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To evaluate the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse neonatal outcomes in women who conceived using assisted reproductive technology (ART). The National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) 2019-2021 provided data for this retrospective cohort study. Adverse neonatal outcomes included premature birth, small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia, low birth weight (LBW), and other abnormal conditions. Any adverse outcome was defined as at least one of the above six outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the associations between GWG and different outcomes, after adjusting for confounding factors. These associations were further assessed in subgroups of maternal age at delivery, paternal age at delivery, preconception body mass index (BMI), gestational age, maternal race, parity, gestational diabetes, and gestational hypertension. Totally 108201 women were included, with 22282 in the insufficient GWG group, 38034 in the sufficient GWG group, and 47885 in the excessive GWG group. Women with insufficient GWG [odds ratios (OR) = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.07-1.16, P<0.001] and excessive GWG (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.10-1.18, P<0.001) had significantly greater risks of any adverse outcome than those with sufficient GWG. In contrast to sufficient GWG, insufficient GWG was associated with significantly elevated risks of premature birth (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.35-1.48, P<0.001), SGA (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.37-1.53, P<0.001), LBW (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.37-1.58, P<0.001), and other abnormal conditions (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.27-1.39, P<0.001), and excessive GWG was associated with significantly lower risks of premature birth (OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.83-0.90, P<0.001), SGA (OR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.75-0.83, P<0.001), LBW (OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.79-0.91, P<0.001), and other abnormal conditions (OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.88-0.96, P<0.001). Infants born to women with insufficient GWG had significantly decreased risks of LGA (OR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.66-0.75, P<0.001) and macrosomia (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.63-0.74, P<0.001), and infants born to women with excessive GWG had significantly increased risks of LGA (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.44-1.56, P<0.001) and macrosomia (OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.51-1.69, P<0.001). Insufficient GWG and excessive GWG were associated with increased risks of any adverse outcome than sufficient GWG in women who conceived with ART, indicating the applicability of recommended GWG by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in this population.

This study presents a systematic investigation of the synergistic effect of deuterium and helium on the microstructural evolution of W–Y2O3 material during plasma exposure. The effect of single D/He and sequential D/He, He/D plasma exposure on the stability of Y2O3 nanoparticles and the microstructural evolution of the W matrix were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that Y2O3 particles undergo a significant size change during plasma exposure, and this process was significantly influenced by the synergistic effects of hydrogen and helium. The size evolution of Y2O3 particles is controlled by three mechanisms: the etching-controlled process at the initial stage, followed by deposition-controlled process or mixed-controlled processes. Interestingly, the fuzz structure on the surface of Y2O3 particles is proved to be W instead of Y2O3, which results from the deposition during plasma exposure. Significant synergistic effects of deuterium and helium were observed, in which the strong combination of H and He-vacancy composites suppressed the bubble formation and growth, leading to a different evolutionary dynamic.

Accurately identification of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) is pivotal for successful surgery in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of model predicting the epilepsy surgery outcomes using genetic neural network (GNN) model based on a hybrid intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) marker. We extracted 21 SOZ related markers based on iEEG data from 79 epilepsy patients. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was employed to integrated seven markers, selected after testing in pairs with all 21 biomarkers and 7 machine learning models, into a hybrid marker. Based on the hybrid marker, we devised a GNN model and compared its predictive performance for surgical outcomes with six other mainstream machine-learning models. Compared to the mainstream models, underpinning the GNN with the hybrid iEEG marker resulted in a better prediction of surgical outcomes, showing a significant increase of the prediction accuracy from approximately 87% to 94.3% (P = 0.0412). This study suggests that the hybrid iEEG marker can improve the performance of model predicting the epilepsy surgical outcomes, and validates the effectiveness of the GNN in characterizing and analyzing complex relationships between clinical data variables.

Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) and soil organic carbon (SOC) contribute to the formation and stability of soil aggregates, but the mechanism by which global atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition changes soil aggregate stability by altering the distribution of GRSP and SOC in different aggregate fractions remains unknown. We used a gradient N addition (0-9 g N m y ) in forest for two years in northeast China and then examined the changes in SOC contents, total GRSP (T-GRSP), and easily extractable GRSP (EE-GRSP) contents in three soil aggregate fractions (macro-aggregate: >250 μm, micro-aggregate: 250-53 μm, and fine material: <53 μm) and their relationship with aggregate stability. (1) The soil was dominated by macro-aggregates. Short term N addition had no significant effect on mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD). (2) GRSP varied among aggregate fractions, and N addition had different effects on the distribution of GRSP in aggregate fractions. The EE-GRSP content in the macro-aggregates increased initially and then decreased with increasing N addition levels, having a peak value of 0.480 mg g at 6 g N m y . The micro-aggregates had the lowest EE-GRSP content (0.148 mg g ) at 6 g N m y . Furthermore, the T-GRSP content significantly increased in the aggregate fractions with the N addition levels. (3) The macro-aggregate had the highest SOC content, followed by the micro-aggregate and the fine material had the lowest SOC content. N addition significantly increased the SOC content in all the aggregate fractions. (4) GRSP and SOC contents were not significantly correlated with MWD. Glomalin-related soil protein and SOC contents increased by N addition, but this increase did not enhance aggregate stability in short term, and the improvement of stability might depend on binding agents and incubation time.

This paper investigates the axial compressive behavior of perfobond rib (PBL)-stiffened double-skin composite walls with circumferential gaps. Axial compression tests were first conducted on three specimens with different gap ratios to examine the failure mode, load-shortening response and strain development. Finite element models were then developed and validated against the test results, and a parametric study was subsequently carried out to quantify the effects of gap ratio, steel ratio and material strengths on the axial resistance. The results show that circumferential gaps do not alter the basic failure mode, which remains governed by outward local buckling of the steel faceplates accompanied by crushing of the infilled concrete, but they reduce the peak resistance and weaken the post-peak response. The reduction in axial resistance is mainly attributed to the weakened steel–concrete interaction before the peak load, while the local re-contact developing after the peak contributes little to the peak resistance. The reduction factor generally decreases with increasing gap ratio and is also affected by the material strengths and steel ratio, which can be represented by a strength-ratio index. Based on these results, a simplified evaluation model is proposed by expressing the axial resistance as the intact-wall resistance multiplied by a reduction factor related to the gap ratio and strength-ratio index. The proposed model provides acceptable prediction accuracy within the investigated parameter range and should be interpreted as a design-oriented simplified evaluation approach.

Rapid bone loss after fracture elevates the risk of subsequent fractures, but the mechanisms remain unclear. IL-6, a key cytokine involved in fracture healing, is markedly upregulated during the immune response after fracture; however, its role in systemic skeletal deterioration remains poorly defined. In this study, we employed label-free proteomics to identify candidate mediators in vertebral samples following fracture. Next, osteocyte siRNA knockdown and Stattic (STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor) inhibition were used to investigate IL-6 related signaling pathways. Subsequently, indirect co-cultures of osteocyte with osteoclast or osteoblast were used to evaluate the effects of the IL-6 pathway on bone resorption and formation. Furthermore, fractured mice were treated with MR16-1 (monoclonal anti-mouse IL-6 receptor antibody) or Stattic. Then, trabecular and cortical bone in vertebrae and femur were evaluated at 4, 14, and 28 days post-fracture, including histological analysis of p-STAT3 osteocyte, RANKL expression, and bone formation/resorption markers. In vitro, IL-6 dose-dependently elevated RANKL and p-STAT3 levels in osteocyte and promoted osteoclast activity in co-culture. These effects were suppressed by Stattic and replicated by STAT3 knockdown. In contrast, co-culture of osteocyte with osteoblast exhibited no significant alterations in osteogenic marker expression upon IL-6 exposure, suggesting negligible effects on osteoblast activity. In vivo, MR16-1 reduced trabecular bone loss in the vertebrae and femur after fracture. It also diminished p-STAT3 osteocyte, reduced RANKL expression, and suppressed osteoclast activity without impairing osteoblastogenesis. And Stattic produced a comparable reduction in systemic bone loss and osteoclast overactivation. This study demonstrates that IL-6 drives osteoclast-mediated bone resorption via STAT3-dependent RANKL induction in osteocyte, thereby aggravating post-fracture systemic bone loss. And the findings highlight that modulating the IL-6/STAT3/RANKL axis and targeting osteocyte function may offer a promising therapeutic approach for preventing bone loss and minimizing the risk of fracture recurrence.

Efficient fracturing is the key issue for the exploitation of geothermal energy in a Hot Dry Rock reservoir. By using the laser irradiation cracking method, this study investigates the changes in uniaxial compressive strength, ultrasonic characteristics and crack distributions of granite specimens by applying a laser beam under various irradiation conditions, including different powers, diameters and moving speeds of the laser beam. The results indicate that the uniaxial compressive strength is considerably dependent on the power, diameter and moving speed of the laser beam. The ultrasonic-wave velocity and amplitude of the first wave both increase with a decreased laser power, increased diameter or moving speed of the laser beam. The wave form of irradiated graphite is flattened by laser irradiation comparing with that of the original specimen without laser irradiation. The crack angle and the ratio of the cracked area at both ends are also related to the irradiation parameters. The interior cracks are observed to be well-developed around the bottom of the grooving kerf generated by the laser beam. The results indicate that laser irradiation is a new economical and practical method that can efficiently fracture graphite.

Chemical dynamics trajectory simulations were used to study the atomic-level mechanisms of the OH- + CH3F --> CH3OH + F- SN2 nucleophilic substitution reaction. The reaction dynamics, from the [OH...CH3...F]- central barrier to the reaction products, are simulated by ab initio direct dynamics. The reaction's potential energy surface has a deep minimum in the product exit channel arising from the CH3OH...F- hydrogen-bonded complex. Statistical theories of unimolecular reaction rates assume that the reactive system becomes trapped in this minimum and forms an intermediate, with random redistribution of its vibrational energy, but the majority of the trajectories (90%) avoided this potential energy minimum and instead dissociated directly to products. This finding is discussed in terms of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) and the relation between IVR and molecular structure. The finding of this study may be applicable to other reactive systems where there is a hierarchy of time scales for intramolecular motions and thus inefficient IVR.

Due to the frequently changing working conditions and complex operating environment of electric vehicle permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM), the motor parameters change dramatically. However, the performance of the PI current regulator, which is the most widely used, is sensitive to motor parameters and has weak robustness, which will lead to the deterioration of motor control system performance. To address this problem, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) technology is applied to the PMSM current loop control. Firstly, the traditional ADRC current regulator is designed, and the performance and parameter tuning laws of the extended state observer are analyzed by the method of frequency domain analysis. Then, the traditional ADRC algorithm is improved in three aspects: observation error compensation, utilization of model information and anti-windup. After that, simulations and bench test validation are performed. The simulation results show that the improved ADRC current regulator is more robust in the face of parameter changes. The torque step test results show that the improved ADRC current regulator has fast dynamic response without overshoot and has high robustness when the motor parameters change. The dynamic test results show that the improved ADRC current regulator has high robustness when the load, speed and motor parameters change, and the anti-windup measures designed can effectively overcome the integral saturation phenomenon.

Patients with osteoporosis experience increased fracture risk and decreased quality of life, which pose significant health burdens and financial challenges. Despite established links between immune cell phenotypes and inflammatory cytokines and osteoporosis, the exact mechanism involved remains unclear, and further understanding is needed for effective prevention and treatment. Here, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to estimate the causal effects between 731 immune cell types, 91 and 41 inflammatory factors (which may have some overlap), and 5 types of osteoporosis. In subsequent mediation MR analysis, we assessed whether these inflammatory cytokines mediate the causal relationship between immune cell phenotypes and osteoporosis. Additionally, colo- calization analysis was performed using Bayesian colocalization. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis was performed using datasets from osteoporosis patients available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, single-cell sequencing analysis was performed, including dimensionality reduction, clustering, and pathway enrichment, to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Finally, to confirm the critical role of IgD⁺CD24⁺ B cells and IL-17C in osteoporosis, we established vivo dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis model. Micro-CT was used to assess the effectiveness of model establishment. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the proportion of IgD⁺CD24⁺ B cells within lymphocytes in the blood. ELISA and Western blotting were used to measure IL-17C levels in serum and bone tissue. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate the expression of IL-17C in bone tissue. This study found that 32 immune cell phenotypes and 38 inflammatory cytokines were significantly associated with osteoporosis. Mediation analysis indicated that IgD+ CD24+ B cells exacerbated the risk of osteoporosis by influencing the levels of interleukin-17C (IL-17C). The mediated effect was 0.07837, accounting for 15.5% of the total effect. Single-cell transcriptome analysis supported that IgD+ CD24+ B cells play a key role in musculoskeletal-related pathways in osteoporosis patients. Additionally, we have demonstrated the significant involvement of IgD⁺CD24⁺ B cells and IL-17C in the osteoporosis disease model. Inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of immunity-related osteoporosis. In particular, IgD+ CD24+ B cell %lymphocyte increase the risk of osteoporosis by modulating the levels of interleukin-17C. Our results provide evidence to support the link between immunity and osteoporosis and offer new therapeutic strategies for targeting inflammatory pathways in immune-mediated osteoporosis.