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"Sun, Haiying"
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Sex-specific clinical characteristics and prognosis of coronavirus disease-19 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study of 168 severe patients
To confirm the relationship between sex and the progression of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), and its potential mechanism, among severe patients. For this retrospective study, we included 168 consecutive severe patients with pathogen-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized between January 16th and February 4th, 2020, at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and outcomes were compared and analyzed between males and females. In the present study, we analyzed 168 severe patients with COVID-19, including 86 males and 82 females, and 48 patients (28.6%) were diagnosed as critically ill. Of 86 male patients, 12.8% (11/86) died and 75.6% (65/86) were discharged; of 82 female patients, 7.3% (6/82) died and 86.6% (71/82) were discharged. Eleven laboratory parameters showed significant differences between male and female patients, and six of them were higher during the whole clinical course in patients who died than in patients who were discharged. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, males with comorbidities presented a higher risk of being critically ill than males without comorbidities (OR = 3.824, 95% CI = 1.279-11.435). However, this association attenuated to null in female patients (OR = 2.992, 95% CI = 0.937-9.558). A similar sex-specific trend was observed in the relation between age and critically ill conditions. We highlighted sex-specific differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis. Male patients appeared to be more susceptible to age and comorbidities. Sex is an important biological variable that should be considered in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Journal Article
The Relationship Between Learning Motivation and English Achievement Among Undergraduate Non-English Majors in China: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Learning Strategies
English learning plays a critical role in the academic development and career preparation of undergraduate non-English majors in China. However, English achievement is often shaped by a range of psychological factors. While prior studies have separately examined the effects of learning motivation, self-efficacy, and learning strategies on academic performance, few have systematically explored how these variables interact to influence English achievement. This study investigated the relationships among learning motivation, self-efficacy, and learning strategies, as well as their mediating effects on English achievement among undergraduate non-English majors in Chinese universities. We collected 432 valid questionnaires and conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data. Results showed that learning motivation, self-efficacy, and learning strategies all positively predicted English achievement. Both self-efficacy and learning strategies served as mediators in the relationship between learning motivation and English achievement. Moreover, a chain mediation pathway from learning motivation to self-efficacy to learning strategies further enhanced the indirect effect of motivation on achievement. These findings suggest that, for undergraduate non-English majors, fostering learning motivation, strengthening self-efficacy, and adopting effective learning strategies may collectively support better outcomes in English learning.
Journal Article
Systematic evaluation of the efficacy of treatments for cesarean scar pregnancy
Study objective
Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a type of ectopic pregnancy associated with severe complications, including significant hemorrhage, the potential need for hysterectomy, and life-threatening risks. Currently, two classification methods exist for CSP: Vial (type I
a
and II
a
) and Chinese Expert’s Consensus (type I
b
, type II
b
, and type III
b
). However, these methods have limitations in guiding the selection of appropriate treatment plans for CSP. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of various treatments for CSP within our clinic.
Method
Our study included 906 patients with CSP from January 2013 to December 2018. The chi-squared test and logistic analysis were used to compare the clinical characteristics. The median and interquartile range (IQR) was calculated. We also analyzed whether preoperative application of methotrexate (MTX) could improve surgical outcomes and the relevant characteristics of misdiagnosed CSP patients.
Results
There was a significant difference in gestational age, gestational sac diameter, gestational sac width, gestational sac area, remnant myometrial thickness, vaginal bleeding and preoperative hemoglobin levels (
p
< 0.001) but not in the incidence of residual tissue (
p
= 0.053). The other factors (intraoperative blood loss, hemoglobin decline, first hemoglobin after operation, total hospital stay, hospital stay after operation, transfusion and duration of catheter drain) were significantly different (
p
< 0.001). For type I
a
and type I
b
CSP, 39.3% and 40.2% of patients were treated with dilatation and curettage (D&E) under ultrasound, respectively. For type II
a
and type III
b
CSP, 29.9% and 62.7% of patients were treated with laparotomy, respectively. There were no differences in surgical methods, residual tissue and reoperation between the MTX and non-MTX groups (
p
= 0.20), but liver damage, hospital stay and pain perception were more remarkable in the MTX group. It is noteworthy that 14% of the patients were misdiagnosed with an intrauterine pregnancy. The incidence of misdiagnosis in type II
a
CSP patients was higher than that in type I
a
CSP patients (
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
For type I CSP patients, D&E under ultrasound or D&E under hysteroscopy should be recommended. For type III
b
CSP patients, operative resection should be used. It is currently difficult to choose the appropriate treatment methods for type II
a
or type II
b
CSP patients.
Journal Article
Comparisons of the accuracy of different wake models in wind farm layout optimization
Accurate wake model in wind farm layout optimization can help extracting maximum power generation, minimizing cost of energy and prolonging wind turbines’ lifetime as well. With the development of different wake models, the wind farm layout optimization results based on the models should be updated. This paper investigates the performances of four wake models in wind farm layout optimization using multi-population genetic algorithm (MPGA) with the wind farm power generation, COST/AEP and wind farm efficiency been reported. Comparison of results between typical wake models’ performance shows that Jensen’s wake model reported a higher wind farm power generation and efficiency because it underestimates the velocity deficit in the wake, and to the contrary, in the Frandsen wake model, the velocity in the wake is underestimated, resulting in a deceased power generation. The expression of 2D_k model shall be out of work in complicated wind condition. The 2D Jensen–Gaussian wake model performed better in the wind farm layout optimization using the MPGA program which can be promoted in real-world wind farm micrositing.
Journal Article
DNA methylation biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Aberrant methylation of DNA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In the current study, we aimed to integrate three cohorts profile datasets to identify abnormally methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with NPC.
Data of gene expression microarrays (GSE53819, GSE412452) and gene methylation microarrays (GSE52068) obtained from the GEO database. Aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by GEO2R. The David database was utilized to perform enrichment and functional analysis regarding selected genes. To create a protein-protein interaction (PPI), STRING and Cytoscape software were utilized. The MCODE was used for module analysis of the PPI network.
In total, 181 hypomethylation-high expression genes were identified, which were enriched in the biological mechanisms involved in the differentiation of endodermal cell, mitotic nuclear division, mitotic cell cycle process, chromosome segregation and cell cycle phase transition, etc. Pathway enrichment showed ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Focal adhesion, Protein digestion and absorption and Amoebiasis, etc. The top 3 hub genes of PPI network were FANCI, POSTN, and IFIH1. Additionally, 210 hypermethylation-low expression genes were identified, and our data revealed enrichment in biological processes including axoneme assembly, micro tubular formation, assembly of axonemal dynein complex, cilium movement and cilium organization, etc. Pathway analysis indicated enrichment in B cell receptor signaling pathway, Hematopoietic cell lineage, Leukocyte transendothelial migration, Complement and coagulation cascades and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, etc. The ZMYND10, PACRG and POU2AF1 were identified as the top three hub genes of PPI network. After validation in TCGA and GEPIA database, most hub genes remained significant. Patients with high expression of POSTN found to have shorter overall survival, while in patients with high expression of ZMYND10 and POU2AF1 longer overall survival was identified.
The data revealed novel aberrantly methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways in NPC by bioinformatics analysis, potentially providing novel insights for the molecular mechanisms governing NPC progression. Hub genes including FANCI, POSTN, IFIH1, ZMYND10, PACRG and POU2AF1 might serve as novel biomarkers for precision diagnosis and providing medical treatment for patient with NPC.
Journal Article
Computational analysis of tandem floating wind turbines under coupled pitch surge motion comparing NREL 5 MW And IEA 22 MW
This study conducts a comparative CFD analysis of tandem-configured floating offshore wind turbines, in which the upstream National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 Megawatt (MW) and the International Energy Agency (IEA) 22 MW turbines are under coupled pitch-surge motion. Increasing pitch-surge amplitudes suppress the mean thrust of upstream turbines but enhance the thrust of stationary downstream turbines. The upstream IEA 22 MW turbine uniquely exhibits increased mean power generation with larger motion amplitudes, despite transient power losses during the downstroke phases. Compared to the upstream NREL 5 MW turbine, the upstream IEA 22 MW turbine operates at a higher angle of attack, exceeding the static stall angle, and undergoes a more severe and prolonged dynamic stall, marked by a substantially expanded flow separation zone and elevated reverse flow velocity magnitudes, particularly in the wingtip region. In contrast, downstream turbines do not show detectable dynamic stall. Although divergent wake velocity distributions are observed between the NREL 5 MW and IEA 22 MW turbines, increased pitch-surge amplitudes enhance flow velocity recovery, expanding the high-speed region and reducing the low-speed zone. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) levels in the wake of the IEA 22 MW turbine are decreased relative to the NREL 5 MW turbine, suggesting that dynamic blade kinematics associated with pitch-surge amplitudes improve velocity recovery through enhanced wake mixing. Furthermore, wingtip vortices coalesce into thicker three-dimensional (3-D) vortex rings as the motion amplitudes increase, exhibiting greater downstream bending and even advanced breakdown. In the two-dimensional (2-D) planes, the vortex stripe of upstream IEA 22 MW turbine undergoes an early breakdown, interacting with the vorticity stripe of the downstream turbine to form a meandering topology. These results elucidate the physical mechanisms that govern the flow dynamics and turbine performance and provide a foundational framework for refined aerodynamic designs, the unified similarity wake model, and improved spatial configuration of wind farm arrays.
Journal Article
Characteristics and Risk Factors of Cytokine Release Syndrome in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Treatment
Clinical trials have confirmed that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies are revolutionizing approaches for treating several relapsed or refractory hematological tumors. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is an adverse event with high incidence during CAR-T treatment. A further understanding of the characteristics and related risk factors of CRS is important for effective management. A total of 142 patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphocyte leukemia (ALL), lymphoma, or multiple myeloma (MM) received lymphodepletion chemotherapy followed by infusion of CAR-T cells. The characteristics of CRS at different time points after treatment were monitored and risk factors were analyzed. The incidence of CRS for ALL, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma were 82%, 90%, and 90% respectively. Fever was observed on a median of day 3 for ALL, day 1 for lymphoma, and day 8.5 for MM after CAR-T cell infusion, and the duration was different between grade 1–2 CRS and grade 3–5 CRS. Disease types, peak concentration of IL-6, and CRP were associated with CRS. For patients with ALL, numbers of lymphoblast in bone marrow before lymphodepletion, peak concentration of IL-6, and CRP were independent risk factors of CRS. Clinical stage of lymphoma patients and high tumor burden in marrow of MM patients were independent risk factors of CRS. In conclusion, the characteristics and risk factors of CRS in different B-cell hematological tumors are different and should be managed individually during CAR-T cell therapy.
Journal Article
CD11b suppresses TLR activation of nonclassical monocytes to reduce primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of postoperative mortality in lung transplant recipients and the most important risk factor for development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The mechanistic basis for the variability in the incidence and severity of PGD between lung transplant recipients is not known. Using a murine orthotopic vascularized lung transplant model, we found that redundant activation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and -4) on nonclassical monocytes activates MyD88, inducing the release of the neutrophil attractant chemokine CXCL2. Deletion of Itgam (encodes CD11b) in nonclassical monocytes enhanced their production of CXCL2 and worsened PGD, while a CD11b agonist, leukadherin-1, administered only to the donor lung prior to lung transplantation, abrogated CXCL2 production and PGD. The damage-associated molecular pattern molecule HMGB1 was increased in peripheral blood samples from patients undergoing lung transplantation after reperfusion and induced CXCL2 production in nonclassical monocytes via TLR4/MyD88. An inhibitor of HMGB1 administered to the donor and recipient prior to lung transplantation attenuated PGD. Our findings suggest that CD11b acts as a molecular brake to prevent neutrophil recruitment by nonclassical monocytes following lung transplantation, revealing an attractive therapeutic target in the donor lung to prevent PGD in lung transplant recipients.
Journal Article
Investigation of Floating Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimization Considering Mooring Line Constraints
Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) have become a promising solution for harnessing wind energy in deeper seas. However, the complex interplay between FOWT layout, mooring line patterns, and wake effects significantly influences the overall performance of a floating offshore wind farm (FOWF). This paper proposes a novel optimization methodology that integrates mooring line constraints into the FOWF layout optimization process. The wake-induced power deficit is considered, whereas the vortices are neglected. The new method considers the constraint areas for each FOWT, which are defined based on both mooring line buffer zones and wind turbine buffer zones. By defining constraint areas, the optimization process ensures that FOWTs are optimally positioned while avoiding interference and collisions. By carefully considering the buffer zones, the power potential of FOWFs with three-line, four-line, and six-line mooring configurations can be improved by 122%, 100%, and 78%, respectively. Then, a genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the FOWT positions and mooring line angles simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study in Guangdong, resulting in a significant 5% increase in power output potential compared to conventional approaches. This research contributes to the advancement of FOWT layout optimization and provides valuable insights for the design and deployment of future FOWFs.
Journal Article