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Accurately forecasting new energy passenger vehicle sales is essential for developing effective marketing strategies and supporting government policies. Consumers purchase decisions for new energy passenger vehicles are primarily driven by product value, which is shaped by various product attributes that evolve through technological advancements. In this study, we develop a product value function for new energy vehicles based on the theory of value engineering. Then, the product value is integrated into the Bass model, and an Improved Bass Model based on Product Value (IBMPV) is proposed. The experiment results demonstrate that the IBMPV outperforms the Bass, Gompertz, Logistic and ARMAX models in terms of goodness of fit and predictive accuracy, making it more suitable for forecasting new energy passenger vehicle sales. The market potential for new energy passenger vehicles exhibits exponential growth as product value improves. Furthermore, we find that while enhanced product value increases the influence of external factors, it simultaneously reduces the influence of internal factors. This study provides a quantitative assessment of the role of product value on new energy passenger vehicle diffusion and presents a practical framework for sales forecasting.

It is still challenging to achieve simultaneous and sensitive detection of multiple organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Herein, we optimized the ssDNA templates for the synthesis of silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs). For the first time, we found that the fluorescence intensity of T base-extended DNA-templated Ag NCs was over three times higher than the original C-riched DNA-templated Ag NCs. Moreover, a “turn-off” fluorescence sensor based on the brightest DNA-Ag NCs was constructed for the sensitive detection of dimethoate, ethion and phorate. Under strong alkaline conditions, the P-S bonds in three pesticides were broken, and the corresponding hydrolysates were obtained. The sulfhydryl groups in the hydrolyzed products formed Ag-S bonds with the silver atoms on the surface of Ag NCs, which resulted in the aggregation of Ag NCs, following the fluorescence quenching. The fluorescence sensor showed that the linear ranges were 0.1–4 ng/mL for dimethoate with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 ng/mL, 0.3–2 µg/mL for ethion with a LOD of 30 ng/mL, and 0.03–0.25 µg/mL for phorate with a LOD of 3 ng/mL. Moreover, the developed method was successfully applied to the detection of dimethoate, ethion and phorate in lake water samples, indicating a potential application in OP detection.

Sound velocities and densities of Al‐bearing superhydrous phase B (Al‐bearing SuB) were investigated up to 24 GPa and 1300 K by synchrotron X‐rays combined with ultrasonic interferometry techniques in a multi‐anvil apparatus. We found that Al + H incorporation decreases the adiabatic bulk modulus and shear modulus of SuB. Our results however suggest that this effect is less important than that of temperature. The presence of hydrous pyrolite with ∼10 wt.% Al‐bearing SuB in cold subducting slabs could explain up to ∼2% high velocity anomalies at the bottom of the mantle transition zone (500–660 km) while it turns into ∼7.7% low velocity anomalies below 660 km. Al‐bearing SuB is reportedly stable at mantle temperatures, where it could account for ∼12.2% low velocity anomalies beneath subduction zones in the uppermost lower mantle. Plain Language Summary Among dense hydrous magnesium silicates, Superhydrous phaseB (SuB) is believed to hold large amount of water and transport it to the deep mantle. Recent studies showed that Al can largely increase the thermal stability region of SuB, suggesting this phase may also be an important carrier of water in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) and uppermost lower mantle (ULM). Here we investigated the sound velocities of Al‐bearing SuB up to 24 GPa and 1300 K using ultrasonic interferometry combined with synchrotron X‐ray techniques in a multi‐anvil apparatus. We found that Al + H incorporation decreases adiabatic bulk modulus and shear modulus of SuB. Our results however suggest that this effect is less important than that of temperature. Based on our elasticity data, we calculated velocity of a hydrated pyrolite composition, containing up to 10% of Al‐SuB along temperature profiles corresponding to cold slab and hot mantle at the depths of the MTZ and the ULM. We found that the presence of hydrous pyrolite may explain high velocity anomalies up to 660 km depth at MTZ while low velocity anomalies appear below 660 km along cold slab geotherm. Nevertheless, low velocity anomalies are generated in the whole depth range along a normal geotherm. Key Points We constrained the Al + H incorporation on sound velocities of superhydrous phase B (SuB) up to 24 GPa and 1300 K Al + H incorporation which promoted by increased temperature significantly affect velocities of SuB Accumulation of Al‐bearing SuB can explain velocity contrast with various magnitude owing to the change of Al + H content with temperature

A series of 4-thio/seleno-cyanated pyrazoles was conveniently synthesized from 4-unsubstituted pyrazoles using NH4SCN/KSeCN as thio/selenocyanogen sources and PhICl2 as the hypervalent iodine oxidant. This metal-free approach was postulated to involve the in situ generation of reactive thio/selenocyanogen chloride (Cl-SCN/SeCN) from the reaction of PhICl2 and NH4SCN/KSeCN, followed by an electrophilic thio/selenocyanation of the pyrazole skeleton.A series of 4-thio/seleno-cyanated pyrazoles was conveniently synthesized from 4-unsubstituted pyrazoles using NH4SCN/KSeCN as thio/selenocyanogen sources and PhICl2 as the hypervalent iodine oxidant. This metal-free approach was postulated to involve the in situ generation of reactive thio/selenocyanogen chloride (Cl-SCN/SeCN) from the reaction of PhICl2 and NH4SCN/KSeCN, followed by an electrophilic thio/selenocyanation of the pyrazole skeleton.

(1) Background: Rapid on-site testing is an effective method for the detection of Escherichia coli O157: H7(E. coli O157: H7) in food ingredients and the environment. (2) Methods: In this study, we developed colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and immunochromatographic test strips (ICTs) for the rapid and visual detection of E. coli O157: H7. This study designed new specific LAMP primers for E. coli O157: H7 virulence island genes. After the LAMP amplification, the double-stranded DNA target sequence labeled with digoxin and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) at both ends was bound to the anti-digoxin antibody on the gold nanoparticles. Subsequently, it was further bound to the anti-FITC antibody at the T line of the ICTs, forming a positive test result. Hydroxynaphthyl blue dye was directly added to the LAMP amplification product. A blue color indicated positive results, while a purple color indicated negative results. (3) Results: Two visualization methods showed high specificity for the target strains. The visualization tests had sensitivities of 5.7 CFU mL−1, and the detection limit of the Escherichia coli O157: H7 in artificially contaminated milk samples was 5.7 × 102 CFU mL−1, which was consistent with the results of the standard method (LAMP-electrophoresis method) used in commercial inspection. (4) Conclusions: Both methods could be useful in remote and under-resourced areas.

In order to improve the weak optical performance of gold nanoparticles and realize the signal amplification of lateral flow chromatography test strips, individual gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were aggregated into gold nanoparticle aggregates through functional groups around polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. A signal-amplified aptamer-based lateral flow chromatography test strip was constructed for the rapid determination of ochratoxin A (OTA). Under optimal conditions, the visual detection limit of this test strip was 0.4 ng mL−1 and the semi-quantitative limit of detection (LOD) was 0.04 ng mL−1. Compared with other traditional aptamer lateral flow chromatography test strips, its sensitivity was improved about five times. The whole test could be completed within 15 min. The aptamer-based strip was applied to the detection of OTA in red wine; the average recoveries ranged from 93% to 105.8% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) varying from 3% to 8%, indicating that the test strip may be a potentially effective tool for the on-site detection of OTA.

Background This study aims to analyze the trends of premature mortality caused from four major non-communicable diseases (NCDs), namely cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes in Nanjing between 2007 and 2018 and project the ability to achieve the “Healthy China 2030” reduction target. Methods Mortality data of four major NCDs for the period 2007–2018 were extracted from the Death Information Registration and Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Population data for Nanjing were provided by the Nanjing Bureau of Public Security. The premature mortality was calculated using the life table method. Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the average annual percent changes (AAPC) in mortality trends. Results From 2007 to 2018, the premature mortality from four major NCDs combined in Nanjing decreased from 15.5 to 9.5%, with the AAPC value at − 4.3% (95% CI [− 5.2% to − 3.4%]). Overall, it can potentially achieve the target, with a relative reduction 28.6%. The premature mortality from cancer, CVD, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes all decreased, with AAPC values at − 4.2, − 5.0%, − 5.9% and − 1.6% respectively. A relative reduction of 40.6 and 41.2% in females and in rural areas, but only 21.0 and 12.8% in males and in urban areas were projected. Conclusion An integrated approach should be taken focusing on the modifiable risk factors across different sectors and disciplines in Nanjing. The prevention and treatment of cancers, diabetes, male and rural areas NCDs should be enhanced.

The hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater recharge environments along the deep-cut Haiyuan-Liupanshan fault zone (HLFZ) were investigated by major ion and isotopic compositions (δ18O and δD) of the water samples collected at 14 sites from 2016 to 2017. The Schukalev classification method, fuzzy membership function, the proportion coefficients of major ions and principal component analysis (PCA) were adopted to analysis the hydrogeochemistry, water quality, origins and controlling factors of groundwater. In terms of chemical types, the sites along HLFZ can be divided into two groups. Specifically, the Group 1 is in the north and west part of the HLFZ and the water samples are characterized by higher salinity and enriched in Na+ and SO42-, reflecting the control of evaporate dissolution in cretaceous and tertiary aquifers, reverse ionic exchange, stronger water-rock reaction and deep fluids. The higher concentrations of Ca2+ + Mg2+ and HCO3- were found in Group 2, which is located in the southeast of the HLFZ and may be attributed to carbonate weathering and the recharge of karst fissure water from ordovician dolomite and limestone. Contamination of groundwater in HLFZ is severe, with 78.6% of the sites classified as grade V, which means they cannot be used for drinking water or agriculture. The primary contaminants found in Group 1 are TDS, Na+, Cl- and SO42- and the exceedance in NO3-and pH value affect water quality in the Group 2. The 18O and δD values of groundwater in HLFZ indicated that meteoric water contributed dominantly to the groundwater and it was influenced by the water cycle and water-rock reaction. Furthermore, tectonic movement, seismicity, and the level of deformation along different segments of HLFZ are important factors in the migration of deep to shallow groundwater, and water-rock reactions during groundwater migration, which results in differences in chemical composition of the groundwater between Group 1 and Group 2. Most of the sites with higher TDS in HLFZ fall on the a higher stress state region (represented by a low b value<0.75), which reflected a possible evidence of seismic activity affected the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater.

Dechlorane Plus (DP) and Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are the halogenated flame retardant with the highest production volume, cadmium (Cd) is regarded as one of the hazardous heavy metals due to its bio toxicity and bioaccumulation in the environment, and it will cause environmental pollution and affect human health, so a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the phytotoxicity on seed germination and seedling of two rice varieties. The results showed that with the increasing of DP, TBBPA and Cd concentrations in soil, the germination rate, germination index and vigor index of two rice varieties decreased, and the germination of Number 7 rice was affected more than Number 1 rice. Halogenated flame retardants and Cd in soil significantly promoted root activity and proline, and significantly inhibited protein and soluble sugar contents of two rice varieties. In addition, the responses of the two rice varieties seedlings to different pollutants were obviously different. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in two kinds of rice was improved, and a large amount of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) was induced. But the activity of catalase (CAT) in Number 7 rice was increased under the action of DP and TBBPA, while the activity of Number 1 rice was increased under the action of DP and inhibited under the pollution of TBBPA. Bioaccumulation factors of DP and Cd were 0.025–0.042 and 6.59–14.20, bio transport coefficients were 0.39–0.48 and 0.034–0.087. There was no significant difference in the bioaccumulation of DP in the two rice varieties, but TBBPA and Cd were more easily bio accumulated in the Number 1 rice. These findings would provide some essential information for interpreting the ecological risks of two halogenated flame-retardants and Cd in plants.

Olsen phosphorus (Olsen P) is an important indicator of soil labile phosphorus. Determining the effect of fertilization on Olsen P and P fractions (labile phosphorus, medium labile phosphorus and stable phosphorus) can guide the application of phosphate fertilizer. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the changes of Olsen P and P fractions and the influencing factors under long-term fertilization. This study investigated changes in Olsen P and P fractions in haplic phaeozems soils (0–20 cm) in two 30-year fertilization sites (Harbin, Gongzhuling) of northern China. Four treatments were examined: treatment with no fertilizer or manure (CK), nitrogen and potassium (NK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), and manure, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (MNPK). The results showed that after NK application, Olsen P decreased by an average of 1.5 mg kg−1 for every 100 kg ha−2 of soil phosphorus lost due to continuous phosphorus uptake by the crop; with NPK, Olsen P increased by an average of 17.6 mg kg−1 for every 100 kg ha−2 of P surplus; with MNPK, the increase curve of Olsen P was similar to an S-curve with periods of rapid growth and periods of equilibrium. In the equilibrium period of Olsen P, the equilibrium values were 52.0 and 156.2 mg kg−1 in Harbin and Gongzhuling. After 20 years of long-term different fertilization, labile P (LP), medium labile P (MLP) and stable P (SP) decreased by 21.1, 16.6 and 15.1 mg kg−1 on average for the treatment without P application (NK), and the percentage decreases were 2.8, 5.7 and 2.1%, respectively. With the treatment of NPK, LP and MLP increased by 25.5 and 79.2 mg kg−1, and the percentage increases were 1.8 and 16.1%. With the treatment of MNPK, the increase in LP and MLP was significantly higher than that with NPK. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) had the greatest effects on Olsen P and P fractions and the total contribution rate was >40%. In summary, fertilization system caused significant changes in Olsen P and P fractions. After about 20 years of long-term combined application of MNPK, the growth of Olsen P can be kept constant. SOC and TN had important effects on Olsen P and P fractions in black soil. Therefore, the application of phosphorus fertilizer should be adjusted according to the type and time of fertilization in black soil in order to avoid waste of phosphorus fertilizer.