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In the study of Giffen behavior or \"Giffenity\", there remains a paradox. On the one hand, the Wold-Juréen (1953) utility function has been touted as the progenitor of a multi-decade search for those two-good, particular utility functions, which exhibit Giffenity. On the other hand, there is no evidence that the Wold-Juréen (1953) utility function has ever been fully evaluated for Giffenity, with perhaps one minor exception, Weber (The case of a Giffen good: Comment, 1997). But there, Weber showed that the Giffenity of Good 1 depends upon the relative magnitude of income vis-à-vis the price of Good 2. Weber's precondition is so vague that it lacks broad appeal. This paper offers a new and a clear cut precondition for Giffen behavior under the Wold-Juréen (1953) utility function. That is, we show that if the price of Good 1 is greater than or equal to the price of Good 2, then Good 1 is a Giffen good.

After four decades of research, scholars of happiness continue to debate its causes. While it is generally agreed that a combination of internal and external factors play a role, predicting happiness well remains a challenge. Recent research has proposed that social capital may be a vital factor that has been overlooked. This paper attempts to address that omission. According to Coleman’s ( 1988 ) seminal work, three dimensions of social capital exist: (1) trust and obligations, (2) information channels, and (3) norms and sanctions. Using bootstrap hierarchical regression on data from the Canadian General Social Survey of Social Engagement Cycle 17 (2003), we identified blocks of social capital variables described by Coleman, as well as an additional factor of belongingness. Even after controlling for major demographic and individual characteristics, the majority of these blocks show significant relationships with happiness. Our findings support social capital as an important piece in predicting happiness.

We contend that the notion of teaching effectiveness has no verifiable empirical content and therefore the question of teaching score validity is misguided. Universities create knowledge, invest in human capital, and grant degrees, yet teaching scores are ill equipped to capture and evaluate any of these outcomes. In spite of well-documented shortcomings, virtually all universities in North America use teaching scores because they allow the managerial elite to legitimize their control over the affairs of academia in the broader context of university governance. Using the enabling myth of teaching scores, the bureaucrats shift the focus from the investment in human capital to the granting of degrees in order to re-cast higher education into an authoritative, vertically organized hierarchy, better suited for managerial rent-extraction and entrenchment.

Currently, the consumer's price of utility, which is integral to the consumer's or Frischian static profit function, is viewed as exogenous to the profit-maximization decision. The present note challenges this perspective by demonstrating that if the consumer is a profit maximizer, then the consumer's price of utility is endogenous to the decision-making process.

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between a lifelong learning mindset and career success. A lifelong learning mindset is a way of approaching one's work with curiosity, strategic thinking, and resilience. Career success refers to objective (e.g., number of promotions) and subjective (e.g., job satisfaction) indicators of progress and fulfillment in one's work.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies are presented. Both studies draw from an accounting and finance program at a Canadian university. In study 1, data were collected from students (n = 62) and their supervisors at the end of a four-month co-operative education (co-op) work term. In study 2, data were collected from graduates (n = 148).FindingsResults suggest that developing a lifelong learning mindset enhances both objective and subjective career success. Participants' lifelong learning mindset was associated with objective career success in both studies (supervisor-rated performance in study 1 and number of promotions in study 2). Lifelong learning mindset was associated with subjective career success in study 2 (job satisfaction, work engagement, and job-related self-efficacy) but not in study 1 (experience satisfaction).Originality/valueThis article presents the first empirical examination of the relationship between a lifelong learning mindset and career success. Insights from the article highlight the fact that educators and workplace managers might work together to promote a lifelong learning mindset for current and future workers.

Trace fossils of basal, apterygote (wingless) insects from the Pennsylvanian-aged Rhode Island Formation of southeastern New England include the body imprint Tonganoxichnus buildexensis and the trackways Mitchellichnus cf. ferrydenensis, Siskemia elegans, Stiallia pilosa, and Stiaria intermedia. Trackways with double and triple medial impressions (S. elegans and M. ferrydenensis) are rare among trace fossils attributed to such insects. To determine how these unusual trackway morphologies were produced, and why they are so rare, experiments were conducted over a range of media ( = sedimentary substrates) with modern archaeognathans (jumping bristletails) and thysanurans (silverfish). Our experimental results suggest that archaeognathans produced the fossil body imprints, as well as trackways exhibiting opposite symmetry, but cannot rule out thysanurans for trackways exhibiting alternate symmetry. The results also show that a variety of appendages leave medial impressions. The rarity of fossil trackways with more than one medial impression results from the low mass of the animal and the delicate nature of the appendages making such structures, coupled with behavior (jumping and landing) and media properties (saturation and cohesiveness). The production of different numbers of medial impressions by a single archaeognathan species suggests that fossils should show similar variety, albeit in rare cases, and that the named ichnotaxa are likely derived from a single biological taxon. Finally, the experimental work provides new insights into the production and preservation in Stiallia and Tonganoxichnus.

Twenty years ago, Peter Moffatt (2002) posed this general question: “Is Giffen behavior compatible with the axioms of consumer theory?” The present paper addresses this very same question, but only as it applies to the Wold-Juréen (1953) utility function. In this paper, we demonstrate that the Wold-Juréen (1953) utility function exhibits both Giffenity and compatibility with the axioms of consumer theory. Our singular interest in the Wold-Juréen (1953) utility function stems from the fact that this utility function continues to be the preeminent theoretical benchmark in the study of Giffenity.

Trace fossils of basal, apterygote (wingless) insects from the Pennsylvanian-aged Rhode Island Formation of southeastern New England include the body imprint Tonganoxichnus buildexensis and the trackways Mitchellichnus cf. ferrydenensis, Siskemia elegans, Stiallia pilosa, and Stiaria intermedia. Trackways with double and triple medial impressions (S. elegans and M. ferrydenensis) are rare among trace fossils attributed to such insects. To determine how these unusual trackway morphologies were produced, and why they are so rare, experiments were conducted over a range of media ( = sedimentary substrates) with modern archaeognathans (jumping bristletails) and thysanurans (silverfish). Our experimental results suggest that archaeognathans produced the fossil body imprints, as well as trackways exhibiting opposite symmetry, but cannot rule out thysanurans for trackways exhibiting alternate symmetry. The results also show that a variety of appendages leave medial impressions. The rarity of fossil trackways with more than one medial impression results from the low mass of the animal and the delicate nature of the appendages making such structures, coupled with behavior (jumping and landing) and media properties (saturation and cohesiveness). The production of different numbers of medial impressions by a single archaeognathan species suggests that fossils should show similar variety, albeit in rare cases, and that the named ichnotaxa are likely derived from a single biological taxon. Finally, the experimental work provides new insights into the production and preservation in Stiallia and TONGANOXICHNU.