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"Stephen Loftus"
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Community-based healthcare : the search for mindful dialogues
This is a book for practitioners working in community-based healthcare as well as educators of future practitioners and researchers exploring this practice field and for people with chronic disabilities and their families and carers. The book invites readers to re-think and re-shape the way that community-based healthcare is practised by practitioners and experienced/engaged with by clients/patients and their families and other carers. Based on a PhD study of therapeutic relationships in community healthcare settings in NSW, Australia, and on real-life experiences of practitioners, clients and clients' families and care givers, this book paints a rich picture of the lived experiences of these participants in community-based healthcare. It examines the issues and challenges they face and the ways they deal with these. Key themes identified across the book are: the value and nature of relationships in this unique healthcare setting, the importance of time and using it well, the way good teamwork facilitates good community-based, patient-centred healthcare, balancing autonomy and equality with healthcare quality, practice wisdom embodied in healthcare, and ways of improving healthcare in clients' own homes -- Provided by the publisher.
Book
Amphibian skin may select for rare environmental microbes
Host-microbe symbioses rely on the successful transmission or acquisition of symbionts in each new generation. Amphibians host a diverse cutaneous microbiota, and many of these symbionts appear to be mutualistic and may limit infection by the chytrid fungus,
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
, which has caused global amphibian population declines and extinctions in recent decades. Using bar-coded 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we addressed the question of symbiont transmission by examining variation in amphibian skin microbiota across species and sites and in direct relation to environmental microbes. Although acquisition of environmental microbes occurs in some host-symbiont systems, this has not been extensively examined in free-living vertebrate-microbe symbioses. Juvenile bullfrogs (
Rana catesbeiana
), adult red-spotted newts (
Notophthalmus viridescens
), pond water and pond substrate were sampled at a single pond to examine host-specificity and potential environmental transmission of microbiota. To assess population level variation in skin microbiota, adult newts from two additional sites were also sampled. Cohabiting bullfrogs and newts had distinct microbial communities, as did newts across the three sites. The microbial communities of amphibians and the environment were distinct; there was very little overlap in the amphibians’ core microbes and the most abundant environmental microbes, and the relative abundances of OTUs that were shared by amphibians and the environment were inversely related. These results suggest that, in a host species-specific manner, amphibian skin may select for microbes that are generally in low abundance in the environment.
Journal Article
Educating health professionals : becoming a university teacher
This book is for health professionals who are becoming involved in the education of people entering their professions. It introduces many of the challenges that educators must engage with in the twenty-first century; challenges that will preoccupy our attention for many years to come. The world of professional practice in healthcare is changing and the education we provide to prepare people for that practice is also changing. How do we prepare professional practitioners for this changing world? How do we prepare them for the changes that are yet to come? What challenges and changes do they need to be aware of? How do we prepare educators both academics and workplace educators for these challenges? This volume opens up and articulates the issues we face in preparing people to enter the contemporary world of healthcare. Experienced educators should also find much of interest in these pages. Practice-based education provides an overarching framework for consideration of the issues involved. There are five sections in the book: - Section 1: Introduction - Section 2: Health Professional Education in Context - Section 3: Teaching and Research - Section 4: Case Studies - Section 5: Future Directions.
Book
Community Structure and Function of Amphibian Skin Microbes: An Experiment with Bullfrogs Exposed to a Chytrid Fungus
The vertebrate microbiome contributes to disease resistance, but few experiments have examined the link between microbiome community structure and disease resistance functions. Chytridiomycosis, a major cause of amphibian population declines, is a skin disease caused by the fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). In a factorial experiment, bullfrog skin microbiota was reduced with antibiotics, augmented with an anti-Bd bacterial isolate (Janthinobacterium lividum), or unmanipulated, and individuals were then either exposed or not exposed to Bd. We found that the microbial community structure of individual frogs prior to Bd exposure influenced Bd infection intensity one week following exposure, which, in turn, was negatively correlated with proportional growth during the experiment. Microbial community structure and function differed among unmanipulated, antibiotic-treated, and augmented frogs only when frogs were exposed to Bd. Bd is a selective force on microbial community structure and function, and beneficial states of microbial community structure may serve to limit the impacts of infection.
Journal Article
An experimental test of disease resistance function in the skin-associated bacterial communities of three tropical amphibian species
Abstract
Variation in the structure of host-associated microbial communities has been correlated with the occurrence and severity of disease in diverse host taxa, suggesting a key role of the microbiome in pathogen defense. However, whether these correlations are typically a cause or consequence of pathogen exposure remains an open question, and requires experimental approaches to disentangle. In amphibians, infection by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) alters the skin microbial community in some host species, whereas in other species, the skin microbial community appears to mediate infection dynamics. In this study, we completed experimental Bd exposures in three species of tropical frogs (Agalychnis callidryas, Dendropsophus ebraccatus,andCraugastor fitzingeri) that were sympatric with Bd at the time of the study. For all three species, we identified key taxa within the skin bacterial communities that were linked to Bd infection dynamics. We also measured higher Bd infection intensities in D. ebraccatus and C. fitzingeri that were associated with higher mortality in C. fitzingeri. Our findings indicate that microbially mediated pathogen resistance is a complex trait that can vary within and across host species, and suggest that symbiont communities that have experienced prior selection for defensive microbes may be less likely to be disturbed by pathogen exposure.
Subtle differences in the microbiome predict responses to pathogen exposure in three species of neotropical frogs.
Journal Article
Educating health professionals : becoming a university teacher
This book is for health professionals who are becoming involved in the education of people entering their professions. It introduces many of the challenges that educators must engage with in the twenty-first century; challenges that will preoccupy our attention for many years to come. The world of professional practice in healthcare is changing and the education we provide to prepare people for that practice is also changing. How do educators prepare professional practitioners for this changing world? How do they prepare them for the changes that are yet to come? What challenges and changes do they need to be aware of? How do we prepare educators both academics and workplace educators for these challenges? This volume opens up and articulates the issues we face in preparing people to enter the contemporary world of healthcare. Experienced educators should also find much of interest in these pages. Practice-based education provides an overarching framework for consideration of the issues involved. [Back cover]
eBook
Community-Based Healthcare
This is a book for practitioners working in community-based healthcare as well as educators of future practitioners and researchers exploring this practice field and for people with chronic disabilities and their families and carers. The book invites readers to re-think and re-shape the way that community-based healthcare is practised by practitioners and experienced/engaged with by clients/patients and their families and other carers.
eBook
“We know what they’re struggling with”: student peer mentors’ embodied perceptions of teaching in a health professional education mentorship program
This paper reports on a study of student peer mentorship in the context of nursing education in a higher education program in Canada. The study used an embodied hermeneutic phenomenological methodology to investigate student peer mentors’ perceptions of teaching during peer mentorship. The data were collected over one calendar year (2019) and involved analysis of 10 participants’ interview data and their ‘body maps,’ produced in response to guided questions. Through the data analysis a core theme of ‘commitment to mentee growth’ was identified, along with seven interrelated themes: sharing responsibility for learning, moderating stress, mediating power relations, navigating unknown processes, valuing creative approaches, offering generous acceptance, and facilitating confidence. Student peer mentorship has the potential to contribute to health professions education in a number of unique ways including through embodied attunement, trusting intersubjective relations, and dialogic education. This study is innovative in its purposeful design and aim to investigate both cognitive and embodied perceptions of student peer mentors. The findings point to the promise of student peer mentorship for advancing health sciences education. Implications for peer mentorship program development in health professions education are discussed.
Journal Article
Medical rhetoric
Only recently have we begun to appreciate how important rhetoric is in many aspects of health care. 3 Rhetoric is especially important in the clinical reasoning that forms such a central part of medical practice. 4 Nugus, Bridges, and Braithwaite (half jestingly) suggest that we teach marketing techniques to doctors.
Journal Article