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That every man be armed : the evolution of a constitutional right
\"A revised and updated edition of Halbrook's 1984 book discussing the Second Amendment and the individual right to bear arms\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Multi‐Scale Rupture Growth With Alternating Directions in a Complex Fault Network During the 2023 South‐Eastern Türkiye and Syria Earthquake Doublet
A devastating doublet of earthquakes with moment magnitude MW 7.9 and MW 7.6 earthquakes contiguously occurred in SE Türkiye near the NW border of Syria. Here we perform a potency‐density tensor inversion to simultaneously estimate rupture evolution and fault geometry for the doublet. We find the initial MW 7.9 earthquake involved discrete episodes of supershear rupture and back‐rupture propagation, and was triggered by initial rupture along a bifurcated splay of the East Anatolian Fault. The second MW 7.6 event was triggered by the earlier MW 7.9 event, and it involved more extensive supershear rupture along a favorably curved fault, and was likely stopped by geometric barriers at the fault ends. Our results highlight the multi‐scale cascading rupture growth across the complex fault network that affects the diverse rupture geometries of the 2023 Türkiye earthquake doublet, contributing to the strong ground shaking and associated devastation. Plain Language Summary On 6 February 2023, devastating dual earthquakes; moment magnitude 7.9 and 7.6 events struck southern Türkiye near the northern border of Syria. The two earthquakes were only separated ∼90 km and ∼9 hr apart. The strong shaking from the two earthquakes caused significant damage to the buildings and people, having caused over 50,000 fatalities in Türkiye and Syria. The source region is where the Anatolian, Arabian and African plates meet, developing the network of faults that hosted the large devastating earthquakes. Seismological analyses using observed seismic waveforms are effective for rapidly estimating how the rupture of the two earthquakes evolves over such distinctively oriented and possibly segmented faults. We use the globally observed seismic records to simultaneously estimate rupture evolution and fault geometry of the earthquake doublet. We find the sequence of both earthquakes involves curved and segmented fault ruptures, including the back‐propagating rupture for the initial earthquake, which is facilitated by the complex active fault network. The 2023 earthquake doublet displays the irregular rupture evolution and diverse triggering behaviors both in a single event and across the earthquake sequence, which provide critical inputs in both our understanding of earthquake‐rupture dynamics and better assessment of future damaging earthquakes. Key Points An earthquake doublet of MW 7.9 and MW 7.6 ruptured multiple segments and curved faults Initial splay fault rupture triggered a large MW 7.9 rupture involving pulses of back‐propagating supershear rupture Multi‐scale rupture growth in a complex fault network may facilitate diverse rupture behaviors and triggering interactions in the doublet
Journal Article
The economics of John Kenneth Galbraith : introduction, persuasion, and rehabilitation
\"The recent financial crisis has once again seen John Kenneth Galbraith return to the bestseller lists. Yet, despite the continued popular success of his works, Galbraith's contribution to economic theory is rarely recognized by today's economists. This book redresses the balance by providing an introductory and sympathetic discussion of Galbraith's theoretical contributions, introducing the reader to his economics and his broader vision of the economic process. The book highlights and explains key features of Galbraith's economic thought, including his penetrating critique of society, his distinctive methodology, his specific brand of Keynesianism, and his original - but largely ignored - contribution to the theory of the firm. It also presents, for the first time, a detailed examination of Galbraith's monetary economics and revisits his analysis of financial euphoria. This unique work seeks to rehabilitate Galbraith's contribution, setting out several directions for possible future research in the Galbraithian tradition\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Recent advances in percutaneous coronary intervention
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) continues to advance at pace with an ever-broadening indication. In this article we will review the recent technological advances in PCI that have enabled more complex coronary disease to be treated. The choice of revascularisation strategy must take into account the evidence—just because we can treat by PCI does not necessarily mean we should. When PCI is indicated, a safe, precision PCI approach guided by physiology, imaging and optimal lesion preparation should be the goal to obtain complete revascularisation and a durable long-term result. When these standards are adhered to, the outcomes can be excellent, in even complex coronary disease. We provide contemporary trial evidence to justify PCI and treatment algorithms that ensure optimal revascularisation decision making to achieve the best patient outcomes.
Journal Article
Establishment of H3K9-methylated heterochromatin and its functions in tissue differentiation and maintenance
Heterochromatin is characterized by dimethylated or trimethylated histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9me2 or H3K9me3, respectively) and is found at transposable elements, satellite repeats and genes, where it ensures their transcriptional silencing. The histone methyltransferases (HMTs) that methylate H3K9 — in mammals Suppressor of variegation 3–9 homologue 1 (SUV39H1), SUV39H2, SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1), SETDB2, G9A and G9A-like protein (GLP) — and the ‘readers’ of H3K9me2 or H3K9me3 are highly conserved and show considerable redundancy. Despite their redundancy, genetic ablation or mistargeting of an individual H3K9 methyltransferase can correlate with impaired cell differentiation, loss of tissue identity, premature aging and/or cancer. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the roles of the known H3K9-specific HMTs in ensuring transcriptional homeostasis during tissue differentiation in mammals. We examine the effects of H3K9-methylation-dependent gene repression in haematopoiesis, muscle differentiation and neurogenesis in mammals, and compare them with mechanistic insights obtained from the study of model organisms, notably Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. In all these organisms, H3K9-specific HMTs have both unique and redundant roles that ensure the maintenance of tissue integrity by restricting the binding of transcription factors to lineage-specific promoters and enhancer elements.Histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9)-methylated heterochromatin ensures transcriptional silencing of repetitive elements and genes, and its deregulation leads to impaired cell and tissue identity, premature aging and cancer. Recent studies in mammals clarified the roles H3K9-specific histone methyltransferases in ensuring transcriptional homeostasis during tissue differentiation.
Journal Article
Energy conversion approaches and materials for high-efficiency photovoltaics
This Review describes the sunlight conversion strategies — and their technological implementations — that are currently being investigated to realize solar cells with efficiencies beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit.
The past five years have seen significant cost reductions in photovoltaics and a correspondingly strong increase in uptake, with photovoltaics now positioned to provide one of the lowest-cost options for future electricity generation. What is becoming clear as the industry develops is that area-related costs, such as costs of encapsulation and field-installation, are increasingly important components of the total costs of photovoltaic electricity generation, with this trend expected to continue. Improved energy-conversion efficiency directly reduces such costs, with increased manufacturing volume likely to drive down the additional costs associated with implementing higher efficiencies. This suggests the industry will evolve beyond the standard single-junction solar cells that currently dominate commercial production, where energy-conversion efficiencies are fundamentally constrained by Shockley–Queisser limits to practical values below 30%. This Review assesses the overall prospects for a range of approaches that can potentially exceed these limits, based on ultimate efficiency prospects, material requirements and developmental outlook.
Journal Article
Progress in and promise of bacterial quorum sensing research
This Review highlights how we can build upon the relatively new and rapidly developing field of research into bacterial quorum sensing (QS). We now have a depth of knowledge about how bacteria use QS signals to communicate with each other and to coordinate their activities. In recent years there have been extraordinary advances in our understanding of the genetics, genomics, biochemistry, and signal diversity of QS. We are beginning to understand the connections between QS and bacterial sociality. This foundation places us at the beginning of a new era in which researchers will be able to work towards new medicines to treat devastating infectious diseases, and use bacteria to understand the biology of sociality.
A Review of the genetics, biochemistry, ecology and evolution of bacterial quorum sensing.
Bacterial communication
Bacterial quorum sensing is a strategy for regulating gene expression that orchestrates collective group behaviour. In this Review, Peter Greenberg and colleagues explore the progress that has been made in understanding bacterial quorum sensing, including the genetics, biochemistry and ecology of these systems, which are used by bacteria to communicate and to coordinate their behaviour. They also discuss the future outlook for this field in terms of understanding sociality in bacteria, and how these systems could be used to develop antibacterial agents.
Journal Article