Explore the vast range of titles available.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the reliability, validity, and usefulness of the 30–15 intermittent fitness test (30–15 IFT ) in soldiers. The 34 infantry members of the Slovenian armed forces were recruited as participants. Participants performed the continuous incremental treadmill test (TR), a 2-mile run (2 MR ) test, and two 30–15 IFT tests. Additionally, participants were divided into a highest-scoring group (HSG) and a lowest-scoring group (LSG) based on their scores on the Army Physical Fitness Test. A very high reliability ratings were observed for 30–15 IFT measures, as follows: end-running speed (ERS) ERS IFT (ICC = 0.971) , maximal heart rate (HR max ) HR maxIFT (IC = 0.960) , and maximal relative oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) VO 2max-IFT (ICC = 0.975) . Although 30–15 IFT measures demonstrated high correlations (r = 0.695–0.930) to the same measures of TR test, ERS, HR max and VO 2max were higher in the 30–15 IFT (p > 0.05) . Furthermore, ERS IFT and predicted VO 2maxIFT were higher in HSG compared to LSG, whereas HR max did not differ. The results of this study show that the 30–15 IFT test is a reliable, valid and useful tool for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in the armed forces. Moreover, the ERS and predicted VO 2 max values derived from the 30–15 IFT could be considered more sensitive markers of combat readiness than the parameters derived from the TR and 2 MR tests. Trial registration number: NCT05218798.

The industrial development of technology, with appropriate adaptation, enables us to discover possibilities in sport training control. Therefore, we have developed a new approach to linear running analysis. This study aims to determine the measurement possibilities using an LDM301A laser system in obtaining basic kinematic parameters. The second goal is the application of specialized computer programs based on appropriate algorithms to calculate a vast number of variables that can be used to adjust the training and the rivalry. It is a non-invasive, non-contact measurement method. We can also determine the influence of both subjective and objective external factors. In this way, we can also conduct training with real-time scientific feedback. This method is easy to use and requires very little time to set up and use. The efficiency and running economy can be calculated with various time, speed, acceleration, and length indexes. Calculating the symmetries between the left and right leg in velocity, stride lengths, support phase times, flight phase times, and step frequency are possible. Using the laser measurement method and detailed kinematic analysis may constitute a new chapter in measuring speed. However, it still has to compete with classic photocell measurement methods. This is mainly due to their high frequency of measurement used, despite some reservations about the scale of measurement errors.

The purpose of the study was to compare the biomechanical parameters of the hurdle clearance technique of the fifth hurdle in the 110 m hurdle race of Colin Jackson of Great Britain (12.91 s world record was set in 1994) and Dayron Robles of Cuba (12.87 s world record was set in 2008), two world record holders. Despite the athletes having performed at different times, we used comparable biomechanical diagnostic technology for both hurdlers. Biomechanical measurements for both were performed by the Laboratory for Movement Control of the Institute of Sport, Faculty of Sport in Ljubljana. A three-dimensional video analysis of the fifth hurdle clearance technique was used. High standards of biomechanical measurements were taken into account, thus ensuring the high objectivity of the obtained results. The following program was used: the ARIEL kinematic program (Ariel Dynamics Inc., Trabuco Canyon, CA, USA). The results of the comparative analysis found minimal differences between the two athletes, which was expected given their excellence. Dayron Robles’s hurdle clearance was more effective, as it was characterized by a smaller loss of horizontal center of mass (COM) velocity. Robles’s hurdle clearance took 0.50 s: 0.10 s for the take-off, 0.33 s for the flight phase, and 0.07 s for the landing phase. Colin Jackson completed the hurdle clearance slightly slower, as it took him 0.54 s. Jackson’s take-off phase also lasted 0.10 s, his flight phase 0.36 s, and his landing 0.08 s. The two athletes are quite different in their morphological constitution. Dayron Robles is 10 cm taller than Colin Jackson, resulting in a lower flight parabola of CM during hurdle clearance of the Cuban athlete. Dayron Robles has a more effective hurdle clearance technique compared to Jackson’s achievement. It can be considered that their individual techniques of overcoming the hurdle, reached their individual highest efficiency at this time.

Development and recognition of new gymnastics element is subjected to the evaluation of difficulty and structural complexity of the skill. The authority over the procedure lies with the Technical Committee of International Gymnastics Federation (FIG TC) and thus the classification of an element is a result of the subjective perception of its members. The present article pursued two goals. First, a method of biomechanical modelling was used to present a new gymnastics element “Dimic” on parallel bars. Second, as the element “Dimic” was evaluated with the same difficulty and placed in an identical position as “Bilozerchev” element in the Code of Points tables, the accuracy of the evaluation was tested by comparing kinematical characteristics of both elements. Measured subject was a gymnast AD, who for the purpose of the study performed both elements. Kinematic analysis was performed with the help of APAS 3-D video motion analysis system, using a model with 17 points and 15 segments. A comparison of kinematic characteristics (movement of body centre of gravity and the supporting left hand, the amount of rotation around the longitudinal axis) revealed significant differences in a non-support phase of elements both in structural characteristics and the difficulty of the execution of the skills. It can be concluded that the placement of the “Dimic” skill in the Code of Points seems incorrect. A method used in the study could in future be used in order to more adequately place new skills into the Code of Points. Razvoj in priznavanje novih prvin  je predmet ocenjevanja moške tehnične komisije FIG glede na zahtevnost prvine. Pri tem člani komisije upoštevajo predvsem svoje znanje in tudi subjektivne občutke o težavnosti prvine. Za razvoj prvine »Dimic« je bila uporabljena metoda biomehanske modeliranja. Člani tehnične komisije so prvino  »Dimic ocenili z enako težavnostjo kot prvino \"Bilozerčev\". Narejena je bila 3D kinematična analiza obeh prvin, ki jih je izvedel isti telovadec. Kinematična analiza je bila narejena z APAS sistemom, telo je predstavljal model s 17 točkami in 15 segmentov. Primerjava kinematičnih značilnosti (gibanje telesa težišča in opora z levo roko, količino vrtenja okoli vzdolžne osi) je pokazala velike razlike v brezopornem delu tako v strukturnih značilnosti in zahtevnosti izvedbe od telovadčevih spretnosti. Glede na rezultate je mogoče sklepati, da je ocena težavnosti prvine »Dimic« napačna v primerjavi s prvino »Bilozerčev« in bi morala biti ocenjena kot težja prvina.

Purpose: The purpose of research was to determine important kinematic variables, which determine result in shot put of international level athlete. Athlete used rotational technique of shot put, which is very demanding from movement coordination point of view. Methods: With MVN Xsens dress with 17 accelerometers (data acquisition 120 Hz) we measured 36 shot puts in 3D and used 276 variables. Result of shot put was measured with IAAF judge's method. All joint and segment variables - trajectories, velocities, angels and angular velocities in all 3 axis we analysed and the differences between release moment and 0.1 second before release were calculated. Results: With series of regression analysis, we extracted the best predictors and with final stepwise regression explained 47.4% of shotput result, and what is the most important, the best predictors are low (negative) difference of angular velocity in y axe of left upper leg, low (negative) difference of angular velocity in y axe of T12 vertebra, and high difference of left ankle angle to x axe. Conclusion: Importance of opposite throw hand body side, which should be fast deaccelerated and stopped turning in order to give throw arm a rock support for its activity as an open side kinetic chain.