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The increasing demand for safe, high‐quality, and minimally processed foods has accelerated the development of innovative biosensing technologies tailored for real‐time monitoring in the food industry. Biosensors offer rapid, sensitive, and often non‐destructive tools for detecting contaminants, spoilage markers, nutrient content, and adulterants across diverse food matrices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design, working principles, and applications of biosensors across major food commodity groups. Emphasis is placed on cereal and grain products for mycotoxin detection, dairy for antibiotic and adulterant monitoring, meat and poultry for pathogen identification, and seafood for spoilage and toxin detection. Applications in fruits, vegetables, beverages, bakery products, and functional foods are also discussed, highlighting the role of biosensors in monitoring pesticide residues, ripeness, fermentation status, and nutrient stability. Furthermore, the integration of biosensors into smart packaging systems and portable on‐site devices is explored as a promising approach for continuous quality surveillance throughout the food supply chain. The review concludes by addressing current challenges—including sensor stability, specificity, cost‐effectiveness, and scalability—and highlights future directions in miniaturization, AI integration, and multifunctional biosensing platforms. Unlike existing reviews that are largely commodity‐specific or technology‐focused, this work uniquely synthesizes recent advances across diverse applications while emphasizing the convergence of biosensors with digital and smart packaging technologies. Overall, this review provides a holistic resource for advancing intelligent food safety systems through biosensor innovation and their integration with emerging digital solutions. This graphical highlights the use of biosensors for real‐time monitoring of food quality and safety across grains, dairy, meat, seafood, fruits, beverages, bakery, and packaging. Central to this is signal processing, enabling rapid, accurate detection of contaminants, spoilage, and adulterants from farm to fork.

Lanthanum cuprate (La 2 CuO 4 ) perovskite-type nanoparticles were synthesized by facile microwave-assisted combustion (2.45 GHz/900 W) for 15 min and calcinated at 500, 700, 900, and 1000 °C for 2 h. The effect of calcination temperature on the structural, optical, magnetic, and dielectric properties was investigated. The XRD studies confirmed that the perovskite nanoparticles with different temperatures from 500 to 900 °C possess a single-phase orthorhombic crystal structure of La 2 CuO 4 . In contrast, when the temperature increased to 1000 °C, the structure changed from orthorhombic to tetragonal. The average crystallite size of the orthorhombic phase is in the range of 37–47 nm. The presence of tensile strain in La 2 CuO 4 was determined from Williamson–Hall (W–H) analysis. The appearance of FT-IR bands at approximately 634 and 970 cm −1 was correlated to the La–O and Cu–O stretching modes of the orthorhombic La 2 CuO 4 phase. UV–Vis spectroscopy indicates that calcination temperature over the 500–1000 °C temperature range causes the band gap to decrease from 2.15 to 1.63 eV. The lanthanum cuprate system showed the formation of nanosized crystallized grains with pores and pore walls due to fused grains. The Magnetization–Field (M–H) hysteresis curves revealed the appearance of ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. The dielectric properties of the fabricated La 2 CuO 4 perovskite nanoparticles were evaluated at different temperatures and frequency-dependent dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity, respectively.

Metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) (formerly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) is a progressive manifestation of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease, strongly linked to oxidative stress and gut–liver axis dysregulation. Targeting microbial metabolites such as short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) through dietary interventions represents a promising avenue for hepatoprotection. In this study, we developed a probiotic‐fortified grape juice incorporating Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and its secondary metabolites and investigated its stability and potential protective effects in a cellular model of NASH. L. paracasei was cultured under optimized conditions, and its metabolite extract was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of SCFAs and other bioactive functional groups. The fortified juice was evaluated for physicochemical attributes, microbial stability, and probiotic viability over 15 days of refrigerated storage. The formulation retained acceptable sensory quality while maintaining probiotic counts above 8 log CFU/mL until Day 15, with no evidence of spoilage. To assess hepatoprotective potential, HepG2 cells exposed to palmitic acid were used to simulate NASH‐like oxidative stress. Treatment with the fortified juice extract reduced intracellular ROS levels by 48.2 ± 3.5 % ( p < 0.01) compared with untreated controls while preserving cell viability (< 20% cytotoxicity, mean ± SD, n = 3). These findings suggest that the combination of live probiotics and their postbiotic metabolites within a fruit‐based delivery system can attenuate oxidative stress and potentially restore redox homeostasis in hepatocytes. This work highlights the translational potential of leveraging L. paracasei ‐derived SCFAs as part of precision nutrition strategies for MASH management. Beyond liver health, such formulations may represent a broader platform for microbiota‐targeted dietary interventions aimed at mitigating oxidative damage and supporting gut–liver axis integrity.

Nickel-doped magnesium cubic spinel ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared through the microwave combustion method (MCM). The structure of magnesium ferrite normal spinel is obtained from XRD analysis. The average crystallite size is between 26 and 17 nm. The elemental compositions and oxidizing states of Ni 2+ doped MgFe 2 O 4 ferrites were evaluated by using XPS analysis. The morphology of spinel nanoparticles was studied using HR-SEM images. The energy dispersive X-ray method is used for ensuring the presence of elements and the band gap value 2.09, 2.02, 1.85, and 1.82 eV have been obtained using the tau’c relation. The magnesium spinel structure is confirmed in the band at 434 and 561 cm −1 which corresponds to the stretching vibration of the octahedral site (Mg 2+ –O 2− ) and tetrahedral site (Fe 3+ –O 2− ) respectively. From the hysteresis loops the magnetic features viz. H c , M r , and M s were determined. Further dielectric studies and AC conductivity of the prepared samples are performed.

In this study, a multi-layered green polymer-based packaging composite assembled by active flavonoid Kaempferol grafted with starch-chitosan was prepared, and its characteristics and effect on meat storage, including physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant capacity, were analysed and evaluated at refrigeration conditions given four treatments: CON (control- without coating), SEC (with starch+chitin), P01 (with starch+chitin + 1% of Kaempferol) and P02 (with starch+chitin + 2% of Kaempferol). The addition of Kaempferol increased the antioxidant activity of meat and inhibited the lipid oxidation until day 24 upon migration effect; also improving meat acceptability. The Rancimat induction time confirmed the stability of both P01 and P02 in the presence of polyphenols, where regular storage up to 3 weeks and accelerated storage up to 3rd day (equivalent to 3 months) were achieved, confirming it as a potential packaging module in the postharvest storage and transportation of meat.

\"Beauty is in the mind of the beholder, each mind perceives a different beauty\" famously said by writer Margeret Wolfe Hungerford. A beautiful smile is a gateway to the world. The aim of this article was to identify the criteria for designing the perfect smile. It was determined, smile design is a multifactorial process and various steps are involved in designing a radiant smile.

The creation of perovskite-based materials with a high absorption rate and a regulated effective absorption bandwidth is the top priority for the majority of applications. In the present study, the LaFeO 3 and La 2 CuO 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the microwave combustion method, exploiting l -arginine as fuel. The characterization of the prepared LaFeO 3 and La 2 CuO 4 NPs was carried out using multiple advanced techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the prepared LaFeO 3 and La 2 CuO 4 NPs to exist in their orthorhombic perovskite structure. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) peak areas are often used to quantify the elemental compositions and oxidizing states of LaFeO 3 and La 2 CuO 4 perovskite materials surface. Moreover, their respective average size of 21 and 25 nm was estimated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) technique. The infrared (IR) spectra of LaFeO 3 NPs indicated the appearance of two bands at 656 and 570 cm −1 , which can be ascribed to stretching vibration for La 3+ –O 2− tetrahedral and Fe 3+ –O 2− octahedral units, respectively. Further, associating ultraviolet (UV) with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), the band gap value for LaFeO 3 and La 2 CuO 4 NPs was found to be 2.17 and 2.13 eV, respectively. In addition, the magnetic investigations via magnetic hysteresis ( M – H ) loops revealed the ferromagnetic behavior of both the LaFeO 3 and La 2 CuO 4 NPs.

In the present work, third-order nonlinear optical parameters of lithium potassium borate (LiKB 4 O 7 ) crystal, a potential NLO material, are determined along the three crystallographic axes using Z-scan technique. The high value of nonlinear refractive index ( n 2 ) obtained along c -axis is −7.582 × 10 −11  cm 2 /W, and the corresponding third-order nonlinear susceptibility ( χ 3 ) is 4.858 × 10 −9  esu. The measured nonlinear refractive indices reveal the self-defocusing effect of LiKB 4 O 7 crystals.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare but serious condition in adults, typically characterized by a triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). While most commonly associated with pediatric populations and Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), adult-onset cases remain underrecognized, especially in resource-limited settings like India. We report the case of a 35-year-old male patient who presented with a low-grade fever, bloody diarrhea, jaundice, and dark brown-colored urine. Laboratory evaluation revealed MAHA (hemoglobin: 9.8 g/dL, schistocytes >2%, elevated lactate dehydrogenase), and thrombocytopenia (platelet count 45,400/mm³), and acute kidney injury (AKI) (serum creatinine: 0.45 mg/dL initially, with transient rise). Notably, direct bilirubin was disproportionately elevated (6.5 mg/dL), raising suspicion of hepatic involvement. Blood cultures grew ( , though stool cultures were negative. Peripheral smear, elevated reticulocyte count, and absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) supported the diagnosis of typical HUS. ADAMTS13 levels, complement assays, and stool Shiga toxin testing were unavailable. The patient also had severe vitamin B12 deficiency, raising consideration of pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy (pseudo-TMA), which was concurrently treated. He later developed non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, managed with corticosteroids and supportive therapy. He was discharged on hematinics, and follow-up at two months revealed hemoglobin improvement to 10.2 g/dL and full renal recovery. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in adult HUS, especially with overlapping features of pseudo-TMA and potential infectious triggers. The absence of definitive diagnostic modalities like ADAMTS13 testing necessitated reliance on clinical scoring, peripheral smear, and exclusion of mimickers. The elevated direct bilirubin and rare pulmonary involvement broadened the clinical complexity. Early recognition and supportive care led to favorable outcomes. Yet the inability to completely exclude atypical causes such as -associated HUS (Sp-HUS) and B12 deficiency imposes a clinical challenge. Adult HUS remains a diagnostic challenge due to its rarity, atypical presentations, and limited access to confirmatory testing in many settings. This case emphasizes the need for systematic evaluation, awareness of differential diagnoses like pseudo-TMA and Sp-HUS, and timely supportive management. It also contributes to the growing literature on adult HUS in India, underscoring the importance of clinical vigilance in atypical hemolytic syndromes.