien individuel approfondis dans cet hôpital.Résultatsla crainte de la maladie était bien présente auprès du personnel de santé. Cette crainte était la résultante de plusieurs facteurs exogènes et endogènes parmi lesquels on comptait la méconnaissance du virus et de la maladie à COVID-19, le sentiment de vulnérabilité liée à une insuffisance dans la disponibilité des matériels de protection individuels, la position du prestataire par rapport au sacerdoce de la profession médicale et le risque réel/ perçu d´être un potentiel danger pour leur famille et leur entourage.Conclusioncette étude a pu faire ressortir la nécessité de la prise en charge psycho-affective des personnels de santé dans le cadre de cette pandémie en prenant en compte la dimension genre. Une mise à disposition suffisante d´équipement de protection individuelle et de mesures de gestion du stress pourraient permettre aux personnels en première ligne de faire face à cette pandémie en toute sérénité.

Le Sénégal, à l´instar de bon nombre de pays dans le monde, fait face depuis le 02 mars 2020 à la pandémie de la COVID-19. La prise en charge psychosociale des personnes victimes de cet événement inattendu et potentiellement mortel est indispensable. Dès l´enregistrement des premiers cas au Sénégal avec l´annonce du premier cluster dans la localité de Touba, à 191 km de Dakar, le 12 mars 2020, les autorités sanitaires du pays ont mis en place sur les lieux une équipe pluridisciplinaire avec une cellule psychosociale opérationnelle. Cette cellule a mis en place pour une centaine de victimes directes et indirectes des soins immédiats et post-immédiats individuels et/ou en groupes avec des visites à domicile. Au-delà de l´aspect thérapeutique et de soutien de la prise en charge psychosociale de ces victimes de la COVID-19, cette intervention a permis au niveau décisionnel d´avoir le feedback du terrain sur certaines actions qui posaient plus de problèmes qu´elles n´en résolvaient. Le travail psychosocial de terrain a permis une modélisation et un ajustement des interventions dans un contexte particulier de déni de la population locale.

L'inhalation accidentelle de corps étranger est fréquente chez l'enfant et exceptionnelle chez l'adulte. Elle représente une urgence respiratoire pouvant mettre en jeu le pronostic vital. L'objectif était de présenter les difficultés de prise en charge des corps étrangers laryngo-trachéo-bronchiques (CELTB). Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective réalisée sur une période de 6 ans (Avril 2006-Mars 2012), dans les services d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale (ORL-CCF) de l'HIA OBO de Libreville. Nous avons répertorié 21 dossiers de patients admis pour corps étrangers laryngo-trachéo-bronchiques. Leur âge moyen était de 8,95 ans avec des extrêmes de 3 et 37 ans. Les enfants représentaient 90% de cas. Le sex-ratio était de 2,30. Les corps étrangers étaient à 55% d'origine alimentaire et à 45% d'origine métallique. Leur localisation était laryngée dans 60% des cas, bronchique dans 35% et trachéale dans 5% des cas. Sur le plan clinique, la toux était retrouvée chez tous les patients. Il existait un syndrome de pénétration dans 60% de cas. La découverte était fortuite lors d'un syndrome de séjour broncho-pulmonaire dans 30% des cas. L'extraction des corps étrangers était réalisée par voie endoscopique et sous anesthésie générale. Chez 47,6% de cas, nous avons effectué une trachéotomie première. Les suites opératoires étaient favorables dans 95,24% et un décès a été noté. La prise en charge des CELTB doit être précoce et nécessite une parfaite collaboration entre anesthésistes et chirurgiens. Leur extraction se fait par voie endoscopique d'où l'intérêt de disposer, dans un service d'ORL-CCF, de matériel endoscopique adapté à l’âge.

Introduction: Appropriate complementary feeding is an important determinant for achieving healthy growth and survival of infants and young children in the first years of life. Poorly managed, it increases the risk of undernutrition, illness and death in the latter. This study aimed to determine the proportion of minimum food intake in breastfed children and to identify the associated factors in the municipality. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of households was carried out in the commune of Kaolack (Senegal) from November 15 to 21, 2017. The multi-stage sampling method was used to select mothers of elderly breastfed children 6-23 months. The analysis was done using R software (version 3.4.3). Descriptive analyzes and simple logical regression were done. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were used to identify the associated factors. Results: A total of 260 women were surveyed. Mothers of children represented 93.8% and the rest were babysitters. The mean age was 27.8 ± 6.6 years. In 94.6%, they were married and in 78.9% the mothers lived in a monogamous marriage. 71.5% of women were in school and 69.6% of mothers had more than two dependent children. Daily market spending was stable in 82.4% of households. The number of people living in the household was less than or equal to 10 people in 60.4% of the households. The sex ratio (M / F) of breastfed children was 1.34. The mean age of breastfed infants was 13.9 ± 4.5 months. Their average weight was 9.1 ± 1.5 kg. The mean height of the children was 75.7 ± 5.5 cm. Among the children surveyed, only 28.7% received a minimum acceptable intake in their diet. Regarding follow-up, 57.3% of women did not respect follow-up appointments promoting child growth. The factors associated with the low proportion of the minimum acceptable intake in children were: the status of the mother compared to babysitters (OR = 0.22 [0.06- 0.84]), the link of kinship with the head of household being a parent of the mother (OR = 2.87 [1.25 - 6.6]) compared to households headed by the father of the child, the regularity of daily expenses (7.41 [2.01-27.37]) and compliance with the follow-up appointments promoting the child's growth (OR = 3.36 [1.73 - 6.51]). Conclusion: To ensure appropriate complementary feeding in children from 6 to 23 months, it is important to strengthen the socioeconomic level of households, sensitize mothers to respect the follow-up appointments promoting the growth of the child.