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Popular politics in the history of South Africa, 1400-1948
\"Popular Politics in the History of South Africa, 1400-1948 offers a newly inclusive vision of South Africa's past. Drawing largely from original sources, Paul Landau presents a history of the politics of the country's people, from the time of their early settlements in the elevated heartlands, through the colonial era, to the dawn of Apartheid. A practical tradition of mobilization, alliance, and amalgamation persisted, mutated, and occasionally vanished from view; it survived against the odds in several forms, in tribalisms, Christian assemblies, and other, seemingly hybrid movements; and it continues today. Landau treats southern Africa broadly, concentrating increasingly on the southern highveld and ultimately focusing on a transnational movement called the \"Samuelites.\" He shows how people's politics in South Africa were suppressed and transformed, but never entirely eliminated\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Entrepreneurial leadership in a developing economy: a skill-based analysis
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine entrepreneurial leadership and to determine the entrepreneurial leadership skills which are important for success in a developing economy environment. Specifically, the focus of this research was on entrepreneurial leadership within the retail pharmacy sector in Nigeria.
Design/methodology/approach
This study was guided by an interpretivist-constructionist perspective. By adopting a qualitative approach, the lived experiences of the retail pharmacy entrepreneurs could be understood. In total, 51 semi-structured interviews were the mode of data collection, and data were triangulated via three sources: entrepreneurs, employees, and literature.
Findings
From the study results, a vivid picture of entrepreneurial leadership was formed, which in turn provides the basis for an empirical skill-based model of this phenomenon in a developing economy. This study identifies four distinct entrepreneurial leadership skill categories. These include technical/business skills, interpersonal skills, conceptual skills, and entrepreneurial skills. The findings of this study also show the factors and conditions necessary for entrepreneurial leadership in a developing economy.
Originality/value
The findings of this study have implications in theory and practice. Its results provide an empirical, skill-based framework on entrepreneurial leadership in a developing economy, a subject area for which there exists a lack of background literature. In practice, the findings of this study serve as a useful reference for practitioners and policy makers of the skills and other factors required for people to succeed as entrepreneurial leaders.
Journal Article
Negotiating polyvocal strategies
The Practice of Everyday Life (de Certeau M (1984) The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press) has become a canonical text in urban studies, with de Certeau’s idea of tactics having been widely deployed to understand and theorise the everyday. Tactics of resistance were contrasted with the strategies of the powerful, but the ways in which these strategies are operationalised were left ambiguous by de Certeau and have remained undertheorised since. We address this lacuna through an examination of the planning profession in South Africa as a lieu propre – a strategic territory with considerable power to shape urban environments. Based on a large interview data set examining practitioner attitudes toward the state of the profession in South Africa, this paper argues that the strategies of the powerful are themselves subject to negotiation. We trace connections with de Certeau’s earlier work to critique the idea that strategies are univocal. We do this by examining how the interests of different powerful actors can come into conflict, using the planning profession as an exemplar of how opposing strategies must be mediated in order to secure changes in society.
《日常生活操行》(de Certeau M (1984) The Practice of Everyday Life.Berkeley, CA:University of California Press)已经成为城市研究的经典文本，德·赛都的战术思想已经被广泛应用于理解和理论化日常生活。反抗的策略与强势群体的策略形成对比，但德·赛都并未清晰阐述这些策略的运作方式，此后，这些策略一直没有得到充分的理论化。我们通过考察南非的规划行业来填补这一空白，我们将南非作为一个很好的例子，这是一个策略性区域，拥有塑造城市环境的巨大权力。基于一个大型访谈数据集（该数据集考察了从业者对南非行业状况的态度），本文认为强势群体的策略本身是可以谈判的。我们追踪与德·赛都早期工作的联系，以批判“策略是单一的”这一观点。我们这样做是通过研究不同的强势群体行为者的利益如何发生冲突，我们以规划行业为例，说明为何必须调解对立的策略，以确保社会变革。
Journal Article
Exchange Ideologies
Exchange Ideologies documents
the social world of Aleppo's traders before the destruction of the
city, exploring changing conceptions of commerce in Syria.
Syria's traders have been seen as embodying a timeless culture of
\"the bazaar,\" or an ahistorical Islamic culture of trade. Other
accounts portray them as venal figures, motivated only by profit,
and commerce as a purely instrumental pursuit. Rejecting both
approaches, Paul Anderson traces the diverse social structures, and
notions of language, through which Aleppo's merchants understood
and construed commerce and the figure of the merchant during a
period of economic liberalization in the 2000s. Rather than seeing
these social structures and representations as expressions of a
timeless bazaar culture, or as shaped only by Islamic tradition,
Exchange Ideologies relates them to processes of
politically managed economic liberalization and the Syrian regime's
attempts to ensure its own survival in the midst of change. In
doing so, Anderson provides an account of economic liberalization
in Syria as a social and cultural process as much as a political
and economic one.
eBook
Impact of video laryngoscope shape on first-attempt success during non-supine emergency department intubations
Laryngoscope blade shape may differentially facilitate first-attempt success in patients intubated in non-supine positions in the emergency department (ED). Therefore, we analyzed first-attempt success in ramped and upright positions stratified by hyperangulated or standard geometry video laryngoscopes (VL).
We performed a secondary analysis of the National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR) on ED intubations from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Our primary outcome was first-attempt success, and secondary outcomes included first-attempt success without adverse events and glottic view. We included all VL intubation attempts in the ramped and upright positions on medical patients >17-years-old. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) using a multivariable logistic regression mixed-effects model with site as a random effect and blade type, obesity / morbid obesity, training level (i.e., post-graduate year), operator-perceived difficult airway, and presence of an objective difficult airway finding as fixed effects.
Our analysis included 266 attempts with hyperangulated blades and 370 attempts with standard geometry blades in the ramped cohort, and 116 attempts with hyperangulated attempts and 55 attempts with standard geometry blades in the upright cohort. In the ramped cohort, 244 (91.7%) of hyperangulated first attempts were successful, and 341 (92.2%) of standard geometry first attempts were successful (aOR 1.02 [95% confidence interval 0.56, 1.84]). In the upright cohort, 107 (92.2%) of hyperangulated first attempts were successful, and 50 (90.9%) of standard geometry first attempts were successful (aOR 1.04 [0.28, 3.86]). There was no difference across the secondary outcomes, including first-attempt success without adverse events.
Hyperangulated and standard geometry VL had similar first-attempt success in ramped and upright position intubations in the ED.
Journal Article
أين الفطور ؟
تحكي قصة (أين الفطور ؟) والتي قام بتأليفها (بول شيبتون) عن نملات صغيرات، تسأل والدها النملة الكبيرة، عن الفطور. هل هو قطعة حلوى ؟ فيقول الأب لا وليس شوكولاتة كذلك، بل هو تفاح، لأن النمل والحيوانات لا تأكل الحلوى والسكر، بل تتغذى على الثمار والمنتجات الطبيعية والمغزى واضح، علينا نحن أيضا أن نعتمد في غذائنا على الفواكه بدل الحلوى، حتى نكتسب الصحة والنشاط مثل النمل.
Book
Entrepreneurial leadership in retail pharmacy: developing economy perspective
Purpose
– This paper aims to uncover the challenges facing entrepreneurs in a developing economy, using the retail pharmacy sector in Nigeria. Furthermore, the entrepreneurial leadership attributes that have proved to be valuable in overcoming the challenges faced in this sector will be identified.
Design/methodology/approach
– The study is exploratory. Data collection is based on semi-structured interviews with retail pharmacy entrepreneurs and their employees. Although there has been some body of literature on entrepreneurial leadership, (Fernald et al., 2005; Gupta et al., 2004), none have addressed the nexus of leadership and entrepreneurship (Cogliser and Brigham, 2004) from the retail pharmacy sector of a developing economy.
Findings
– Findings show that retail pharmacy entrepreneurs in a developing economy are faced with challenges such as inadequate capital and poor infrastructural facilities. However, despite these challenges, these entrepreneurial leaders were successful because of key attributes, namely, vision, risk-taking and opportunity recognition and exploitation.
Research limitations/implications
– The sample size is a limitation to the study. Future studies with a larger sampling base as well as a different sector will provide greater insight.
Originality/value
– This study is the first qualitative study to explore the impact of entrepreneurial leadership in the retail pharmacy sector in Nigeria. It identified the training needs for entrepreneurs in this context. By the participants sharing their experiences, the study identified the prerequisites for success, hence motivating other retail pharmacy entrepreneurs.
Journal Article