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This paper highlights cryptographic activities from 1540 to about 1680 at the small duchy-Brunswick-Lüneburg in northern Germany, not too far from Hanover (see Fig. 1, p. 2). The analysis shall proceed chronologically and present some relevant examples from the 16th century before focusing on the most important German cryptological author of his time, Duke August the Younger (1579-1666).

While it is not possible to identify exact sources for the square tables that Johannes Trithemius and, after him, Blaise de Vigenère presented in their cryptographic publications, there is good evidence that Trithemius may have been influenced by a variety of materials: He knew the figural poetry of Rabanus Maurus (780-856) that frequently used squares with a grid of 36 letters; he was fully aware of the medieval ars combinatoria and the works of the Mallorcan philosopher and theologian Raymundus Lullus (1233-1316), where he would have also found combinatorial circular disks; and he may have discerned a pattern for his square table in the medieval Easter or Lenten tables used for the calculation of the forty days of Lent and the days of Easter over a period of years.

With FAX equipment readily available not only to FL departments in this country but increasingly also in Gymnasien and institutions of higher learning in Germany, the use of this technology as a means of increasing the relevance of the writing component in intensive German courses and of enhancing \"c\"-culture has become feasible. This article describes two projects that promoted the exchange of essays between American students in intensive courses and German students at a Pädagogische Hochschule and a Gymnasium.