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Stingray fish is a demersal fish commodity in Indonesian waters which decreasing in catch. The purpose of this research is to know the potential of sustainable and some aspects of Stingray fish biology by using the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) indicator as the fishing status in Java Sea. Data of catch and effort taken from production data of year 2006-2015 and primary data to know some aspect of biology is taken at TPI port of Cirebon and Tegal Specification data of fish catching tools Pari obtained from fisherman interview. The data of the catch in the analysis using Surplus Production Method (Schaefer) and observed aspects of stingray biology include: sex ratio and distribution of length of Stingray fish. The results showed the MSY value of Stingray fish was 894.275 tons / year and fMSY value of 34.716 ships / year. The sex ratio of male Stingray fish with female Stingray fish is still balanced, which is 1: 1.34 and the size of long frequency entered into the category of immature fish gonad and fish which first ripe gonad, which ranges between length 16-22 cm both male fish or female. Based on the research results can be concluded that Stingray fish catchment in Java sea still in sustainable condition.

The effects of microcapsule diet as co-feeding for early weaning phase of gourami larvae where evaluated in terms of ingestion rate of microcapsule, growth, and survival rate. The availability of tubifex worms as natural food is uncertain and can introduce pathogens to fish culture from outside environment. Therefore, the attempt to replace or substitute this natural food continues in order to reduce the level of dependence. This research used Complete Randomized Designed (CRD) with four treatments based on a different protocol feeding management. Gourami larvae should be started with the co-feeding on day 12 until day 17 and they are more receptive to microcapsule diets after day 17. The ingestion rate of microcapsule which consumed by the larvae during the period of rearing was 48.33, 68.33, and 88.33%. This study indicated that larvae started co-feeding day 22 showed highest of ingestion rate of the microcapsule, survival rate, specific growth rate and weight gain.

Photoperiod represents light manipulation to advance or delay reproduction in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). This study aimed to evaluate different photoperiod regimes against ovarian maturity of fish by examining morphoanatomical indexes. The female Siamese fighting fish underwent different photoperiod regimes, for 45 days, i.e. P1 (10h light, 14h dark), P2 (14h light, 10h dark), and P3 (ambient light as control). Morphoanatomical indexes were accessed through gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and viscerosomatic index (VSI), being corelated With vitellogenesis. Vitellogenesis was analyzed through ovarian histology preparations. Results showed that GSI, HSI, and VSI were statistically significantly different in P2 (38.25%, 24.61%, 34.93%). P1 (25.48%, 18.23%, 22.53%) and P3 (15.92%, 12.55%, 15.71%) were not different. These photoperiod regimes affected female morphoanatomical indexes. GSI, HSI, and VSI increased comparably with vitellogenesis. HSI and VSI promoted GSI at a high-level.

The effects of microcapsule diet as co-feeding for early weaning phase of gourami larvae where evaluated in terms of ingestion rate of microcapsule, growth, and survival rate. The availability of tubifex worms as natural food is uncertain and can introduce pathogens to fish culture from outside environment. Therefore, the attempt to replace or substitute this natural food continues in order to reduce the level of dependence. This research used Complete Randomized Designed (CRD) with four treatments based on a different protocol feeding management. Gourami larvae should be started with the co-feeding on day 12 until day 17 and they are more receptive to microcapsule diets after day 17. The ingestion rate of microcapsule which consumed by the larvae during the period of rearing was 48.33, 68.33, and 88.33%. This study indicated that larvae started co-feeding day 22 showed highest of ingestion rate of the microcapsule, survival rate, specific growth rate and weight gain. Keywords: gourami; feeding management; microcapsule; fish larvae; growth; survival rate. Os efeitos da dieta de microcapsula como uma alimentacao na etapa precoce de transicao das dietas do gourami larvae foram avaliados sobre a taxa de ingestao da microcapsula, crescimento e taxa de sobrevivencia. A disponibilidade das minhocas tubifex como um alimento natural e incerta e pode introduzir patogenos externos para na alimentacao dos peixes. Assim sendo, a tentativa de trocar ou substituir esse alimento natural continua com a finalidade de reduzir os niveis de dependencia. Esta pesquisa usou o metodo de Complete Randomized Designed (CRD) com quatro tratamentos baseados em protocolo diferentes manejos de alimentacao. Gourami larvae foram introduzidas na co- aliementacao entre os dias 12 ate 17, quando as larvas sao mais receptivas a dieta de microcapsula. A taxa de ingestao da microcapsula consumida pela larva durante o periodo de criacao foi de 48.33, 68.33, e 88.33%. Este estudo indicou que a larva que comecou a ser co-alimentada no dia 22 mostrou uma maior taxa de ingestao de microcapsulas, taxa de sobrevivencia, crescimento especifico e ganho de peso. Palavras-chave: gourami; gestao da alimentacao; microcapsula; larvas de peixe; crescimento; taxa de sobrevivencia.