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Sol-gel-derived biocompatible titanium oxide–cerium oxide (TiO2–CeO2) nanocomposite film was deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate by the dip-coating method. This nanobiocomposite film has been characterized using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, atomic force microscope, and electrochemical techniques, respectively. The particle size of the TiO2–CeO2 nanobiocomposite film was found to be 23 nm. The urea biosensor fabricated by immobilizing mixed enzyme [urease (Urs) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH)] on this nanobiocomposite showed a response time of 10 s, sensitivity as 0.9165 μAcm−2mM−1, detection limit of 0.166 μM, and negligible effect due to interferants uric acid, cholesterol, glucose, and ascorbic acid. The value of Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) estimated using Lineweaver–Burke plot as 4.8 mM indicated enhancement in the affinity and/or activity of enzyme attached to their nanobiocomposite. This bioelectrode retained 95% of enzyme activity after 6 months at 4 °C.

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a rare group of tumors belonging to the Ewing's family of tumors. The female genital tract is a rare site of origin and to date there are 14 reported cases in the literature. We hereby report the 15th case of uterine primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a 24-year-old multipara in the reproductive age group. A 24-year-old multipara presented with pain and mass abdomen. Physical examination revealed a pelvic mass enlarged to 20 weeks size gravid uterus, fixed, tender and hard, occupying the whole pelvis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass posterior to the uterus. She underwent panhysterectomy and debulking of the tumor. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. She developed recurrence of the tumor within a month and is now on chemotherapy.

A young patient with acute behavioural disturbance due to meningo-encephalitis of unclear cause. 38 year old butcher returned from work feeling generally lethargic and unwell. He woke up in the night pacing aimlessly around the house and developed non-specific tingling in the right leg and presented to the emergency department . A stroke code was initiated for focal deficits. The acute investigations were unremarkable including CT Brain and Angiogram. He was discharged home but represented 2 days later when his wife found him urinating on the bed at midnight without recollection of the events. No focal neurological findings on examination.MRI brain demonstrated leptomeningeal enhancement supratentorially bilaterally. Initial lumbar puncture demonstrated WCC >300 with predominately mononuclear cells. No organisms grown and CSF viral panel, fungal culture, AFB all negative. EEG demonstrated excessive slowing without any epileptiform discharges.Empiric cover for meningo-encephalitis commenced and IV Methylprednisolone for 5 days with an oral taper The limbic encephalitis panel was negative. Brucella IgM was low positive on serology and Flavivirus IgM positive but this was thought to be a possible false positive. CSF PCR for Brucella and Japenese encephalitis were negative. Completed 3 weeks of antimicrobials and a course of steroids with good clinical improvement.Notable features are the clinical/radiological findings compatible with meningo-encephalitis of unclear cause. The patient’s occupation presented challenges due to the potential exposure to atypical organisms without clear diagnostic results.We discuss the importance of occupational exposure to potential CNS infections, and need to include uncommon pathogens in our diagnostic armamentarium.

Nephrolithiasis or Renal calculi or Kidney stones transpire in 1 in 10 populace at some time in their life. Renal calculi are a general cause of bloody urine and stern pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. To locate the position, size and number of stones in the renal structure the patient is recommended to take computed tomography (CTscan). As there is rapid raise in population the necessitate of more nephrologists is essential. So, the most important objective of this paper is to afford a supportive diagnosis system to the physician using neural networks in order to envisage nephrolithiasis based on extracted features of CTscan. The proposed system incriminates with preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction by applying neural network techniques and finally prediction of kidney stone is done. Artificial Neural networks are intermittently used as a dominant distinctive classifier for errands in medical diagnosis for premature detection of diseases. Here we introduced a FeedForward Backpropagation algorithm to lessen the diagnosis time and raise the accuracy of the system. The GLCM algorithm is introduced to extort the features which are used to train the network. The proposed system uses 22 input nodes, 10 hidden nodes and 1 output node. The network is trained until it targets its desired output. This trained network is used to cart out the classification automatically for a new model. The proposed system is tested with 50 real time samples, amid them 60% are used for training the network and 40% are used for testing the network. The intended system is implemented using MATLAB 8.5 software tool.

[...]smart attendance with Real-Time face recognition is a practical option for dealing with workers on a daily basis. Asrinuhi, agonmemeti et al, in the year 2020 proposed a model forsmart attendance system with the aim to encourage the potential use of quick response(QR) code has limitations such asIf the attendance system requires some action from the instructor then the class time will be disturbed. Automatic data entry in excel sheet Once the person is identified its name is recorded in the excel sheet to mark attendance Conclusion The smart attendance using face recognization model is used to capture the attendance of students,it will be helpful to faculty to monitor the attendance of students and also their in time and out time is recorded.

Background Despite the recent development of different detection methods, better diagnostic tools are required for quick and reliable detection of pathogens. Use of biosensors for detection of pathogens is gradually gaining momentum. However, PCR amplification of DNA target is still necessary for application on biosensor for accurate detection of the pathogen. An in-house PCR using self-designed primers targeting the opa gene (GenBank accession no. PUID 9716120 SNUM 2706 Ng_opa) was performed. The generated amplicons were used to evaluate the DNA biosensor utilising a 19-mer oligonucleotide sequence (GenBank PUID SNUM: 9716119 2705 Ng_opa) as probe. Methods In-house PCR was standardised and an amplified product (amplicons) of 188 bps were obtained for positive samples. Fabrication of bioelectrode was performed by immobilising the activated probe onto pre-treated screen-printed gold electrodes. The fabricated nucleic acid functionalised gold electrode was characterised using, SEM, CV, DPV techniques. The presence of target DNA was detected electrochemically by monitoring the redox peak of methylene blue indicator. Standardisation of working conditions was done using complementary, non-complementary, one base mismatch DNA, and amplicons from standard strain of N. gonorrhoeae (ATCC 49226) & 16 clinical isolates. In addition, DPV measurements of hybridised bioelectrode with amplicons of 26 clinical samples of which 10 were culture positive, was done. A cut-off value for positives was determined by using the software STATA (version 9). Results The analytical sensitivity of PCR was 10–17 M of DNA and the bioelectrode could detect up to 1.0×10–20 M of the DNA amplicons. An 11.49% decrease in signal intensity was taken as the cut-off. Samples giving an equivalent or more decrease than this value were considered as positives. Conclusions The coupling of electrochemical detection with PCR amplification showed the advantage of higher sensitivity and increased specificity for detection of N gonorrhoeae. This may prove to be particularly valuable for the identification of asymptomatic infections and could greatly improve gonorrhoea control.

Bioinformatics is an emerging multidisciplinary area that is evolving into a discipline of high demand for research scope with the assistance of computer scientists. With the aid of computers demands them to accelerate the work for accessing the details easily and in a faster manner. The term Bioinformatics is a union of two phases Biology and Information Sciences. Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary area for research that requires the knowledge of computer & information sciences to extract the outcome to biological problems. The researchers in this field identify the biological issues in living organisms. They then try to unravel the biological unsolved issues that may be the cause of the problems. By using computational approaches also known as the in‐silico approaches. Thus, Bioinformatics is currently one among the several thrust domains of research in Computer Science & details Technology. Genomic Signal Processing (GSP) is an evolving area in bioinformatics that uses genomic data as input to perform logical analytics applying the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) procedures. In this process the protein data sequences denoted in the form of characters are mapped into digital representation termed as genomic signal. These genomic signals are further processed to achieve the biological knowledge required for the analysis. The concepts depicted in the literature of the GSP has generated prolific interest in this area. Hence bioinformatics is considered as an integrative field which includes the computational procedures for approximate and speedy exegesis of bio data. Reliable and economical techniques for distinctive hotspots identification and their respective position in proteins area unit extracting are being pursued. The evolution of hotspot identification for genomic sequences is an evolutionary progress through digital signal processing techniques, efficient identification of hotspots requires more attention and further improvements. Sequence discriminating DSP technique, initial protein sequence is to be portrayed into number sequences to remodel it in the signal form of notation. Transforming techniques are performed in spatial domain for feature extraction of the hotspot and statistical analysis is done so as to understand the performance metrics using Machine Learning concepts. The numerical representation, mapping process and transforming techniques play a vital role in the complete process.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES:Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by loss of tooth supporting structures, the connective tissue attachment and the alveolar bone. The determination that periodontal tissue destruction is primarily due to the host response has created areas of research directed at altering an individual’s reaction to the bacterial challenge. Treatment of periodontitis by means of chemical adjuncts has addressed the control of infection using antibiotics and antimicrobials as well as control of tissue destruction using various host modulators. Doxycycline has been widely used for its anti-inflammatory effect. Bisphosphonates were found to inhibit bone resorption. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of Doxycycline and Bisphosphnate (alendronate) on the endotoxin induced bone loss in an experimental periodontal disease model.METHODS:Experimental periodontitis was induced by injecting E. coli endotoxin into the palatal gingiva of 50 male wistar rats. 50 rats were divided into 5 groups of ten rats each as follows: (1) Group 1- saline control, (2) Group 2- LPS injected group, (3) Group 3- alendronate treated group, (4) Group 4- doxycycline treated group and (5) Group 5 treated with combination of alendronate and doxycycline. At the end of one week all the rats were sacrificed, jaws dissected and defleshed. The defleshed jaws were subjected for morphometric and histopathological analysis.RESULTS:Alveolar bone loss measurements revealed significantly lower values in the doxycycline treated group when compared rest of the treatment groups. However there is no statistically significant difference between doxycycline and the combination groups.CONCLUSION:Doxycycline provided the maximum reduction in the alveolar bone loss levels when compared to LPS and other drug treated groups. Alendronate was also effective in reducing the bone loss caused by LPS injection, but not as effective when compared to Doxycycline and combination group.

Diagnosis of scrub typhus, caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi , is challenging because of the overlap of its non-specific symptoms with other infections coupled with the lack of sufficient data on the performance of diagnostic tests. Early diagnosis of scrub typhus is crucial to improve outcomes and this study evaluates the diagnostic performance of various tests. The present study aims at assessing the accuracy of various rapid diagnostic tests, serologic tests, and nucleic acid amplification methods on well-characterized patient samples. Adult patients with acute febrile illness and manifestations suggestive of scrub typhus confirmed by positive PCR in the blood, eschar or tissue were characterized as cases. Patients with acute febrile illness and a confirmed alternate etiology such as culture-confirmed typhoid, smear/PCR positive for malaria, PCR/NS1 antigen positive for dengue, PCR positive for influenza, PCR/MAT positive for leptospirosis, PCR positive for spotted fever were characterized as controls with other infections. The healthy controls consisted of subjects from the same geographic region. We performed the following tests on blood samples for scrub typhus and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value: (1) Quantitative real time PCR using 47kDa gene (qPCR); (2) Conventional PCR using 56kDa gene (cPCR); (3) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP assay); (4) Immunofluorescence assay (IFA); (5) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); (6) Weil-Felix test(WF test); and (7) Immunochromatographic Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT).Among the 316 participants, 158 had confirmed scrub typhus (cases) and 158 were controls. ELISA and RDT detecting Orientia tsutsugamushi specific IgM antibodies had excellent discriminative potential with sensitivities and specificities of 92%, 94% and 92%, 92% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of IFA were found to be 95% and 74% respectively. IgM serology had a false positivity rate of 8% with other acute febrile illnesses such as dengue, leptospirosis and spotted fever due to the nonspecific binding of the pentavalent IgM. LAMP assay had 91.7% sensitivity and 77.2% specificity while qPCR provided excellent sensitivity (97%) and perfect specificity. In conclusion, ELISA and RDT detecting Orientia tsutsugamushi specific IgM antibodies have excellent sensitivity and specificity while the accuracy of IFA is suboptimal for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. Given its perfect specificity and superior sensitivity, qPCR is preferred for diagnostic confirmation in reference laboratories particularly for diagnosis of early disease with less than 7 days duration. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of all currently available diagnostic tests for scrub typhus.