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"Stevens, J."
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Frank Sinatra
\"American Icons: Frank Sinatra celebrates the legendary crooner who defined American music, class, and style for a generations. From his early years during the swing era to his solo career and time with the famous Rat Pack, this book explores the colorful, exciting life of Ol' Blue Eyes.\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Blood pressure variability and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective To systematically review studies quantifying the associations of long term (clinic), mid-term (home), and short term (ambulatory) variability in blood pressure, independent of mean blood pressure, with cardiovascular disease events and mortality.Data sources Medline, Embase, Cinahl, and Web of Science, searched to 15 February 2016 for full text articles in English.Eligibility criteria for study selection Prospective cohort studies or clinical trials in adults, except those in patients receiving haemodialysis, where the condition may directly impact blood pressure variability. Standardised hazard ratios were extracted and, if there was little risk of confounding, combined using random effects meta-analysis in main analyses. Outcomes included all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality and cardiovascular disease events. Measures of variability included standard deviation, coefficient of variation, variation independent of mean, and average real variability, but not night dipping or day-night variation.Results 41 papers representing 19 observational cohort studies and 17 clinical trial cohorts, comprising 46 separate analyses were identified. Long term variability in blood pressure was studied in 24 papers, mid-term in four, and short-term in 15 (two studied both long term and short term variability). Results from 23 analyses were excluded from main analyses owing to high risks of confounding. Increased long term variability in systolic blood pressure was associated with risk of all cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.22), cardiovascular disease mortality (1.18, 1.09 to 1.28), cardiovascular disease events (1.18, 1.07 to 1.30), coronary heart disease (1.10, 1.04 to 1.16), and stroke (1.15, 1.04 to 1.27). Increased mid-term and short term variability in daytime systolic blood pressure were also associated with all cause mortality (1.15, 1.06 to 1.26 and 1.10, 1.04 to 1.16, respectively).Conclusions Long term variability in blood pressure is associated with cardiovascular and mortality outcomes, over and above the effect of mean blood pressure. Associations are similar in magnitude to those of cholesterol measures with cardiovascular disease. Limited data for mid-term and short term variability showed similar associations. Future work should focus on the clinical implications of assessment of variability in blood pressure and avoid the common confounding pitfalls observed to date.Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42014015695.
Journal Article
BTS : rise of Bangtan
\"This unofficial biography tells the story of BTS and their global ARMY, which helped propel them to the top of the charts all over the world. Extensively researched, Rise of Bangtan explores the lives of RM, J-Hope, Suga, Jimin, V, Jin, and Jungkook, the story behind how they all got together, and their amazing rise to fame--from their start in East Asia to their dominance across the globe.
Book
Microbial evolution and transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum
Virtually all plants and animals, including humans, are home to symbiotic microorganisms. Symbiotic interactions can be neutral, harmful or have beneficial effects on the host organism. However, growing evidence suggests that microbial symbionts can evolve rapidly, resulting in drastic transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum. In this Review, we integrate theoretical and empirical findings to discuss the mechanisms underpinning these evolutionary shifts, as well as the ecological drivers and why some host–microorganism interactions may be stuck at the end of the continuum. In addition to having biomedical consequences, understanding the dynamic life of microorganisms reveals how symbioses can shape an organism’s biology and the entire community, particularly in a changing world.Symbiotic interactions can be neutral, harmful or have beneficial effects for host organisms. In this Review, Drew, Stevens and King discuss the evolutionary transitions of host–microorganism symbioses along the parasite–mutualist continuum, the mechanisms underlying evolutionary changes, the selective pressures involved and common empirical approaches for studying them.
Journal Article
The coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease mediates extensive viral recombination
Recombination is proposed to be critical for coronavirus (CoV) diversity and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and other zoonotic CoVs. While RNA recombination is required during normal CoV replication, the mechanisms and determinants of CoV recombination are not known. CoVs encode an RNA proofreading exoribonuclease (nsp14-ExoN) that is distinct from the CoV polymerase and is responsible for high-fidelity RNA synthesis, resistance to nucleoside analogues, immune evasion, and virulence. Here, we demonstrate that CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and the model CoV murine hepatitis virus (MHV), generate extensive and diverse recombination products during replication in culture. We show that the MHV nsp14-ExoN is required for native recombination, and that inactivation of ExoN results in decreased recombination frequency and altered recombination products. These results add yet another critical function to nsp14-ExoN, highlight the uniqueness of the evolved coronavirus replicase, and further emphasize nsp14-ExoN as a central, completely conserved, and vulnerable target for inhibitors and attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging zoonotic CoVs.
Journal Article
Redstone Junior High. Book 4, When endermen attack
\"Winter has come to Redstone Junior High once again, and with it comes holiday celebrations, snowball combat practice, and loads of outdoor fun. But even though the threat of Smite and his henchmen has passed, a new, sinister force lurks in the dark hallways of the school. Strange blocks begin to appear in random places throughout the school, and students have been hearing eerie sounds coming from its abandoned corridors. Pixel, Sky, and Uma team up to figure out what's tormenting their school--and why\"--Back cover.
Book
Host microbiota can facilitate pathogen infection
Animals live in symbiosis with numerous microbe species. While some can protect hosts from infection and benefit host health, components of the microbiota or changes to the microbial landscape have the potential to facilitate infections and worsen disease severity. Pathogens and pathobionts can exploit microbiota metabolites, or can take advantage of a depletion in host defences and changing conditions within a host, to cause opportunistic infection. The microbiota might also favour a more virulent evolutionary trajectory for invading pathogens. In this review, we consider the ways in which a host microbiota contributes to infectious disease throughout the host’s life and potentially across evolutionary time. We further discuss the implications of these negative outcomes for microbiota manipulation and engineering in disease management.
Journal Article
Redstone Junior High. Book 2, Creepers crashed my party
\"After creepers tell Pixel that SAMD is still alive and looking for innocent mobs, Pixel and her friends devise a plan to lure the SAMD and Smite, its evil leader, to a party, but they have to contend with Tina's desire for revenge and Smite's dark powers\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Flow organization and heat transfer in turbulent wall sheared thermal convection
We perform direct numerical simulations of wall sheared Rayleigh–Bénard convection for Rayleigh numbers up to $Ra=10^{8}$, Prandtl number unity and wall shear Reynolds numbers up to $Re_{w}=10\\,000$. Using the Monin–Obukhov length $L_{MO}$ we observe the presence of three different flow states, a buoyancy dominated regime ($L_{MO}\\lesssim \\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{\\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$; with $\\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{\\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$ the thermal boundary layer thickness), a transitional regime ($0.5H\\gtrsim L_{MO}\\gtrsim \\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{\\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$; with $H$ the height of the domain) and a shear dominated regime ($L_{MO}\\gtrsim 0.5H$). In the buoyancy dominated regime, the flow dynamics is similar to that of turbulent thermal convection. The transitional regime is characterized by rolls that are increasingly elongated with increasing shear. The flow in the shear dominated regime consists of very large-scale meandering rolls, similar to the ones found in conventional Couette flow. As a consequence of these different flow regimes, for fixed $Ra$ and with increasing shear, the heat transfer first decreases, due to the breakup of the thermal rolls, and then increases at the beginning of the shear dominated regime. In the shear dominated regime the Nusselt number $Nu$ effectively scales as $Nu\\sim Ra^{\\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}$ with $\\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\\ll 1/3$, while we find $\\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\\simeq 0.30$ in the buoyancy dominated regime. In the transitional regime, the effective scaling exponent is $\\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>1/3$, but the temperature and velocity profiles in this regime are not logarithmic yet, thus indicating transient dynamics and not the ultimate regime of thermal convection.
Journal Article