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Lentils (Lens culinaris), often referred to as the “meat of the poor,” are essential for ensuring food and nutrition security worldwide, including in Bangladesh. Despite being a staple food, Bangladesh remains heavily dependent on lentil imports to meet domestic demand. However, comprehensive economic analyses comparing domestic lentil production with imports are scarce. This study fills a critical research gap by providing evidence‐based insights into the financial and economic advantages of domestic lentil production over overseas imports, using primary data collected from 196 farmers in central Bangladesh between March and April 2022. The financial profitability analysis revealed a total cost of USD 979.13/ha, generating a net profit of USD 423.55/ha and yielding a benefit–cost ratio of 1.43. However, the economic profitability analysis indicated a lower total cost of USD 692.00/ha, with a net profit of USD 119.37/ha and a benefit–cost ratio of 1.17. Domestic resource cost analysis revealed that local farmers enjoyed a comparative advantage in lentil production. Similarly, the constructed policy analysis matrix (PAM) demonstrated that, at import parity prices, revenue transfers were positive, affirming the economic viability of domestic lentil production. The estimated indicators—including the nominal protection coefficient on output, nominal protection coefficient on input, effective protection coefficient, and private cost ratio—suggest that existing policies effectively safeguard the interests of domestic farmers. To capitalize on this comparative advantage, measures should be implemented to encourage farmers to expand lentil cultivation. Additionally, further research is essential to develop and integrate improved short‐duration lentil varieties within the prevailing rice‐dominated cropping patterns.

Floating agriculture transforms marshy lands into productive resources, enhancing food security and rural incomes in climate‐vulnerable areas. While prior research highlights its potential as a climate‐resilient practice, gaps remain in understanding the determinants of adoption and long‐term livelihood impacts. Our study addresses these gaps by examining farming procedures, profitability, impacts, and the key drivers and challenges influencing floating agriculture adoption in southern Bangladesh. Data was collected from 158 farmers using a pre‐tested questionnaire between October 2018 and April 2019. Profit function and logit regression models were applied to analyze profitability and socio‐economic determinants, complemented by qualitative methods and causal loop diagrams to assess impacts. Findings reveal that farmers employ both intercropping and monocropping, with a preference for seedling raising (156.37 USD/100 m2) over vegetable cultivation (121.56 USD/100 m2) due to higher profitability. Despite its labor‐intensive nature (73% labor costs for seedling rising vs. 85% for vegetable cultivation), floating agriculture boosts household income, meets local vegetable demand, and reduces reliance on external markets during shocks. Additionally, it provides ecological benefits such as waterweed management and reduced environmental pollution. Floating agriculture also alleviates poverty by enhancing agricultural production and generating a positive feedback loop of increased income, food availability, and improved nutrition and health. Adoption is influenced by age, experience, family size, income diversity, credit access, extension services, and market proximity. However, high capital costs, limited credit, market volatility, and biotic/abiotic stresses pose challenges. To scale up floating agriculture, policy measures should focus on financial support, technical training, cost‐effective innovations, and fostering cooperative farming. Institutional backing is crucial for promoting this sustainable cleaner production practice in flood‐prone regions of Bangladesh and similar global contexts.

Agriculture, which serves as a lifeline for us, is unequivocally vital for an agriculture-dependent economy like Bangladesh, not only for its food supply but also because of its significant contribution towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 and 2. However, in a third-world nation like Bangladesh, where farming practices largely circumvent the environmental consequences, raised our concern. In this milieu, this study is a novel attempt to explore the association between agricultural ecosystem and environmental degradation in Bangladesh using a long time spanning from 1972 to 2018. We observed a long-run association between the agroecosystem and CO 2 emission. Further, findings from the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) simulation model revealed that the environmental quality of Bangladesh is heavily distorted by total cereal production, total livestock head, enteric methane emissions, N 2 O emissions from manure application, and CO 2 equivalent N 2 O emissions from synthetic fertilizers in the short and long run, whereas agricultural technology, pesticide use in agriculture, and burned biomass crop residue deteriorated the environmental quality only in the long run. The counterfactual diagram entailed from the DARDL model projected the trend of CO 2 emission in response to positive and negative changes in the analyzed variables. Lastly, this study established a causal relationship between the agroecosystem and environmental degradation using frequency domain causality. Indeed, our study will aid in reshaping agricultural practices in an eco-friendly manner to mitigate environmental degradation and help formulate pragmatic policy actions so that agro-lead nations can thrive in the race of achieving SDGs 1, 2, and 13.

Rice Combine Harvester (RCH) has a crucial role in accelerating the rice production and technical efficiency of rice farmers around the world through reducing the harvesting time and effort. This study aimed to estimate the technical efficiency (TE) of RCH user boro rice farmers and to determine the factors affecting their technical inefficiency level. For this study, primary data were collected from 204 randomly selected RCH user boro rice farmers of haor ecosystem of Bangladesh in May to June 2023. The farm-level TE scores were estimated using the Stochastic Production Frontier approach. The return from rice production was positively influenced by the inputs like labor, seed, MoP fertilizer, and harvesting cost, whereas land preparation, TSP fertilizer, and irrigation cost had the reverse influence. The mean technical efficiency of the RCH user boro rice farmers was 0.68, indicating that the farmers had been operating below the maximum production frontier. Farmers attribute like age positively, while rice farm size negatively influenced their technical efficiency. Thus, the RCH user boro rice farmers could enhance their TE by 32% within the given inputs with the right interplay of knowledge, attitude, and decision-making. To improve the efficiency level, farmers capacity building through knowledge sharing, training, and demonstration is warranted.HighlightsRice Combine Harvester (RCH) plays a crucial role in accelerating the rice production and technical efficiency of rice farmers.The mean technical efficiency of the RCH user boro rice farmers was 0.68, indicating that the farmers had been operating below the maximum production frontier.Farmer’s age was the positive and farm size was the negative influencer of technical efficiency.The return from rice production was positively influenced by labor, seed, MoP fertilizer and harvesting cost whereas land preparation, TSP fertilizer and irrigation cost had the reverse influence.To improve the efficiency level, farmers capacity building through knowledge sharing, training, demonstration is warranted.

The present study aims to assess the impact of improved management practices on productivity, profit, and consumption expenditure of carp farmers. This study was carried out in three of Bangladesh’s top carp-producing districts (administrative units). A total of 300 carp farmers were surveyed through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed with propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability weighting (IPW), and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA). Improved management practices, such as improved fingerling variety, stocking density, feeding, pond water change, lime application, and proper drainage facilities, were considered to achieve the study’s objectives. Improved management practices were classified into simple, intermediate, and complex practices based on their complexity. Adopters of improved management practices achieved significantly higher productivity (248–299 kg ha−1) based on various matching techniques compared to non-adopters. The impact of adoption on profitability and consumption expenditure was 22% and 34% on the basis of IPW. Due to higher productivity and profit, adopters were able to spend more on consumption. Findings also revealed that adopting simple management practice is insufficient to boost productivity and profit. More research is needed to develop and optimize the improved management practices as a package. Improvement in extension services is suggested to improve the adoption.

Agricultural mechanization has the potential to greatly increase cropping intensity and production. The identification of factors that influence adoption and dis-adoption will assist policymakers in filling knowledge gaps, allowing for more successful policy implementation in Bangladesh. As a result, this study was carried out to ascertain the factors influencing the adoption and dis-adoption of rice-wheat threshers in Bangladesh. The International Food Policy Research Institute's (IFPRI) Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) data were used in the analysis. A total of 5605 households were selected to fulfill the objectives, and a bivariate probit model was employed. According to the findings, 52.41% households adopted the thresher, with 13.75% abandoning it later. When compared to non-adopters, farmers with larger farm sizes and regular extension contacts were 31% and 33% more likely to adopt. Dis-adoption analysis, on the other hand, revealed that the chance of dis-adoption was 9.3% lower for households that maintained contact with extension officers as compared to their counterparts. Demand-driven extension services have the ability to promote adoption while lowering dis-adoption. Farmer-based groups and technology-based extension initiatives can help to keep adoption going.