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"Stephen, Mary"
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Ocean soup : tide-pool poems
Playful poems and information about some of the creatures that live in Atlantic and Pacific Ocean tide pools.
Book
A complete clinical review of idiopathic macular telangiectasia
Idiopathic macular telangiectasia refers to a disease entity characterized by telangiectasia and alteration of the juxtafoveal capillary network. It can present uniocularly or binocularly and is subdivided into three groups which have varied appearances. Group I occurs in males which is easily identifiable and has macular edema. Group II has no sex predilection and difficult to distinguish by clinical examination and often requires the need of optical coherence tomography and angiographic modalities. Group III is not so common with its progressive nature and associated with neurological diseases. This article is aimed to provide complete details about idiopathic macular telangiectasia/idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia/parafoveal telangiectasia including various groups, pathology, presentation, and management.
Journal Article
Evaluation of changes in anterior segment morphology using Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido disk topographer following laser peripheral iridotomy in primary angle-closure disease
Purpose:
To assess the morphological changes in the anterior segment following laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in primary angle-closure disease (PACD) using Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido disk corneal topographer.
Methods:
This was a prospective observational study. A total of 52 eyes of 27 patients with PACD who underwent LPI were analyzed for iridocorneal angle (ICA), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID), corneal volume (CV), central corneal thickness (CCT), and horizontal anterior chamber diameter (HACD) 1 week following LPI, using Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido disk corneal topographer. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 19.0, and paired t-test was used to assess the statistical significance.
Results:
Laser peripheral iridotomy was performed in 43 eyes with primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), six eyes with primary angle closure (PAC), and three eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). The analysis of the data showed statistically significant changes in anterior segment parameters of ICA, ACD, and ACV. Post-laser increase in ICA from 34.13° ± 2.64° to 34.75° ± 2.84° (P < 0.041), mean ACD increase from 2.21 ± 0.25 to 2.35 ± 0.27 mm (P = 0.01), and mean ACV increase from 98.19 ± 12.13 to 104.15 ± 11.16 mm3 (P = 0.001) were noted.
Conclusion:
Significantly quantifiable short-term changes in the anterior chamber parameters of ICA, ACD, and AC volume were seen after LPI in patients with PACD on Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido disc corneal topographer.
Journal Article
Building resilient health systems through simulation exercises to strengthen emergency preparedness and response
Keywords: health emergency, health system, preparedness, response, simulation exercise, Eastern Mediterranean
Journal Article
Kay Sage : catalogue raisonnâe
\"The catalogue raisonnâe covers Sage's mature style of work from 1934 to 1961. Separated into four sections, the book features over 230 entries with full-page, color reproductions throughout: 138 paintings, 22 collages, 51 works on paper, and 23 constructions. A number of works are presented for the first time. Also included is a small group of Sage's rarely seen, earlier academic work produced in Italy. A poetic and thoughtful essay by Mary Ann Caws delves into the Sage's life, bringing to light new insight into the artist's very personal practice. A chronology by Sage scholar Stephen Robeson Miller provides new research and documentation. Both are fully illustrated\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Spatial and temporal distribution of infectious disease epidemics, disasters and other potential public health emergencies in the World Health Organisation Africa region, 2016–2018
Background
Emerging and re-emerging diseases with pandemic potential continue to challenge fragile health systems in Africa, creating enormous human and economic toll. To provide evidence for the investment case for public health emergency preparedness, we analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of epidemics, disasters and other potential public health emergencies in the WHO African region between 2016 and 2018.
Methods
We abstracted data from several sources, including: the WHO African Region’s weekly bulletins on epidemics and emergencies, the WHO-Disease Outbreak News (DON) and the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED). Other sources were: the Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED) and the Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Network (GIDEON). We included information on the time and location of the event, the number of cases and deaths and counter-checked the different data sources.
Data analysis
We used bubble plots for temporal analysis and generated graphs and maps showing the frequency and distribution of each event. Based on the frequency of events, we categorised countries into three: Tier 1, 10 or more events, Tier 2, 5–9 events, and Tier 3, less than 5 or no event. Finally, we compared the event frequencies to a summary International Health Regulations (IHR) index generated from the IHR technical area scores of the 2018 annual reports.
Results
Over 260 events were identified between 2016 and 2018. Forty-one countries (87%) had at least one epidemic between 2016 and 2018, and 21 of them (45%) had at least one epidemic annually. Twenty-two countries (47%) had disasters/humanitarian crises. Seven countries (the epicentres) experienced over 10 events and all of them had limited or developing IHR capacities. The top five causes of epidemics were: Cholera, Measles, Viral Haemorrhagic Diseases, Malaria and Meningitis.
Conclusions
The frequent and widespread occurrence of epidemics and disasters in Africa is a clarion call for investing in preparedness. While strengthening preparedness should be guided by global frameworks, it is the responsibility of each government to finance country specific needs. We call upon all African countries to establish governance and predictable financing mechanisms for IHR implementation and to build resilient health systems everywhere.
Journal Article
Two rounds of the Pandemic Fund at the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: progress, lessons learned, challenges, and way forward
World Health Organization (WHO) played an important role in supporting the Member States of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) apply for awards from the Pandemic Fund - a vital source of funding for pandemic preparedness and response. The aim of this commentary is to reflect the contributions of WHO EMR during the first two funding rounds of the Pandemic Fund, while highlighting the lessons learned, and addressing the ongoing challenges faced across the region. As EMR Member States continue to build and strengthen their health security capacities, WHO's involvement has catalyzed the improvement of early warning systems, laboratory capacity, and workforce development. However, challenges remain, including sustainability, enhancing regional cooperation, the widespread state fragility, and multiple conflicts across the region.
Journal Article