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This article covers the conceptual transition of Power from the era of Hard to that of Sharp, namely. It presents the main theoretical aspects of Sharp Power, identifying the empirical process with Russia and China. However, this article takes the analytical process a step further by presenting Turkish Sharp and Soft Power and its methods in both domestic and foreign policy, which combined constitute Compelling Power. For various analysts, Turkey's current route in the international system seems to have taken a peculiar turn since the state moves away from the Western world, trying to adopt a more independent stance in the international arena. The article argues that this turn concerns the Neo-Ottoman identity that R.T. Erdogan strives to give his nation. In order to achieve this, Ankara and its propaganda mechanisms developed the Turkish version of Soft and Sharp Power. Given this rationale, an evaluation is being conducted on numerous instances of Sharp and Soft power implementation by the Turkish government spanning from 2009 to 2021.

Plaque-induced gingivitis is the most common form of periodontal disease and can affect 100% of the population. Gingivitis prevalence in Latin American population is not well documented, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of plaque-induced gingivitis in adult populations of three Latin American cities.   Methods: This cross sectional multicenter study included 1650 participants, 550 from the Great Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica (GAM), 550 from Mexico City, Mexico (CDMX) and 550 from Bogota City, Colombia (BC). Subjects completed a questionnaire about their medical history and oral hygiene. Clinical assessment included recording of missing teeth, visible plaque index, calculus recording and gingival index (GI, Loe-Silness index).  Results: Average GI was 1.36. No statistical difference was found between GAM (1.45) and BC (1.48); however, GI in CDMX was significantly lower (1.16). Average gingival bleeding on probing was 43%. Total plaque index was 0.76 showing the highest accumulation at interproximal sites (p=0.0001). A positive correlation was found between plaque and gingivitis (r=0.59). Dental calculus was present in at least one of the 18 evaluated sites per subject with no statistical difference between cities. There was no statistical difference in GI between smokers, former smokers and non- smokers.  Conclusion: Gingivitis prevalence was 99.6%. Moderate Gingivitis was the predominant form, with no statistically significant difference between cities or gender. Dental plaque accumulation was the most important risk factor associated with the establishment of the disease.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death among patients with chronic heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less. Whether SGLT2 inhibitors are effective in patients with a higher left ventricular ejection fraction remains less certain. We randomly assigned 6263 patients with heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of more than 40% to receive dapagliflozin (at a dose of 10 mg once daily) or matching placebo, in addition to usual therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of worsening heart failure (which was defined as either an unplanned hospitalization for heart failure or an urgent visit for heart failure) or cardiovascular death, as assessed in a time-to-event analysis. Over a median of 2.3 years, the primary outcome occurred in 512 of 3131 patients (16.4%) in the dapagliflozin group and in 610 of 3132 patients (19.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.92; P<0.001). Worsening heart failure occurred in 368 patients (11.8%) in the dapagliflozin group and in 455 patients (14.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.91); cardiovascular death occurred in 231 patients (7.4%) and 261 patients (8.3%), respectively (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.05). Total events and symptom burden were lower in the dapagliflozin group than in the placebo group. Results were similar among patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 60% or more and those with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 60%, and results were similar in prespecified subgroups, including patients with or without diabetes. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups. Dapagliflozin reduced the combined risk of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death among patients with heart failure and a mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. (Funded by AstraZeneca; DELIVER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03619213.).

IntroductionOptimal Cytoreduction CCO is the only sure Prognostic marker of good DFS and OS thats avaialble with Gynecological oncologist in advanced Ovarian cancer. But its not what we do in Pelvis alone that matters, but what we do and how we handle upper abdomen and diagpragm and Pontis hepatis and upper abdomen disease that translates to good OS. This video shows systematiclaly the surgical technqiue of Peritonecotmy and upper abdomen Optimal CRS quadrant wise to achieve Optimal CRS with HIPECDescriptionOptimal Cytoreduction CCO is the only sure Prognostic marker of good DFS and OS thats avaialble with Gynecological oncologist in advanced Ovarian cancer. But its not what we do in Pelvis alone that matters, but what we do and how we handle upper abdomen and diagpragm and Pontis hepatis and upper abdomen disease that translates to good OS. This video shows systematiclaly the surgical technqiue of Peritonecotmy and upper abdomen Optimal CRS quadrant wise to achieve Optimal CRS. the Glisson capusulectomy with Diaphragem resection and Mesentric stripping and managing Pontis Hepaticus and Pouch of Douglosectomy and retro grade hystrecotmy. and then HIPECConclusion/ImplicationsWe have done over 500 advanced ultra radiical surgery with HIEPC and 1100 ultra radical upper abdominal CRS without HIEPC and morbidity and and mortlaity is standardisesd aftet learning curve of 70 cases with these technqiue of Ball Point caurgery with 90 setting spray mode and systematic quadrant wise approach to high PCI ca ovarian cases. this video shares this technqiue in this.

IntroductionSLNB is standard of care in Early Breast cancer. Tradationally dual technique, using Radiocolloid and hand held gamma probe and Blue dye is used. Disadvantage is its expensive and cumbersome and need for mandatory dependency on nuclear medicine department is requiree and its not dynamic imaging but static. so Low energy resourse setting countries cannot use it . So hand held ICG flourescence imaging probe and ICG SLNB for breast cancer is cost economical and easy and no need for nuclear medicine department and easy to replicate and dynamic imaging per op LYMPHA surgery to prevent lymphodedmeaDescriptionSLNB is standard of care in Early Breast cancer. Tradationally dual technique, using Radiocolloid and hand held gamma probe and Blue dye is used. Disadvantage is its expensive and cumbersome and need for mandatory dependency on nuclear medicine department is requiree and its not dynamic imaging but static. so Low energy resourse setting countries cannot use it . So hand held ICG flourescence imaging probe and ICG SLNB for breast cancer is cost economical and easy and no need for nuclear medicine department and easy to replicate and dynamic imaging per op LYMPHA primary LVA surgery using ICG hand held probe to prevent LymphoedemaConclusion/ImplicationsThis video shows technique of ICG fluorescence SLNB for breast cancer and primary LVA Lympho venous anastamosis LYMPHA using hand held ICG probe

The formation of blood clots—thrombosis—at sites of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a major clinical problem despite ongoing improvements in antithrombotic therapy. Progress in identifying the pathogenic mechanisms regulating arterial thrombosis has led to the development of newer therapeutics, and there is general anticipation that these treatments will have greater efficacy and improved safety. However, major advances in this field require the identification of specific risk factors for arterial thrombosis in affected individuals and a rethink of the 'one size fits all' approach to antithrombotic therapy.

Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF), which presents as a lethal hemorrhagic disease in severe cases. LASV-induced hearing loss in survivors is a huge socioeconomic burden, however, the mechanism(s) leading to hearing loss is unknown. In this study, we evaluate in a mouse LF model the auditory function using auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) to determine the mechanisms underlying LASV-induced hearing loss. In the process, we pioneered measures of ABR and DPOAE tests in rodents in biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) facilities. Our T cell depletion studies demonstrated that CD4 T-cells play an important role in LASV-induced hearing loss, while CD8 T-cells are critical for the pathogenicity in the acute phase of LASV infection. Results presented in this study may help to develop future countermeasures against acute disease and LASV-induced hearing loss.

In a randomized, controlled trial, liraglutide (a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist) or placebo was added to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes. In secondary analyses, rates of development and progression of diabetic kidney disease were lower with liraglutide.

Patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk were assigned to receive either the glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue liraglutide or placebo. The rate of first occurrence of cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke was lower with liraglutide. Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with a high risk of cardiovascular, microvascular, and other complications. 1 , 2 Although glycemic control is associated with reductions in the risk of microvascular complications, the macrovascular benefits of glycemic control are less certain. Furthermore, concern has been raised about the cardiovascular safety of antihyperglycemic therapies. 3 Consequently, regulatory authorities have mandated cardiovascular safety assessments of new diabetes treatments. 4 , 5 Liraglutide, an analogue of human glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), 6 has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its efficacy in lowering glucose levels has been . . .

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein 13 (SCV nsP13), a superfamily 1 helicase, plays a central role in viral RNA replication through the unwinding of duplex RNA and DNA with a 5′ single-stranded tail in a 5′ to 3′ direction. Despite its putative role in viral RNA replication, nsP13 readily unwinds duplex DNA by cooperative translocation. Herein, nsP13 exhibited different characteristics in duplex RNA unwinding than that in duplex DNA. nsP13 showed very poor processivity on duplex RNA compared with that on duplex DNA. More importantly, nsP13 inefficiently unwinds duplex RNA by increasing the 5′-ss tail length. As the concentration of nsP13 increased, the amount of unwound duplex DNA increased and that of unwound duplex RNA decreased. The accumulation of duplex RNA/nsP13 complexes increased as the concentration of nsP13 increased. An increased ATP concentration in the unwinding of duplex RNA relieved the decrease in duplex RNA unwinding. Thus, nsP13 has a strong affinity for duplex RNA as a substrate for the unwinding reaction, which requires increased ATPs to processively unwind duplex RNA. Our results suggest that duplex RNA is a preferred substrate for the helicase activity of nsP13 than duplex DNA at high ATP concentrations.