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"Springborg, M."
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Globalization and the politics of development in the Middle East
\"In a new edition of their book on the economic development of the Middle East and North Africa, Clement Henry and Robert Springborg reflect on what has happened to the region's economy since 2001. How have the various countries in the Middle East responded to the challenges of globalization and to the rise of political Islam, and what changes, for better or for worse, have occurred? Utilizing the country categories they applied in the previous book and further elaborating the significance of the structural power of capital and Islamic finance, they demonstrate how over the past decade the monarchies (as exemplified by Jordan, Morocco, and those of the Gulf Cooperation Council) and the conditional democracies (Israel, Turkey, and Lebanon) continue to do better than the military dictatorships or \"bullies\" (Egypt, Tunisia, and now Iran) and \"the bunker states\" (Algeria, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen)\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Global Optimization of Li and Na Clusters: Application of a Modified Embedded Atom Method
An analytic modified embedded atom method (MEAM), developed for bulk alkali metals, is used to identify up to six different, energetically lowest isomers of
Li
N
and
Na
N
clusters (N = 2 − 150) within an unbiased global structure-optimization procedure. Randomly generated clusters are locally optimized using the
quasi-Newton
method and the resulting six most stable isomers are used afterwards in the
Aufbau–Abbau
algorithm. Due to its analytical formulae and its semiempirical nature, the MEAM emerges as a fast and efficient method that is particularly suitable for an unbiased global optimization. Structural and energetic analyses show that the MEAM provides compact clusters that are in good agreement with the results of other semiempirical calculations. Occasionally, the MEAM produces structures that are normally not found with such model potentials but in more accurate DFT or
ab initio
studies. Moreover, clusters of pronounced stability (magic sizes) are identified, growth patterns are studied, and trends can be recognized in which the atomic arrangement within the clusters of the considered size range corresponds more to the fcc than to the bcc packing. Additionally, for most cluster sizes the structures of the lowest-energy isomers of
Li
N
and
Na
N
clusters are very similar.
Journal Article
الاقتصاد السياسي للتعليم في العالم العربي
يتلمس مؤلفو کتاب \"الاقتصاد السياسي للتعليم في العالم العربي\" إجابات في الاقتصادات السياسية ... التي تشكل بنية الحكم الوطني في المنطقة، وقد أظهروا بوضوح، من خلال ما قدموه من دراسات عن شمال إفريقيا ومنطقة الخليج، إضافة إلى وجهات نظر مقارنة تجارب دول شرق آسيا وأمريكا اللاتينية، أن الجهود المبذولة لتحسين التعليم، وتعزيز التنمية الاقتصادية تبعا لذلك وتوسيع قاعدة المواطنة التي تشكل عمدة استقرار وفعالية أنظمة حكم، ستفشل إلى الحد الذي تصبح معه النخب الحاكمة غير قادرة على زيادة قوتها السياسية والاقتصادية على حساب الصالح العام، يتكون الكتاب من أحد عشر بحثا توزعتها أقسام ثلاثة، بالإضافة إلى قسم تمهيدي مكون من دراستين هما بمثابة المدخلين للإشكاليات التي تناولها الكتاب، فالأولى تتمثل في البحث الأول المشترك بين هشام العلوي وروبرت سبرينغبورغ حيث عرضا بشكل عام لإشكاليات التعليم في العالم العربي من وجهة نظر الاقتصاد السياسي، واضعين القارئ في سياق الكتاب وهويته البحثية، وتتمثل الثانية في بحث إسحاق ديوان الذي تناول بدراسة رصدية إحصائية وتحليلية العلاقة بين إشكاليتي التعليم والديمقراطية في العالم العربي.
Book
Theoretical study of the NLO responses of some natural and unnatural amino acids used as probe molecules
The first hyperpolarizabilities
β
of the natural aromatic amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine have been investigated using several methods and basis sets. Some of the theoretical results obtained were compared to the only experimental hyper-Rayleigh scattering data available. The sensitivity of tryptophan to its local environment was analyzed by constructing two-dimensional potential energy plots around the dipeptide tryptophan-lysine. Static hyperpolarizabilities
β
(0) of the found minima were calculated by a second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) method in combination with the 6-31 + G(d) basis set. Moreover, the efficiency of tryptophan and those of a series of unnatural amino acids as endogenous probe molecules were tested by calculating the nonlinear responses of some peptides. Impressive results were obtained for the amino acid ALADAN, which shows significantly improved nonlinear performance compared to other amino acids with weak nonlinear responses.
Journal Article
Quantum mechanics study on the nonlinear optical responses of a series of 4-hydroxy, 4'-cyanoazobenzene dimers
Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties are mainly measured by the first hyperpolarizability β(0) magnitudes. Besides analyzing the NLO behaviours of monomers, dimerization of chromophores has been found of a huge interest for the application in several optical areas. In the present work, a theoretical study has been carried out on a series of dimers constituted by the azo-chromophore 4-hydroxy, 4'-cyanoazobenzene (HCAB). Combinations of vinylic and styrenic oligomers as well as of 1,3-diphenyl propnane (1,3-DPP) to HCAB have been also investigated. No influence of geometrical parameters has been detected. Indeed, after establishing a comparison with β(0) of monomeric entities, results show that the NLO response of these dimers is not guided by any additivity rule.
Journal Article
Theoretical investigation of the hydrogenation induced atomic rearrangements in palladium rich intermetallic compounds MPd3 (M = Mg, In, Tl)
Based on results from density-functional calculations we present an interesting and unusual mechanism for a structural change in a certain class of intermetallic compounds that can be induced through hydrogen absorption. Through an atomic rearrangement, palladium-rich intermetallic compounds MPd
3
(M = Mg, In, Tl) can change the structure from a tetragonal ZrAl
3
or TiAl
3
type to a cubic AuCu
3
type structure. Within the density-functional calculations we study a possible reaction pathway via a gliding of atomic layers with and without the presence of hydrogen. Subsequently, we argue that H-Pd interactions can be held responsible for the structural change upon hydrogen uptake, and that entropic and packing effects can explain the existence of the lower-symmetric structures in the absence of hydrogen.
Journal Article
Theoretical investigation of the hydrogenation induced atomic rearrangements in palladium rich intermetallic compounds MPd.sub.3
Based on results from density-functional calculations we present an interesting and unusual mechanism for a structural change in a certain class of intermetallic compounds that can be induced through hydrogen absorption. Through an atomic rearrangement, palladium-rich intermetallic compounds M[Pd.sub.3] (M = Mg, In, Tl) can change the structure from a tetragonal Zr[Al.sub.3] or Ti[Al.sub.3] type to a cubic Au[Cu.sub.3] type structure. Within the density-functional calculations we study a possible reaction pathway via a gliding of atomic layers with and without the presence of hydrogen. Subsequently, we argue that H-Pd interactions can be held responsible for the structural change upon hydrogen uptake, and that entropic and packing effects can explain the existence of the lower-symmetric structures in the absence of hydrogen.
Journal Article
Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East
At the beginning of the twenty-first century countries in the Middle East and North Africa contend with the threats and opportunities of economic globalization, the driving force of change in the contemporary world. As the authors confirm in their straightforward and, at times, irreverent analysis of the regions' response to these challenges, it is globalization which is the key to an understanding of economic reform. Through an investigation of the structures of state and civil society, including financial systems, they also demonstrate that there is a direct correlation between economic performance and democratization. In other words, the more liberal the polity, the more effective is its economy in responding to globalization. With its interesting and incisive approach to the politics and economics of the Middle East and North Africa, this will be an essential purchase for students and policy-makers and anyone trying to come to grips with economic globalization generally.
eBook
Structural and energetic properties of nickel clusters: \\(2 \\le N \\le 150\\)
The four most stable structures of Ni\\(_N\\) clusters with \\(N\\) from 2 to 150 have been determined using a combination of the embedded-atom method in the version of Daw, Baskes and Foiles, the {\\it variable metric/quasi-Newton} method, and our own {\\it Aufbau/Abbau} method. A systematic study of energetics, structure, growth, and stability of also larger clusters has been carried through without more or less severe assumptions on the initial geometries in the structure optimization, on the symmetry, or on bond lengths. It is shown that cluster growth is predominantly icosahedral with \\(islands\\) of {\\it fcc}, {\\it tetrahedral} and {\\it decahedral} growth. For the first time in unbiased computations it is found that Ni\\(_{147}\\) is the multilayer (third Mackay) icosahedron. Further, we point to an enhanced ability of {\\it fcc} clusters to compete with the icosahedral and decahedral structures in the vicinity of N=79. In addition, it is shown that conversion from the {\\it hcp}/anti-Mackay kind of icosahedral growth to the {\\it fcc}/Mackay one occurs within a transition layer including several cluster sizes. Moreover, we present and apply different analytical tools in studying structural and energetic properties of such a large class of clusters. These include means for identifying the overall shape, the occurrence of atomic shells, the similarity of the clusters with, e.g., fragments of the {\\it fcc} crystal or of a large icosahedral cluster, and a way of analysing whether the \\(N\\)-atom cluster can be considered constructed from the \\((N-1)\\)-atom one by adding an extra atom. In addition, we compare in detail with results from chemical-probe experiment. Maybe the most central result is that first for clusters with \\(N\\) above 80 general trends can be identified.
Paper
Structure and energetics of Ni clusters with up to 150 atoms
We present a method (the Aufbau/Abbau method) for optimizing the structure of a whole series of clusters without making any assumptions on the structure. Subsequently, the method is combined with the embedded-atom method in determining the structure of the two energetically lowest isomers of Ni_N clusters with N up to 150. Finally, various analytical descriptors are introduced that are used in studying the overall shape of the clusters, their structure and stability, and possible growth and dissociation processes.
Paper