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Brown tumor (BT), particularly of the jaws, is a rare and late manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a disease most commonly reported in middle-aged women. It is usually attributed to adenoma (single or multiple), hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland, and rarely carcinoma. A generalized loss of lamina dura, although a late manifestation, is most commonly attributed to PHPT. The routine use of orthopantomograms (OPG) in dentistry makes the dentist one of the frontrunners in diagnosing this disease. Here we report the case of a 42-year-old female who presented to our clinic with the complaint of swelling in the right back region of the lower jaw and loosening of teeth. OPG and cone-beam computed tomography revealed a generalized loss of lamina dura and three well-defined radiolucent regions: two in the mandible and one in the maxilla. The provisional diagnosis was giant cell lesion of hyperparathyroidism, which was further confirmed by biochemical analysis and sestamibi scan. The patient underwent left parathyroidectomy, and clinical and radiographic follow-up was done at 6 months and 12 months after surgery. Our patient had a single adenoma on her left parathyroid gland, leading to primary hyperparathyroidism, which only presented with oral symptoms. This case highlights the importance of dentists in diagnosing such endocrinopathies that may present with mere oral manifestations.

Oral ulcers are a very frequent complaint of patients reporting to dental professionals, of which traumatic ulcers are the most common They are very painful and troublesome while the patient speaks, masticates, or brushes. Various treatment modalities, such as topical analgesics and topical or systemic antibiotics, are used conventionally. However, long-term non-healing painful conditions and drug resistance have boosted the rapid raising of an alternative wound healing method. In the presented cases, low-dose biophotonics, also called photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy by low-level laser, was used with the aim of alleviating pain and inflammation, modulating the immune response, and promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Aim The aim of this randomized clinical trial is to compare the efficacy of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) with the combination of pregabalin and nortriptyline in treating post-extraction trigeminal neuropathy using magnetic resonance neurography (MRN). Methods The present prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 patients (20 in each group). In group I (positive control group), a combination of 75 mg of pregabalin and 10 mg of nortriptyline was administered once daily for the duration of 12 weeks. In group II, 600 mg of palmitoylethanolamide was given twice a day. In group III, a combination therapy of the abovementioned drugs was given. The efficacy of the drug was assessed by measuring pain intensity in terms of the numeric rating scale (NRS) (primary outcome) and changes (signal intensity and nerve thickness) in magnetic resonance neurography (secondary outcome) at various intervals of time. The data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) at the significance level of P<0.05. Results A significant decrease in post-drug mean NRS scores was observed in all three groups. In terms of reduction in the mean NRS, the combination group showed the highest reduction. Palmitoylethanolamide significantly reduces pain scores with negligible side effects. Conclusion Palmitoylethanolamide helps in the reduction of mild to moderate pain of painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) with minimal side effects, suggesting that it may be used where the use of the conventional drug is either contraindicated or not feasible.

Oral malignant melanomas are rare neoplasms of the oral cavity which present significant diagnostic ambiguity. The etiology is unclear though the stimulation of melanoblasts by genetic, epigenetic, and traumatic causes that have been proposed in etiopathogenesis. Clinically, it presents as a pigmented swelling or growth which remains asymptomatic until it advances to later stages. It is highly invasive and metastasizes quickly; hence, it has a very poor prognosis with a survival rate of only 7%. Early diagnosis of the neoplasm and thorough investigation is not only necessary for prompt treatment but also necessary for a favorable prognosis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of herbal medicines (1 gm tulsi and 1 gm turmeric mixed in glycerine base) for the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Forty-one patients in the age group of 17- 56 years without any systemic complications were included in the study. The patients were treated with medicines, which were to be applied 3-4 times a day. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment to screen for any systemic changes due to these medications. Burning sensation and mouth opening were recorded before and after treatment. Patients were followed up on monthly subsequent visits for three months. Changes in the burning sensation on visual analogue scale (VAS) scale and difference in the mouth opening were analyzed statistically. A statistically significant improvement was seen in both burning sensation and mouth opening. Tulsi and turmeric offers a safe and efficacious combination of natural products available for symptomatic treatment of OSMF.

Hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder affecting multiple vital organs. The three types of hyperparathyroidism show oral as well as systemic manifestations, including brown tumor, neurological disorders, nephrolithiasis, and pancreatitis. Oral manifestations form an integral part in diagnosing the underlying parathyroid pathology, which is presented in this case series.

This study aimed to statistically evaluate and compare the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of manual versus artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted digital cephalometric tracing using Steiner's and Down's analyses in orthodontic diagnostics. A retrospective study was conducted using 20 lateral cephalograms obtained using the NewTom GiANO HR cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system (Quantitative Radiology, Verona, Italy). Manual tracings were performed on acetate sheets, while digital analysis employed the AudaxCeph® software (Audax d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia) with automated landmark detection. Measurements were analysed using independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between manual and digital cephalometric measurements across key parameters. Minor variations were within clinically acceptable limits, confirming that both methods are consistent and interchangeable for orthodontic diagnostics. AI-assisted digital cephalometric tracing is as accurate and reliable as manual methods, offering enhanced efficiency and consistency. These findings support its integration into routine orthodontic diagnostics.

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is usually underreported and frequently not diagnosed. The phenomenon that cleft lip and palate are regularly combined in the same pedigree makes it unique. A meticulous examination of a patient with lip pits may reveal a hidden form of a cleft, for example, submucous. This paper presents a case of VWS in a ten-year-old boy with characteristic orofacial features. Special emphasis has also been given on the need for appropriate genetic counseling.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is one of the uncommon dysplasias affecting the maxillofacial region. The age group may vary from 19 to 76 years and typically presents in the 4th and 5th decades. In most cases patients do not have hereditary basis of disease, and only a few familial cases have been documented. As far as we know this is the 1st reported case of familial FCOD in an Indian family. The mother and son exhibited multiple sclerotic masses in both jaws. The mode of transmission appeared to be autosomal dominant with variable phenotypic expression.