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Spatiotemporal Distribution and Risk Factors of African Swine Fever Outbreak Cases in Uganda for the Period 2010–2023
This paper describes the spatiotemporal distribution and risk factors of African Swine Fever (ASF) in Uganda for the period of 2010 through 2023. The study utilized a comprehensive dataset from monthly reports (2010–2023) from District Veterinary Officers (DVOs), the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), and the Food and Agriculture Organization, Uganda. Using GPS coordinates, ASF cases were mapped using QGIS to show ASF distribution and spread in Uganda. Moran’s I analysis was used to delineate clusters of ASF. A total of 1521 ASF cases were recorded. The data show that cases of ASF were disseminated throughout the country, with more cases of ASF documented in the central region and border districts (hotspots for ASF), and few cases were reported in Acholi, Karamoja, and Lango, Ankole, West Nile, and Kigezi sub-regions. The time series analysis revealed incidences of ASF disease occurring year-round; notable peak cases were observed in some districts, and districts with ≥30,000 pigs reported higher cases of ASF. The Moran’s I (≥1) analysis showed that ASF is either aggregated (p = 0.01), especially in central districts bordering Tanzania and lake shores, or sporadic in occurrence. The disease was present in 66% of the districts, with ASF occurring throughout the year. More cases were aggregated in central and border districts and districts with large pig populations (≥30,000). Sporadic cases were reported in districts bordering the DRC, Sudan, Kenya, the lake shores, Karamoja, Acholi, and Lango sub-regions.
Journal Article
Modelling the domestic poultry population in the United States: A novel approach leveraging remote sensing and synthetic data methods
Comprehensive and spatially accurate poultry population demographic data do not currently exist in the United States; however, these data are critically needed to adequately prepare for, and efficiently respond to and manage disease outbreaks. In response to absence of these data, this study developed a national-level poultry population dataset by using a novel combination of remote sensing and probabilistic modelling methodologies. The Farm Location and Agricultural Production Simulator (FLAPS) (Burdett et al., 2015) was used to provide baseline national-scale data depicting the simulated locations and populations of individual poultry operations. Remote sensing methods (identification using aerial imagery) were used to identify actual locations of buildings having the characteristic size and shape of commercial poultry barns. This approach was applied to 594 U.S. counties with > 100,000 birds in 34 states based on the 2012 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Census of Agriculture (CoA). The two methods were integrated in a hybrid approach to develop an automated machine learning process to locate commercial poultry operations and predict the number and type of poultry for each operation across the coterminous United States. Validation illustrated that the hybrid model had higher locational accuracy and more realistic distribution and density patterns when compared to purely simulated data. The resulting national poultry population dataset has significant potential for application in animal disease spread modelling, surveillance, emergency planning and response, economics, and other fields, providing a versatile asset for further agricultural research.
Journal Article
Data Preservation and Long Term Analysis in High Energy Physics
Several important and unique experimental high-energy physics programmes at a variety of facilities are coming to an end, including those at HERA, the B-factories and the Tevatron. The wealth of physics data from these experiments is the result of a significant financial and human effort, and yet until recently no coherent strategy existed for data preservation and re-use. To address this issue, an inter-experimental study group on data preservation and long-term analysis in high-energy physics was convened at the end of 2008, publishing an interim report in 2009. The membership of the study group has since expanded, including the addition of the LHC experiments, and a full status report has now been released. This report greatly expands on the ideas contained in the original publication and provides a more solid set of recommendations, not only concerning data preservation and its implementation in high-energy physics, but also the future direction and organisational model of the study group. The main messages of the status report were presented for the first time at the 2012 International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics and are summarised in these proceedings.
Journal Article
The H1 Data Preservation Project
The H1 data preservation project was started in 2009 as part of the global data preservation initiative in high-energy physics, DPHEP. In order to retain the full potential for future improvements, the H1 Collaboration aims for level 4 of the DPHEP recommendations, which requires the full simulation and reconstruction chain as well as the data to be preserved for future analysis. A major goal of the H1 project is therefore to provide secure, long-lived and validated access to the H1 data and analysis software, which is realised in collaboration with DESY-IT using virtualisation techniques. By implementing such a system, it is hoped that the lifetime of the unique ep collision data from HERA will be extended, providing the possibility for novel analysis in the future. The preservation of the data and software is performed alongside a consolidation programme of digital and non-digital documentation, some of which dates back to the early 1980s. A new organisational model of the H1 Collaboration, reflecting the change to the long term phase, is to be adopted in July 2012.
Journal Article
ATLAS Data Preservation
Complementary to parallel open access and analysis preservation initiatives, ATLAS is taking steps to ensure that the data taken by the experiment during Run-1 remain accessible and available for future analysis by the collaboration. An evaluation of what is required to achieve this is underway, examining the ATLAS data production chain to establish the effort required and potential problems. Several alternatives are explored, but the favoured solution is to bring the Run 1 data and software in line with the equivalent to that which will be used for Run 2. This will result in a coherent ATLAS dataset for the data already taken and that to come in the future.
Journal Article
O.J. in the Small Bowel
We present a unique case of partial small bowel obstruction that is secondary to a foreign body in the duodenal diverticulum and impingement on the third segment. An 84 year-old Asian female, with a past medical history of type II Diabetes Mellitus and gastro-esophageal reflux disease, presented to the emergency department with acute onset of nausea and ten episodes of non-bloody emesis. She complained of mild dull, generalized abdominal pain. Physical exam was notable for mild abdominal distention and epigastric pain on palpation. A CT of the abdomen with contrast demonstrated gastric distention without progression of contrast past the second portion of duodenum. She was kept NPO and a nasogastric tube was inserted for gastric and bowel decompression. An EGD was performed; it was advanced 5cm beyond the papilla to the third portion of duodenum where a single large diverticulum full of debris was observed. Forceps were used to remove the debris, which was identified as an un-chewed orange slice. Patient was discharged home that same day after significant improvement post procedure. Duodenal diverticula are less common than colonic diverticula with a prevalence of 5 to 10% in the general population.1 Diverticula are believed to be due to advanced aging.2 While most patients are asymptomatic, some complications include bleeding, obstruction, and/or perforation.3 CT is the modality of choice for identifying the diverticulum. 3 Conservative management consists of nasogastric decompression and antibiotics if there is obstruction or abscess. 3 Often surgical approach is needed if there is perforation. 3 Endoscopic approach can be used for direct visualization, extraction, and/or excision of the diverticulum especially if there is no abscess. 4 1. Metcalfe MJ, Rashid TG, Bird Rle. Isolated perforation of a duodenal diverticulum following blunt abdominal trauma. JEmerg Trauma Shock. 2010; 3(1):79-81 2. Bincy GM, Satheesha NB, Snigdha M. Presence of a simple lateral extramural diverticulum at the junction of second and third parts of the duodenum -- a case report. Int J Anat Variations. 2012; 5, 132-133 3. Martinez-Cecilia D, Arjona-Sanchez A, Gomez-Alvarez M. Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum: a case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol. 2009; 14(12):1949-51. 4. Sathyanarayana SA, Agaba E, Kamath V. Duodenal diverticulum: an unusual cause of high-grade duodenal obstruction. Am Surg. 2011; 77(7):E138-9.
Journal Article
Data preservation in High Energy Physics
Data from high-energy physics experiments are collected with significant financial and human effort and are mostly unique. However, until recently no coherent strategy existed for data preservation and re-use, and many important and complex data sets have simply been lost. While the current focus is on the LHC at CERN, in the current period several important and unique experimental programs at other facilities are coming to an end, including those at HERA, b-factories and the Tevatron. To address this issue, an inter-experimental study group on HEP data preservation and long-term analysis (DPHEP) was convened at the end of 2008. The group now aims to publish a full and detailed review of the present status of data preservation in high energy physics. This contribution summarises the results of the DPHEP study group, describing the challenges of data preservation in high energy physics and the group's first conclusions and recommendations. The physics motivation for data preservation, generic computing and preservation models, technological expectations and governance aspects at local and international levels are examined.
Journal Article
Elastic and proton-dissociative photoproduction of J/ψ mesons at HERA
Cross sections for elastic and proton-dissociative photoproduction of
J
/
ψ
mesons are measured with the H1 detector in positron-proton collisions at HERA. The data were collected at
ep
centre-of-mass energies
and
, corresponding to integrated luminosities of
and
, respectively. The cross sections are measured as a function of the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy in the range 25<
W
γp
<110 GeV. Differential cross sections d
σ
/d
t
, where
t
is the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex, are measured in the range |
t
|<1.2 GeV
2
for the elastic process and |
t
|<8 GeV
2
for proton dissociation. The results are compared to other measurements. The
W
γp
and
t
-dependences are parametrised using phenomenological fits.
Journal Article
Combination and QCD analysis of charm and beauty production cross-section measurements in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA
Measurements of open charm and beauty production cross sections in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations are combined. Reduced cross sections are obtained in the kinematic range of negative four-momentum transfer squared of the photon 2.5GeV2≤Q2≤2000GeV2 and Bjorken scaling variable 3·10-5≤xBj≤5·10-2. The combination method accounts for the correlations of the statistical and systematic uncertainties among the different datasets. Perturbative QCD calculations are compared to the combined data. A next-to-leading order QCD analysis is performed using these data together with the combined inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross sections from HERA. The running charm- and beauty-quark masses are determined as mc(mc)=1.290-0.041+0.046(exp/fit)-0.014+0.062(model)-0.031+0.003(parameterisation) GeV and mb(mb)=4.049-0.109+0.104(exp/fit)-0.032+0.090(model)-0.031+0.001(parameterisation)GeV.
Journal Article