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Animated by an unprecedented study of its collections, this book tells the story of the Royal Academy of Arts, London, and illuminates the history of art in Britain over the past two and a half centuries. Thousands of paintings, sculptures, drawings, and engravings, as well as silver, furniture, medals, and historic photographs, make up this monumental collection, featured here in stunning illustrations, and including an array of little-studied works of art and other objects of the highest quality. The works of art complement an archive of 600,000 documents and the first library in Britain dedicated to the fine arts. This fresh history reveals the central role of the Royal Academy in British national life, especially during the 19th century. It also explores periods of turmoil in the 20th century, when the Academy sought either to defy or to come to terms with modernism, challenging linear histories and frequently held notions of progress and innovation.

The first major synthesis of African archaeobotany in decades, this book focuses on Paleolithic archaeobotany and the relationship between agriculture and social complexity. It explores the effects that plant life has had on humans as they evolved from primates through the complex societies of Africa, including Egypt, the Buganda Kingdom, southern African polities, and other regions. With over 30 contributing scholars from 12 countries and extensive illustrations, this volume is an essential addition to our knowledge of humanity’s relationship with plants. 1. African Archaeobotany Expanding, Dorian Q Fuller, Sam Nixon, Chris J. Stevens and Mary Anne Murray2. Primate Archaeobotany: The Potential for Revealing Nonhuman Primate Plant-Use in the African Archaeological Record, Michael Haslam3. Dietary Diversity: Our Species-Specific Dietary Adaptation, Gordon Hillman and Michele Wollstonecroft4. Seeds at Sibudu: A Glimpse of Middle Stone Age Vegetation at Sibudu Cave, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, Christine Sievers5. Understanding Late and Terminal Pleistocene Vegetation Change in The Western Cape, South Africa: The Wood Charcoal Evidence from Elands Bay Cave, Caroline Cartwright, John Parkington and Richard Cowling6. Early Millet Farmers in the Lower Tilemsi Valley, Northeastern Mali, Katie Manning and Dorian Q Fuller7. Holocene Vegetation Change and Land Use at Ounjougou, Mali, Barbara Eichhorn and Katharina Neumann8. Early Agro-Pastoralism in The Middle Senegal Valley: The Botanical Remains from Walalde, Shawn Sabrina Murray and Alioune Deme9. Humans and the Mangrove in Southern Nigeria, Emuobosa Akpo Orijemie and M. Adebisi Sowunmi10. Plant and Land Use in Southern Cameroon Between 400 BC and AD 400, Stefanie Kahlheber, Alexa HAhn and Katharina Neumann11. Wild Trees in the Subsistence Economy of Early Bantu Speech Communities: A Historical-Linguistic Approach, Koen Bostoen12. Archaeobotany of Two Middle Kingdom Cult Chambers at North Saqqara, Egypt, Ahmed Gamal-El-Din Fahmy, Nozomu Kawai and Sakuji Yoshimura13. Botanical Insights into the Life of an Ancient Egyptian Village: Excavation Results from El-Amarna, Chris J. Stevens and Alan J. Clapham14. Agricultural Innovation and State Collapse in Meroitic Nubia: The Impact of the Savannah Package, Dorian Q Fuller15. Islands of Agriculture on Victoria Nyanza, Andrew Reid and Ceri Ashley16. Archaeobotanical Investigations of the Iron Age Lundu State, Malawi, Ingrid Heijen17. Prehistoric Plant Use on La Palma Island (Canary Islands, Spain): An Example of the Disappearance of Agriculture in an Isolated Environment, Jacob Morales, Amelia Rodriguez and Aguedo Marrero18. Patterns in the Archaeobotany of Africa: Developing a Database for North Africa, the Sahara and The Sahel, Ruth Pelling19. The Archaeobotany of Farming Communities in South Africa: A Review, Alexander Antonites, Annie Raath Antonites20. Linguistic Evidence and the Origins of Food Production in Africa: Where Are We Now?, Christopher Ehret21. African Agricultural Tools: Implications of Synchronic Ethnography for Agrarian History, Roger Blench22. Leaving a Lasting Impression: Arable Economies and Cereal Impressions in Africa and Europe, Meriel McClatchie and Dorian Q Fuller23. The Use of Plants In Iron Production: Insights from Smelting Remains from Buganda, Louise IlesIndex

The negotiation of a patchy but burgeoning network of international investment agreements and the increasing use to which they are put is generating a growing body of jurisprudence which, while still evolving, requires closer analytical scrutiny. Drawing on many of the most distinguished voices in investment law and policy, and offering novel, multidisciplinary perspectives on the rapidly evolving landscape shaping international investment activity and treaty-making, this book explores the most important economic, legal and policy challenges in contemporary international investment law and policy. It also examines the systemic implications flowing from frenetic recent judicial activism in investment matters and advances several innovative propositions for how best to promote greater overall coherence in rule-design, treaty use and policy making and thus offer a better balance between the rights and obligations of international investors and host states.