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COVID-19 is a newly emerging infectious disease, which is generally susceptible to human beings and has caused huge losses to people's health. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the common clinical manifestations of severe COVID-19 and it is also responsible for the current shortage of ventilators worldwide. This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 ARDS patients and establish a diagnostic system based on artificial intelligence (AI) method to predict the probability of ARDS in COVID-19 patients. We collected clinical data of 659 COVID-19 patients from 11 regions in China. The clinical characteristics of the ARDS group and no-ARDS group of COVID-19 patients were elaborately compared and both traditional machine learning algorithms and deep learning-based method were used to build the prediction models. Results indicated that the median age of ARDS patients was 56.5 years old, which was significantly older than those with non-ARDS by 7.5 years. Male and patients with BMI > 25 were more likely to develop ARDS. The clinical features of ARDS patients included cough (80.3%), polypnea (59.2%), lung consolidation (53.9%), secondary bacterial infection (30.3%), and comorbidities such as hypertension (48.7%). Abnormal biochemical indicators such as lymphocyte count, CK, NLR, AST, LDH, and CRP were all strongly related to the aggravation of ARDS. Furthermore, through various AI methods for modeling and prediction effect evaluation based on the above risk factors, decision tree achieved the best AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in identifying the mild patients who were easy to develop ARDS, which undoubtedly helped to deliver proper care and optimize use of limited resources.

The study of cognitive processes in English teaching methods from the perspective of HPM (History and Pedagogy of Mathematics) provides valuable insights into how students learn and understand the English language. Cognitive research in language learning focuses on the mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, and using language skills. By incorporating the principles of HPM, which examines the historical development and pedagogical approaches in mathematics education, researchers can draw parallels and apply similar methodologies to English language instruction. This paper constructed Bloom's taxonomy Fuzzy Decision Support System (BTF-DSS). Bloom's taxonomy provides information about the teacher's understanding towards the teaching. Through BTF-DSS model offers teachers provides the knowledge and expertise for effective teaching with the fuzzy model. The BTF-DSS model uses the fuzzy logic decision support system for the appropriate significant teaching and learning experience. The simulation analysis of the BTF-DSS model expressed that the fuzzy model exhibits significant performance for the English teaching method in China through the HPM process.

N 7 -methylguanosine (m7G), one of the most prevalent RNA modifications, has recently attracted significant attention. The m7G modification actively participates in biological and pathological functions by affecting the metabolism of various RNA molecules, including messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, microRNA, and transfer RNA. Increasing evidence indicates a critical role for m7G in human disease development, especially cancer, and aberrant m7G levels are closely associated with tumorigenesis and progression via regulation of the expression of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Currently, the underlying molecular mechanisms of m7G modification in cancer are not comprehensively understood. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the potential function of m7G modifications in cancer and discuss future m7G-related diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Metastatic cancer cells can develop anoikis resistance in the absence of substrate attachment and survive to fight tumors. Anoikis is mediated by endogenous mitochondria-dependent and exogenous death receptor pathways, and studies have shown that caspase-8-dependent external pathways appear to be more important than the activity of the intrinsic pathways. This paper reviews the regulation of anoikis by external pathways mediated by death receptors. Different death receptors bind to different ligands to activate downstream caspases. The possible mechanisms of Fas-associated death domain (FADD) recruitment by Fas and TNF receptor 1 associated-death domain (TRADD) recruitment by tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), and DR4- and DR5-associated FADD to induce downstream caspase activation and regulate anoikis were reviewed. This review highlights the possible mechanism of the death receptor pathway mediation of anoikis and provides new insights and research directions for studying tumor metastasis mechanisms. 9w_3dtXFY6CUXRSJ-7gGif Video Abstract

Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been tested in various clinical trials in cancer treatment but the patterns of specific T cell response to personalized TAA immunization remains to be fully understood. We report antigen-specific T cell responses in patients immunized with dendritic cell vaccines pulsed with personalized TAA panels. Tumor samples from patients were first analyzed to identify overexpressed TAAs. Autologous DCs were then transfected with pre-manufactured mRNAs encoding the full-length TAAs, overexpressed in the patients' tumors. Patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or advanced lung cancer received DC vaccines transfected with personalized TAA panels, in combination with low-dose cyclophosphamide, poly I:C, imiquimod and anti-PD-1 antibody. Antigen-specific T cell responses were measured. Safety and efficacy were evaluated. A total of ten patients were treated with DC vaccines transfected with personalized TAA panels containing 3–13 different TAAs. Among the seven patients tested for anti-TAA T cell responses, most of the TAAs induced antigen-specific CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cell responses, regardless of their expression levels in the tumor tissues. No Grade III/IV adverse events were observed among these patients. Furthermore, the treated patients were associated with favorable overall survival when compared to patients who received standard treatment in the same institution. Personalized TAA immunization-induced-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses without obvious autoimmune adverse events and was associated with favorable overall survival. These results support further studies on DC immunization with personalized TAA panels for combined immunotherapeutic regimens in solid tumor patients.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02709616 (March, 2016), NCT02808364 (June 2016), NCT02808416 (June, 2016).

Engineering, controlling, and simulating quantum dynamics is a strenuous task. However, these techniques are crucial to develop quantum technologies, preserve quantum properties, and engineer decoherence. Earlier results have demonstrated reservoir engineering, construction of a quantum simulator for Markovian open systems, and controlled transition from Markovian to non-Markovian regime. Dephasing is an ubiquitous mechanism to degrade the performance of quantum computers. However, all-purpose quantum simulator for generic dephasing is still missing. Here, we demonstrate full experimental control of dephasing allowing us to implement arbitrary decoherence dynamics of a qubit. As examples, we use a photon to simulate the dynamics of a qubit coupled to an Ising chain in a transverse field and also demonstrate a simulation of nonpositive dynamical map. Our platform opens the possibility to simulate dephasing of any physical system and study fundamental questions on open quantum systems. The study of dephasing dynamics have wide implications for understanding open systems evolutions and in particular decoherence of qubits. Here, the authors implement arbitrary qubit decoherence dynamics in a photonic simulator, also capable of implementing non-positive dynamical maps.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to the damages to the liver and its functions due to alcohol overconsumption. It consists of fatty liver/steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, steatohepatitis, chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease are extremely complicated due to the involvement of immune cells, adipose tissues, and genetic diversity. Clinically, the diagnosis of ALD is not yet well developed. Therefore, the number of patients in advanced stages has increased due to the failure of proper early detection and treatment. At present, abstinence and nutritional therapy remain the conventional therapeutic interventions for ALD. Moreover, the therapies which target the TNF receptor superfamily, hormones, antioxidant signals, and MicroRNAs are used as treatments for ALD. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are gaining attention as a potential therapeutic target of ALD. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the current understandings of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of ALD. Moreover, we also discuss the various existing treatment strategies while focusing on promising therapeutic approaches for ALD.

Growing evidence shows a significant association between intestinal flora and allergic diseases, specifically atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and allergic asthma (AA). However, the causality has not yet been clarified. We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis to study the causal relationships between intestinal flora classification and AD, AR, or AA. We obtained summary data of intestinal flora, AD, AR, and AA from a genome-wide association research. The inverse-variance weighted method is the primary method for analyzing causality in the TSMR analysis. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the stability of TSMR results. Reverse TSMR analysis was also performed to assess whether there was a reverse causality. A total of 7 bacterial taxa associated with AD, AR, and AA were identified by the current TSMR analysis. Specifically, the genus Dialister( =0.034)and genus Prevotella( =0.047)were associated with a higher risk of AD, whereas class Coriobacteriia ( =0.034) and its child taxon, order Coriobacteriales ( =0.034) and family Coriobacteriaceae ( =0.034), all had a protective effect on AR. In addition, the family Victivallaceae ( =0.019) was identified as a risk factor for AR. We also noticed a positive association between the genus Holdemanella ( =0.046) and AA. The reverse TSMR analysis didn't suggest any evidence of reverse causality from allergic diseases to the intestinal flora. We confirmed the causal relationship between intestinal flora and allergic diseases and provided an innovative perspective for research on allergic diseases: targeted regulation of dysregulation of specific bacterial taxa to prevent and treat AD, AR, and AA.

This article is dedicated to providing a detailed review concerning the SPH-based hydrodynamic simulations for ocean energy devices (OEDs). Attention is particularly focused on three topics that are tightly related to the concerning field, covering (1) SPH-based numerical fluid tanks, (2) multi-physics SPH techniques towards simulating OEDs, and finally (3) computational efficiency and capacity. In addition, the striking challenges of the SPH method with respect to simulating OEDs are elaborated, and the future prospects of the SPH method for the concerning topics are also provided.

In recent years, non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology has been extensively applied in medical, environmental, biological, and agricultural fields. The sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) is valued by farmers as a relatively common, economically valuable agricultural crop. In this study, our purpose was to use NTP technology to identify suitable conditions to promote sunflower seed germination and seedling growth, and to elucidate the mechanism of action. Our research found that 16.8 kV treatment for 15 s had the greatest effect on seed germination and growth in Chinese sunflower seeds. Interestingly, American sunflower seeds were not sensitive to this treatment. NTP treatment increased the concentration of solubilized protein, antioxidant enzyme activity and expression, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. It also upregulated ATPa2, ATPb1–3, the target of rapamycin (TOR), and growth-regulating factors (GRF) 1–3 and 6, while it downregulated ATPMI25 mRNA expression in 14-day-old sunflower leaves. These results indicate that argon NTP promoted sunflower seed germination and growth by regulating superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), ATP, TOR, and GRFs. Transcriptome analysis showed that various key genes are involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucoronate interconversions, DNA replication, and plant hormone signal transduction. Our analysis provides comprehensive gene expression information at the transcriptional level, which lays the foundation for further analysis of the function of candidate genes required for the development and growth of sunflower, and contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of sunflower growth.