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Schizophrenia and Inflammation Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
BackgroundSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder that involves inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to explore the field of inflammation-related research in SCZ from a bibliometric perspective.MethodsRegular and review articles on SCZ- and inflammation-related research were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database from its inception to February 19, 2022. R package “bibliometrix” was used to summarize the main findings, count the occurrences of the top keywords, visualize the collaboration network between countries, and generate a three-field plot. VOSviewer software was applied to conduct both co-authorship and co-occurrence analyses. CiteSpace was used to identify the top references and keywords with the strongest citation burst.ResultsA total of 3,596 publications on SCZ and inflammation were included. Publications were mainly from the USA, China, and Germany. The highest number of publications was found in a list of relevant journals. Apart from “schizophrenia” and “inflammatory”, the terms “bipolar disorder,” “brain,” and “meta-analysis” were also the most frequently used keywords.ConclusionsThis bibliometric study mapped out a fundamental knowledge structure consisting of countries, institutions, authors, journals, and articles in the research field of SCZ and inflammation over the past 30 years. The results provide a comprehensive perspective about the wider landscape of this research area.
Journal Article
لقاء في القرية العالمية = An encounter in the global village : قصص مختارة من المؤتمر الدولي الرابع عشر للقصة القصيرة
هذا الكتاب يحتوي على قصص مختارة من المؤتمر الدولي الرابع عشر للقصة القصيرة وهذا اللقاء الذي نظم من قبل جمعية دراسة القصص القصيرة الإنجليزية (أس أس أس أس إي) وهي جمعية عالمية أنشئت في الولايات المتحدة عام 1992 وينعقد كل عامين ويعتبر اللقاء العالمي الوحيد الذي يركز بشكل خاص على دراسات القصة القصيرة أما القصص المشاركة في اللقاء فهي مكتوبة من قبل 29 كاتبا ينتمون إلى عشرة دول هي الصين وتايوان والهند والولايات المتحدة وكندا ونيوزلندا وفرنسا وإيرلندا والنمسا وسنغافورا وجامايكا.
BOOK
Developmentally dependent reprogramming of the Arabidopsis floral transcriptome under sufficient and limited water availability
Background
Environmental stresses negatively impact reproductive development and yield. Drought stress, in particular, has been examined during
Arabidopsis
reproductive development at morphological and transcriptomic levels. However, drought-responsive transcriptomic changes at different points in reproductive development remain unclear. Additionally, an investigation of the entire transcriptome at various stages during flower development is of great interest.
Results
Here, we treat
Arabidopsis
plants with well-watered and moderately and severely limiting water amounts when the first flowers reach maturity and generate RNA-seq datasets for early, middle, and late phases during flower development at 5, 6, and 7 days following treatment. Under different drought conditions, flowers in different developmental phases display differential sets of drought-responsive genes (DTGs), including those that are enriched in different GO functional categories, such as transcriptional regulation and response to stresses (early phase), lipid storage (middle phase), and pollen and seed development and metabolic processes (late phase). Some gene families have different members induced at different floral phases, suggesting that similar biochemical functions are carried out by distinct members. Developmentally-regulated genes (DVGs) with differential expression among the three floral phases belong to GO terms that are similar between water conditions, such as development and reproduction, metabolism and transport, and signaling and stress response. However, for different water conditions, such similar GO terms correspond to either distinct gene families or different members of a gene family, suggesting that drought affects the expression of distinct families or family members during reproductive development. A further comparison among transcriptomes of tissues collected on different days after treatment identifies differential gene expression, suggesting age-related genes (ARGs) might reflect the changes in the overall plant physiology in addition to drought response and development.
Conclusion
Together, our study provides new insights into global transcriptome reprogramming and candidate genes for drought response, flower development, aging and coordination among these complex biological processes.
Journal Article
Research on the collaborative machining method for dual-robot mirror milling
To achieve the green and efficient processing of weak rigid large thin-walled aerospace parts, mirror milling systems are replacing traditional processing methods. A novel dual-robot mirror milling system consisting of a machining hybrid robot, supporting hybrid robot, and fixture is presented in this study. The cutter and the flexible supporting head are installed at the end of the machining robot and the supporting robot respectively. Because the deformation and vibration of the workpiece are directly affected by the collaborative performance of the cutter and the supporting head, the key problem is how to achieve collaborative machining by the cutter and the flexible supporting head in equal wall thickness machining. A collaborative machining method is proposed by establishing a relative pose relationship between the cutter and the supporting head. In this method, the cutter trajectory of the machining robot is generated in real time according to the end trajectory of the off-line planning supporting robot and the preset machining parameters. Next, the control parameters of each driving motor are obtained by the kinematics for the machining robot. A dual-robot endmost geometrical pose is used to obtain the machining wall thickness via contact-type online measurement for replacing ultrasonic thickness measurement systems. The wall thickness error is compensated by the machining robot for accurately controlling the machining thickness. Finally, a triangular grid is machined to verify the effectiveness of the proposed machining method in the proposed mirror milling system.
Journal Article
Emperipolesis mediated by CD8+ T cells correlates with biliary epithelia cell injury in primary biliary cholangitis
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic destruction of the bile ducts. A major unanswered question regarding the pathogenesis of PBC is the precise mechanisms of small bile duct injury. Emperipolesis is one of cell‐in‐cell structures that is a potential histological hallmark associated with chronic hepatitis B. This study aimed to clarify the pathogenesis and characteristics of emperipolesis in PBC liver injury. Sixty‐six PBC patients, diagnosed by liver biopsy combined with laboratory test, were divided into early‐stage PBC (stages I and II, n = 39) and late‐stage PBC (stages III and IV, n = 27). Emperipolesis was measured in liver sections stained with haematoxylin‐eosin. The expressions of CK19, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, Ki67 and apoptosis of BECs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence double labelling. Emperipolesis was observed in 62.1% of patients with PBC, and BECs were predominantly host cells. The number of infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ T cells correlated with the advancement of emperipolesis (R2 = 0.318, P < .001; R2 = 0.060, P < .05). The cell numbers of TUNEL‐positive BECs and double staining for CK19 and Ki67 showed a significant positive correlation with emperipolesis degree (R2 = 0.236, P < .001; R2 = 0.267, P < .001). We conclude that emperipolesis mediated by CD8+ T cells appears to be relevant to apoptosis of BEC and thus may aggravate the further injury of interlobular bile ducts.
Journal Article
Mining the multifunction of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in hematological malignancies and transplantation immunity: A promising hexagon soldier in immunomodulatory
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved innate-like T cells capable of recognizing bacterial and fungal ligands derived from vitamin B biosynthesis. Under different stimulation conditions, MAIT cells can display different immune effector phenotypes, exerting immune regulation and anti-/protumor responses. Based on basic biological characteristics, including the enrichment of mucosal tissue, the secretion of mucosal repair protective factors (interleukin-17, etc. ), and the activation of riboflavin metabolites by intestinal flora, MAIT cells may play an important role in the immune regulation effect of mucosal lesions or inflammation. At the same time, activated MAIT cells secrete granzyme B, perforin, interferon γ, and other toxic cytokines, which can mediate anti-tumor effects. In addition, since a variety of hematological malignancies express the targets of MAIT cell-specific effector molecules, MAIT cells are also a potentially attractive target for cell therapy or immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. In this review, we will provide an overview of MAIT research related to blood system diseases and discuss the possible immunomodulatory or anti-tumor roles that unique biological characteristics or effector phenotypes may play in hematological diseases.
Journal Article
Single-nucleus transcriptome sequencing reveals hepatic cell atlas in pigs
Background
As the largest substantive organ of animals, the liver plays an essential role in the physiological processes of digestive metabolism and immune defense. However, the cellular composition of the pig liver remains poorly understood. This investigation used single-nucleus RNA sequencing technology to identify cell types from liver tissues of pigs, providing a theoretical basis for further investigating liver cell types in pigs.
Results
The analysis revealed 13 cells clusters which were further identified 7 cell types including endothelial cells, T cells, hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, B cells, and cholangiocytes. The dominant cell types were endothelial cells, T cells and hepatocytes in the liver tissue of Dahe pigs and Dahe black pigs, which accounts for about 85.76% and 82.74%, respectively. The number of endothelial cells was higher in the liver tissue of Dahe pigs compared to Dahe black pigs, while the opposite tendency was observed for T cells. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes in pig hepatic endothelial cells were significantly enriched in the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, MAPK signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes in pig hepatic T cells were significantly enriched in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes in pig hepatic hepatocytes were significantly enriched in the metabolic pathways.
Conclusions
In summary, this study provides a comprehensive cell atlas of porcine hepatic tissue. The number, gene expression level and functional characteristics of each cell type in pig liver tissue varied between breeds.
Journal Article
Through-skull fluorescence imaging of the brain in a new near-infrared window
To date, brain imaging has largely relied on X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography, with their limited spatial resolution and long scanning times. Fluorescence-based brain imaging in the visible and traditional near-infrared regions (400–900 nm) is an alternative, but at present it requires craniotomy, cranial windows and skull-thinning techniques, and the penetration depth is limited to 1–2 mm due to light scattering. Here, we report through-scalp and through-skull fluorescence imaging of mouse cerebral vasculature without craniotomy, utilizing the intrinsic photoluminescence of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the 1.3–1.4 μm near-infrared window (NIR-IIa window). Reduced photon scattering in this spectral region allows fluorescence imaging to a depth of >2 mm in mouse brain with sub-10-μm resolution. An imaging rate of ∼5.3 frames per second allows for dynamic recording of blood perfusion in the cerebral vessels with sufficient temporal resolution, providing real-time assessment of a blood flow anomaly in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model.
Near-infrared photoluminescence from carbon nanotubes makes it possible to optically image the vasculature in the brain directly through the skull.
Journal Article
The Potential Roles of Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Gut Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Gut acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and is associated with high mortality. Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a group of innate-like T cells enriched in the intestine that can be activated by riboflavin metabolites from various microorganisms. However, little is known about the function or mechanism of action of MAIT cells in the occurrence of gut aGVHD in humans. In our study, multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM) was used to evaluate the number of MAIT cells and functional cytokines. 16S V34 region amplicon sequencing analysis was used to analyze the intestinal flora of transplant patients. In vitro stimulation and coculture assays were used to study the activation and function of MAIT cells. The number and distribution of MAIT cells in intestinal tissues were analyzed by immunofluorescence technology. Our study showed that the number and frequency of MAIT cells in infused grafts in gut aGVHD patients were lower than those in no-gut aGVHD patients. Recipients with a high number of MAITs in infused grafts had a higher abundance of intestinal flora in the early posttransplantation period (+14 days). At the onset of gut aGVHD, the number of MAIT cells decreased in peripheral blood, and the activation marker CD69, chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4, and transcription factors Rorγt and T-bet tended to increase. Furthermore, when gut aGVHD occurred, the proportion of MAIT17 was higher than that of MAIT1. The abundance of intestinal flora with non-riboflavin metabolic pathways tended to increase in gut aGVHD patients. MAIT cells secreted more granzyme B, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ under the interleukin (IL)-12/IL-18 stimulation [non-T-cell receptor (TCR) signal] and secreted most of the IL-17 under the cluster of differentiation (CD)3/CD28 stimulation (TCR signal). MAIT cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4+ T cells in vitro . In conclusion, the lower number of MAIT cells in infused grafts was related to the higher incidence of gut aGVHD, and the number of MAIT cells in grafts may affect the composition of the intestinal flora of recipients early after transplantation. The flora of the riboflavin metabolism pathway activated MAIT cells and promoted the expression of intestinal protective factors to affect the occurrence of gut aGVHD in humans.
Journal Article