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Selected Aspects of Semantic Conversion – The Case of Toleration The text refers to the selected aspects of semantic conversion defined as the process of transformation of the meaning of the terms. This paper deals with the notion of “toleration”. The classic negative tolerance was described as a lack of intolerance. Otherwise, the positive tolerance is often characterized as acceptance, esteem, or affirmation for differences. Such distinction between them has the effect that in the face of the negative theory positive tolerance appears paradoxical. On the other hand, in perspective of the positive theory the classic idea seems to be intolerance. Basing on positive concept may lead to a reductionist alternative: acceptance (esteem, affirmation) – intolerance. In the article the Author also considers the problem of connections between toleration and the power of individual. Furthermore, the paper examines simple and complex objects of tolerance and the problem of the person as a subject of toleration.

The article concerns selected problems related to the postulates of equalizing the level of positive liberty. The classic understanding of individual freedom, called as negative (freedom from), identified with a , can be in opposition to the so-called positive liberty (freedom to). The last notion is generally defined by an , which brings its relation with a concept of power. The postulate of equality in “freedom to” can be justification for conducting a social redistribution of goods. The cases of voluntary and compulsory donation are considered in the text, whose aim is to visualize consequences resulting from a compulsory expansion of the scope of positive liberty.

The paper refers to selected issues of exploitation in the face of justice. The analysis is based on the definitions of exploitation contained in the Polish Penal and Civil Codes. The main goal is the identification of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the recognition of exploitation as being unjust. A supplementary question will refer to a specific type of justice which should be considered in this case. In this respect, we should consider retributive, distributive and social justice. Another important factor in this regard is the accepted theory of value. In the presented considerations, we will focus on the labour theory of value. The principal issue can be expressed by the questions whether exploitation is ipso facto unjust and how the phenomena of exploitation and justice are related to each other.

The article deals with selected problems related to the postulates of equalizing the level of positive liberty. The classic understanding of individual freedom as negative freedom, identified with the lack of compulsion, can be opposed to the so-called positive liberty. The latter notion is usually defined in terms of ability, which suggests that there is a relation between the concept of freedom and the concept of power. The postulate of equality with regard to the ‘freedom to’ would occasionally justify social redistribution of goods. The cases of voluntary and compulsory donation are considered in the text the aim of which is to picture the consequences resulting from the compulsory expansion of the scope of positive liberty. Moreover, an attempt to compare the significance of both types of liberty, with a special emphasis on the moral context, has also been made.

The text refers to the selected aspects of semantic conversion defined as the process of transformation of the meaning of the terms. This paper deals with the notion of “toleration”. The classic negative tolerance was described as a lack of intolerance. Otherwise, the positive tolerance is often characterized as acceptance, esteem, or affirmation for differences. Such distinction between them has the effect that in the face of the negative theory positive tolerance appears paradoxical. On the other hand, in perspective of the positive theory the classic idea seems to be intolerance. Basing on positive concept may lead to a reductionist alternative: acceptance (esteem, affirmation) – intolerance. In the article the Authoralso considers the problem of connections between toleration and the power of individual. Furthermore, the paper examines simple and complex objects of tolerance and the problem of the person as a subject of toleration.

In the 1840’s due to Luigi Taparelli and Antonio Rosmini emerged the term of “social justice”. From this time, its meaning has developed in many ways. The paper brings up some applications of the notion. In the literature of the subject one can find numerous identities of “social justice”. The article focuses on the identity of this term with justice framed as: legal, distributive, commutative, penal, and restorative. Some of these concepts assumes and requires existence of some kind of social persons. By briefly analysing those notions the author tries to show the specificity of particular types of meanings assigned to the social justice.

In the 1840’s, due to Luigi Taparelli and Antonio Rosmini, the term of “social justice” emerged. Since that time, its meaning has developed in many ways. In the literature of the subject, one can find numerous identifications of “social justice”. This paper brings up some applications of the notion. The author, in inevitably approximate analyses, tries to show the specificity of particular types of meanings assigned to the notion of “social justice”. The article focuses on the identity of this term with justice framed as a legal and distributive justice.

In the 1840’s, due to Luigi Taparelli and Antonio Rosmini, the term of “social justice” emerged. Since that time, its meaning has developed in many ways. The author, in inevitably approximate analyses, tries to show the specificity of particular types of meanings assigned to the notion of “social justice”. In the literature of the subject, one can find numerous identifications of “social justice”. The article focuses on the identity of this term with the ideas of social equality or solidarity. It also considers aspects of equality applied to opportunities and rights.

In the 1840’s, due to Luigi Taparelli and Antonio Rosmini, the term of “social justice” emerged. Since that time, its meaning has developed in many ways. In the literature of the subject, one can find numerous identifications of the term “social justice”. The article focuses on the identity of this term with justice framed as: a commutative justice (in its varieties: retributive, restorative and justice of exchange). Some of these concepts assume the existence of some kind of social persons. The author, in inevitably approximate analyses, tries to show specificity of particular types of meanings assigned to the notion of “social justice”.