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Background This study aims to describe our institutional experience in managing pediatric patients with PUJO associated with horseshoe kidney, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, surgical management, and outcomes. By presenting these findings, we seek to contribute practical data that may guide diagnosis and treatment strategies for this rare but significant anomaly in children. Methods This retrospective study included 10 children (< 18 years) with PUJO in HSK managed at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences between January 2015 and December 2023. Diagnostic evaluation included ultrasonography, CT-IVP, VCUG, and renal scintigraphy (DMSA/MAG3). Surgical interventions included open transperitoneal or retroperitoneal pyeloplasty with or without vascular hitch procedures. Patients were followed for a minimum of six months postoperatively to assess symptom resolution and renal function. Results The cohort comprised 6 males and 4 females, with a mean age of 8.5 ± 4.2 years. Common symptoms were recurrent UTIs (40%) and flank pain (30%). Imaging confirmed HSK and varying grades of hydronephrosis. Aberrant or crossing vessels were found in 70% of cases and corrected intraoperatively. Open transperitoneal pyeloplasty was the most frequently employed approach (8/10). Postoperative recovery was uneventful in most patients, with mean hospital stay of 4.5 ± 1.3 days. Follow-up showed improved drainage and renal function in all patients. Complications included proteinuria and hypertension in one patient each. Renal scarring was observed in 2 patients preoperatively. Conclusion Open surgical management of PUJO in HSK is effective and safe in pediatric patients. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical correction lead to favorable outcomes, including symptom relief and preservation of renal function. Larger prospective studies are warranted to guide long-term management strategies.

Aim:A variety of developmental abnormalities of the tracheobronchial tree and pulmonary parenchyma are found in the newborn. There is limited data available on their presentation and clinical course from third world countries.Materials and Methods:A retrospective review of the medical records of children with congenital lung malformations was conducted at our tertiary care hospital from June, 2014 to June, 2018.Results:This study included 30 patients with 12 males and 18 females. The mean age at diagnosis was 13 months (range 1 month to 4 years). Congenital pulmonary airway malformation was the most common malformation present in 18 (60%) patients, followed by congenital lobar emphysema in 4 (13.3%), bronchogenic cyst in 3 (10%), bronchopulmonary sequestration in 2 (6.7%), bronchial atresia in 2 (6.7%) and pleuropulmonary blastoma in 1 (3.3%) patient. The most common presentation was recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (53.3%). Lobectomy was the most common surgical procedure performed in 86.6% of the patients, followed by excision of cyst in 10% of the patients. The post-operative complication rate was 30% with an overall survival rate of 93.3%. The average follow-up duration was 9 months.Conclusion:The predominant lung malformation in this study was congenital pulmonary airway malformation. Recurrent respiratory tract infection with or without respiratory distress was the most common mode of presentation. Health education to raise awareness and emphasis on antenatal ultrasonography can avoid inordinate delays in diagnosis and treatment. Surgery is curative with good long-term outcomes.

Background Conventional hand suture techniques for intestinal anastomosis have been standard practice for decades, but the development of staplers has significantly impacted surgical procedures. Staplers, designed to simplify surgery, have been increasingly used in various gastrointestinal surgeries, including pediatric procedures. Colostomy takedown in infants is a commonly performed surgical procedure in pediatric surgery, yet the optimal technique remains debated. This study aims to compare the outcomes of linear stapler anastomosis and hand-sewn anastomosis for elective closure of loop colostomies in children. The hypothesis is that linear stapler anastomosis offers advantages over hand-sewn anastomosis in terms of operative time, recovery, and hospital stay. Aim To compare the outcomes of linear stapler and hand-sewn anastomosis in the elective closure of pediatric loop colostomies. Methods This prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, J&K, India, between 2021 and 2023. A total of 70 infants were enrolled, randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (35 infants) underwent SA (Stapled Anastomosis), and Group B (35 infants) underwent HS (Hand-Sewn Anastomosis). Both groups were matched for clinical characteristics. The primary outcomes included operative time and time to return of bowel movements. Secondary outcomes included anastomotic leaks, wound infections, and length of hospital stay. Data analysis was performed using appropriate statistical methods including t-tests and chi-square tests. Results The mean age of patients was 5.79 ± 3.23 months in Group A and 4.21 ± 3.13 months in Group B. The mean time to return of bowel movements was significantly shorter in Group A (24.82 ± 6.34 h) compared to Group B (47.56 ± 5.65 h, p = 0.05). Oral feeding was commenced earlier in Group A (2.18 ± 0.39 days) than in Group B (3.16 ± 0.37 days, p < 0.001). Both groups had a follow-up of 1.81 ± 0.98 years, with no cases of anastomotic leakage or small bowel obstruction in either group. Hospital stay was shorter in Group A (53.82 ± 6.34 h) compared to Group B (79.56 ± 15.65 h, p < 0.0003).

We present Daksha, a proposed high energy transients mission for the study of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources, and gamma ray bursts. Daksha will comprise of two satellites in low earth equatorial orbits, on opposite sides of earth. Each satellite will carry three types of detectors to cover the entire sky in an energy range from 1 keV to >1 MeV. Any transients detected on-board will be announced publicly within minutes of discovery. All photon data will be downloaded in ground station passes to obtain source positions, spectra, and light curves. In addition, Daksha will address a wide range of science cases including monitoring X-ray pulsars, studies of magnetars, solar flares, searches for fast radio burst counterparts, routine monitoring of bright persistent high energy sources, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, and probing primordial black hole abundances through lensing. In this paper, we discuss the technical capabilities of Daksha, while the detailed science case is discussed in a separate paper.