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One of the most promising technologies that is driving digitalization in several industries is Digital Twin (DT). DT refers to the digital replica or model of any physical object (physical twin). What differentiates DT from simulation and other digital or CAD models is the automatic bidirectional exchange of data between digital and physical twins in real-time. The benefits of implementing DT in any sector include reduced operational costs and time, increased productivity, better decision making, improved predictive/preventive maintenance, etc. As a result, its implementation is expected to grow exponentially in the coming decades as, with the advent of Industry 4.0, products and systems have become more intelligent, relaying on collection and storing incremental amounts of data. Connecting that data effectively to DTs can open up many new opportunities and this paper explores different industrial sectors where the implementation of DT is taking advantage of these opportunities and how these opportunities are taking the industry forward. The paper covers the applications of DT in 13 different industries including the manufacturing, agriculture, education, construction, medicine, and retail, along with the industrial use case in these industries.

Ever since its discovery, the applications of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) can be found across a range of application domains, from structural design to medical technology. This is based upon the unique and inherent characteristics such as thermal Shape Memory Effect (SME) and Superelasticity (or Pseudoelasticity). While thermal SME is used for shape morphing applications wherein temperature change can govern the shape and dimension of the SMA, Superelasticity allows the alloy to withstand a comparatively very high magnitude of loads without undergoing plastic deformation at higher temperatures. These unique properties in wearables have revolutionized the field, and from fabrics to exoskeletons, SMA has found its place in robotics and cobotics. This review article focuses on the most recent research work in the field of SMA-based smart wearables paired with robotic applications for human-robot interaction. The literature is categorized based on SMA property incorporated and on actuator or sensor-based concept. Further, use-cases or conceptual frameworks for SMA fiber in fabric for ‘Smart Jacket’ and SMA springs in the shoe soles for ‘Smart Shoes’ are proposed. The conceptual frameworks are built upon existing technologies; however, their utility in a smart factory concept is emphasized, and algorithms to achieve the same are proposed. The integration of the two concepts with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is discussed, specifically regarding minimizing hazards for the worker/user in Industry 5.0. The article aims to propel a discussion regarding the multi-faceted applications of SMAs in human-robot interaction and Industry 5.0. Furthermore, the challenges and the limitations of the smart alloy and the technological barriers restricting the growth of SMA applications in the field of smart wearables are observed and elaborated.

Historically, rivers have served as crucial life-lines for human settlements, by facilitating the growth of ancient civilizations worldwide. However, the advent of urbanization has brought about a profound shift: rivers that were once pristine sources of freshwater, now bear the burden of domestic and industrial pollutants which is emblematic of the swifteconomic and technological advancements of our time. This transformation has significantly degraded numerous rivers, including India's esteemed Ganga and its tributary, the Yamuna. Both these rivers endure severe pollution despite their cultural veneration as goddesses in Hindu mythology. The Delhi NCR contributes significantly to the pollution load in the Yamuna River, causing it to function primarily as a channel for sewage discharge. This study meticulously scrutinizes the sources and repercussions of pollution in the Yamuna River ecosystem, particularly its impact on agricultural communities that are reliant on its waters. Physicochemical parameters-Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Faecal Coliform-were assessed using data from monitoring stations that were overseen by CPCB/DPCC. The findings underscore the extensive river contamination and its detrimental socioeconomic effects on local farmers. This research underscores the imperative for inter-disciplinary collaboration across social and environmental sectors to drive innovative solutions for wastewater management. It advocates emerging approaches such as decentralized wastewater treatment and Nature-based Solutions, to enhance water quality and bolster community well-being, thereby fostering broader social benefits. The effective rejuvenation of rivers like the Yamuna necessitates concerted efforts across sectors to implement sustainable water management practices, thus mitigating the profound impacts of pollution on ecosystems and human livelihoods.

Because she is already 2 days late, testing now should give a reliable result. If her cycle remains irregular or she has other concerns, she should contact her health care provider for further evaluation.4 Case 4: Accessed June 17, 2025. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/plan-b-one-step-15-mg-levonorgestrel-information Mid-section portrait of unrecognizable woman during last months of pregnancy holding her big belly gently standing against wall in blue room | Image Credit: pressmaster | stock.adobe.com Mid-section portrait of unrecognizable woman during last months of pregnancy holding her big belly gently standing against wall in blue room | Image Credit: pressmaster | stock.adobe.com data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%275760%27%20height=%273840%27/%3e data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 https://www.pharmacytimes.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.sanity.io%2Fimages%2F0vv8moc6%2Fpharmacytimes%2F5e76b08d49cd1f1a2cce7a759e78aacaf5fd6584-5760x3840.jpg%3Ffit%3Dcrop%26auto%3Dformat&w=3840&q=75 https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/pharmacytimes/5e76b08d49cd1f1a2cce7a759e78aacaf5fd6584-5760x3840.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format