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BERT-Based Approaches to Identifying Malicious URLs
Malicious uniform resource locators (URLs) are prevalent in cyberattacks, particularly in phishing attempts aimed at stealing sensitive information or distributing malware. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to accurately detect malicious URLs. Prior research has explored the use of deep-learning models to identify malicious URLs, using the segmentation of URL strings into character-level or word-level tokens, and embedding and employing trained models to differentiate between URLs. In this study, a bidirectional encoder representation from a transformers-based (BERT) model was devised to tokenize URL strings, employing its self-attention mechanism to enhance the understanding of correlations among tokens. Subsequently, a classifier was employed to determine whether a given URL was malicious. In evaluating the proposed methods, three different types of public datasets were utilized: a dataset consisting solely of URL strings from Kaggle, a dataset containing only URL features from GitHub, and a dataset including both types of data from the University of New Brunswick, namely, ISCX 2016. The proposed system achieved accuracy rates of 98.78%, 96.71%, and 99.98% on the three datasets, respectively. Additionally, experiments were conducted on two datasets from different domains—the Internet of Things (IoT) and Domain Name System over HTTPS (DoH)—to demonstrate the versatility of the proposed model.
Journal Article
Zero waste : simple life hacks to drastically reduce your trash
The average American disposes of 4.4 pounds of garbage per day. What if there were a simple-- and fun-- way for you to make a difference? A zero waste lifestyle is the answer, and Shia Su is living it. Every single piece of unrecyclable garbage Shia has produced in one year fits into a mason jar! Here, she demystifies and simplifies the zero waste lifestyle for the beginner, sharing practical advice, quick solutions, and tips and tricks that will make trash-free living fun and meaningful.
Book
A study on Ti-doped Fe3O4 anode for Li ion battery using machine learning, electrochemical and distribution function of relaxation times (DFRTs) analyses
Among many transition-metal oxides, Fe
3
O
4
anode based lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been well-investigated because of their high energy and high capacity. Iron is known for elemental abundance and is relatively environmentally friendly as well contains with low toxicity. However, LIBs based on Fe
3
O
4
suffer from particle aggregation during charge–discharge processes that affects the cycling performance. This study conjectures that iron agglomeration and material performance could be affected by dopant choice, and improvements are sought with Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles doped with 0.2% Ti. The electrochemical measurements show a stable specific capacity of 450 mAh g
−1
at 0.1 C rate for at least 100 cycles in Ti doped Fe
3
O
4
. The stability in discharge capacity for Ti doped Fe
3
O
4
is achieved, arising from good electronic conductivity and stability in microstructure and crystal structure, which has been further confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Detailed distribution function of relaxation times (DFRTs) analyses based on the impedance spectra reveal two different types of Li ion transport phenomena, which are closely related with the electron density difference near the two Fe-sites. Detailed analyses on EIS measurements using DFRTs for Ti doped Fe
3
O
4
indicate that improvement in interfacial charge transfer processes between electrode and Li metal along with an intermediate lithiated phase helps to enhance the electrochemical performance.
Journal Article
Imagination and the contemporary novel
\"Imagination and the Contemporary Novel examines the global preoccupation with the imagination among literary authors with ties to former colonies of the British Empire since the 1960s. John Su draws on a wide range of authors including Peter Ackroyd, Monica Ali, Julian Barnes, Andre; Brink, J. M. Coetzee, John Fowles, Amitav Ghosh, Nadine Gordimer, Hanif Kureishi, Salman Rushdie and Zadie Smith. This study rehabilitates the category of imagination in order to understand a broad range of contemporary Anglophone literature. The responses of such literature to shifts in global capitalism have often been misunderstood by the dominant categories of literary studies, the postmodern and the postcolonial. As both an insightful critique into the themes that drive a range of today's best novelists and a bold restatement of what the imagination is and what it means for contemporary culture, this book breaks new ground in the study of twenty-first-century literature\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
CAR-T cell therapies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a brief report on the clinical trial landscape, current status, and future perspectives
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders where B cells play a key role. Traditional B-cell-targeted therapies have limitations, whereas CAR-T-cell therapy, which aims for a broader reset of the B-cell compartment by targeting B-cell surface markers such as CD19 or B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), has unique advantages. Currently, most CAR-T cell trials for ARDs are in the early stages, with 64.29% (36/56 trials) of studies being phase I trials and only 7.14% (4/56 trials) progressing to phase II trials, primarily focusing on conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). Geographically, clinical research is predominantly led by China (48% of trials [27/56 trials]) and the United States (34% of trials [19/56 trials]), although large-scale global collaborations remain limited, with only 3.6% (2/56 trials) of projects involving both U.S. and Chinese teams. Funding for these studies is driven primarily by non-leading pharmaceutical firms (75% [42/56 trials] of sponsors). Despite promising efficacy, e.g., CD19-targeted CAR-T cell therapy has induced significant clinical remission in refractory SLE patients, challenges remain, including high costs, complex production, and safety risks. Future progress requires expanding trials, optimizing CAR constructs, enhancing collaboration, and establishing safety monitoring networks, to promote the application of CAR-T cell therapy in ARDs and advance precision medicine.
Journal Article
Collective killings in rural China during the cultural revolution
\"The violence of Mao's China is well known, but its extreme form is not. In 1967 and 1968, during the Cultural Revolution, collective killings were widespread in rural China in the form of public execution. Victims included women, children, and the elderly. This book is the first to systematically document and analyze these atrocities, drawing data from local archives, government documents, and interviews with survivors in two southern provinces. This book extracts from the Chinese case lessons that challenge the prevailing models of genocide and mass killings and contributes to the historiography of the Cultural Revolution, in which scholarship has mainly focused on events in urban areas\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
miR-520h is crucial for DAPK2 regulation and breast cancer progression
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that suppress gene expression by their interaction with 3’untranslated region of specific target mRNAs. Although the dysregulation of miRNAs has been identified in human cancer, only a few of these miRNAs have been functionally documented in breast cancer. Thus, defining the important miRNA and functional target involved in chemoresistance is an urgent need for human breast cancer treatment. In this study, we, for the first time, identified a key role of miRNA 520h (miR-520h) in drug resistance. Through protecting cells from paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, expression of miR-520h promoted the drug resistance of human breast cancer cells. Bioinformatics prediction, compensatory mutation and functional validation further confirmed the essential role of miR-520h-suppressed Death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) expression, as restoring DAPK2 abolished miR-520h-promoted drug resistance, and knockdown of DAPK2 mitigated cell death caused by the depletion of miR-520h. Furthermore, we observed that higher level of miR-520h is associated with poor prognosis and lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer patients. These results show that miR-520h is not only an independent prognostic factor, but is also a potential functional target for future applications in cancer therapeutics.
Journal Article
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)
Background
Chronic fatigue syndrome
/
myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) has been emerging as a significant health issue worldwide. This study aimed to systemically assess the prevalence of CFS/ME in various aspects of analyses for precise assessment.
Methods
We systematically searched prevalence of CFS/ME from public databases from 1980 to December 2018. Data were extracted according to 7 categories for analysis: study participants, gender and age of the participants, case definition, diagnostic method, publication year, and country of the study conducted. Prevalence data were collected and counted individually for studies adopted various case definitions. We analyzed and estimated prevalence rates in various angles: average prevalence, pooled prevalence and meta-analysis of all studies.
Results
A total of 1291 articles were initially identified, and 45 articles (46 studies, 56 prevalence data) were selected for this study. Total 1085,976 participants were enrolled from community-based survey (540,901) and primary care sites (545,075). The total average prevalence was 1.40 ± 1.57%, pooled prevalence 0.39%, and meta-analysis 0.68% [95% CI 0.48–0.97]. The prevalence rates were varied by enrolled participants (gender, study participants, and population group), case definitions and diagnostic methods. For example, in the meta-analysis; women (1.36% [95% CI 0.48–0.97]) vs. men (0.86% [95% CI 0.48–0.97]), community-based samples (0.76% [95% CI 0.53–1.10]) vs. primary care sites (0.63% [95% CI 0.37–1.10]), adults ≥ 18 years (0.65% [95% CI 0.43–0.99]) vs. children and adolescents < 18 years (0.55% [95% CI 0.22–1.35]), CDC-1994 (0.89% [95% CI 0.60–1.33]) vs. Holmes (0.17% [95% CI 0.06–0.49]), and interviews (1.14% [95% CI 0.76–1.72]) vs. physician diagnosis (0.09% [95% CI 0.05–0.13]), respectively.
Conclusions
This study comprehensively estimated the prevalence of CFS/ME; 0.89% according to the most commonly used case definition CDC-1994, with women approximately 1.5 to 2 folds higher than men in all categories. However, we observed the prevalence rates are widely varied particularly by case definitions and diagnostic methods. An objective diagnostic tool is urgently required for rigorous assessment of the prevalence of CFS/ME.
Journal Article