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The skeleton is a highly innervated organ in which nerve fibers interact with various skeletal cells. Peripheral nerve endings release neurogenic factors and sense skeletal signals, which mediate bone metabolism and skeletal pain. In recent years, bone tissue engineering has increasingly focused on the effects of the nervous system on bone regeneration. Simultaneous regeneration of bone and nerves through the use of materials or by the enhancement of endogenous neurogenic repair signals has been proven to promote functional bone regeneration. Additionally, emerging information on the mechanisms of skeletal interoception and the central nervous system regulation of bone homeostasis provide an opportunity for advancing biomaterials. However, comprehensive reviews of this topic are lacking. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the relationship between nerves and bone regeneration, focusing on tissue engineering applications. We discuss novel regulatory mechanisms and explore innovative approaches based on nerve–bone interactions for bone regeneration. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of this field are briefly discussed.

Face anti-spoofing detection is crucial for identity verification and security monitoring. However, existing single-modal models struggle with feature extraction under complex lighting conditions and background variations. Moreover, the feature distributions of live and spoofed samples often overlap, resulting in suboptimal classification performance. To address these issues, we propose a jointly optimized framework integrating the Enhanced Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism and the Intra-Class Differentiator (ICD). The ECA module extracts features through deep convolution, while the Bottleneck Reconstruction Module (BRM) employs a channel compression–expansion mechanism to refine spatial feature selection. Furthermore, the channel attention mechanism enhances key channel representation. Meanwhile, the ICD mechanism enforces intra-class compactness and inter-class separability, optimizing feature distribution both within and across classes, thereby improving feature learning and generalization performance. Experimental results show that our framework achieves average classification error rates (ACERs) of 2.45%, 1.16%, 1.74%, and 2.17% on the CASIA-SURF, CASIA-SURF CeFA, CASIA-FASD, and OULU-NPU datasets, outperforming existing methods.

Background The traditional freehand placement of frame screws (infra-acetabular, IAS; posterior column screw, PCS) is difficult due to narrow osseous corridors, risking joint penetration and neurovascular damage. We hypothesize that robot-assisted placement could reduce iatrogenic injuries, improve surgical efficiency, and make the process safer and more precise. This study aims to assess the surgical and clinical outcomes of using robot-assisted frame screws for complex acetabular fractures versus the freehand method. Methods From April 2020 to July 2023, 45 patients with complex acetabular fractures who received surgical treatment in our department were included in a retrospective analysis. The 45 patients were sorted into two groups, A (robot-assisted, n  = 21) and B (freehand, n  = 24), based on the frame screws placement methods. Blood loss, surgical time, frame screws placement time and accuracy, number of fluoroscopies and guide pin adjustments, incision length, fracture reduction quality, hip function and complications were compared between the two groups. Results Compared to the patients in group B, those in group A had significantly shorter surgical time (-26 min) and frame screws placement time (-21 min), lower blood loss (-125 ml), fewer guide pin adjustments (-8) and fluoroscopies (-24), as well as higher frame screws placement perfect rate (+ 13%). There were no significant differences in the quality of fracture reduction and hip function between the two groups. The iatrogenic neurovascular injury rate was lower in group A (4.8%) compared to group B (12.5%), and the incision length was shorter by 1 cm in group A, yet neither difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Robot-assisted frame screws placement is a safe and precise method for managing complex acetabular fractures, especially for those with narrow osseous corridors or poor general condition. It surpasses the traditional freehand technique by reducing blood loss, shortening placement time, increasing the precision, and minimizing guide pin adjustments and fluoroscopies.

Background China has experienced rapid socioeconomic, and health transitions over the last four decades, and urban–rural disparities are becoming increasingly apparent. Research on depression among rural and urban students can provide evidence on the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and adolescent depression. Methods We examined the association between sociodemographic characteristics and adolescent depression among 3605 students from Wuhan city and Jianli county that was recruited from the local junior middle school via a cross-sectional study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the sociodemographic characteristics of adolescent depression in urban and rural areas, respectively. Nomograms were constructed to calculate individual depression risk of junior middle school students. Results 32.47% of rural students and 35.11% of urban students display depressive symptoms. The protective factors of depression in urban students are exercise habit, younger, key class, better academic achievement and males, while Left-behind children (LBC), poor academic achievement and females had higher depression risk in rural area. Two nomograms were constructed to screen the adolescent depression in urban and rural junior middle school students, respectively. The clinical tools were well calibrated. Conclusion The field-based research examined sociodemographic characteristics potentially associated with adolescent depression and offered an effective and convenient tool of individualized depression risk evaluation for junior middle school students. Future longitudinal epidemiologic research on adolescent depression may help to further validate the discovery of present study, which will support developing policies and practices to minimize the factors of adolescent depression.

Background Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric complications after stroke. Studies on the underlying mechanisms and biological markers of sex differences in PSD are of great significance, but there are still few such studies. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the association of biomarkers with PSD at 3 months after minor stroke in men and women. Methods This was a prospective multicenter cohort study that enrolled 530 patients with minor stroke (males, 415; females, 115). Demographic information and blood samples of patients were collected within 24 h of admission, and followed up at 3 months after stroke onset. PSD was defined as a depressive disorder due to another medical condition with depressive features, major depressive-like episode, or mixed-mood features according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V). Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, or t-test. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to distinguish between patients with and without PSD. Factors with variable importance for projection (VIP) > 1.0 were classified as the most important factors in the model segregation. Results The PLS-DA model mainly included component 1 and component 2 for males and females. For males, the model could explain 13% and 16.9% of the variables, respectively, and 29.9% of the variables in total; the most meaningful predictors were exercise habit and fibrinogen level. For females, the model could explain 15.7% and 10.5% of the variables, respectively, and 26.2% of the variables in total; the most meaningful predictors in the model were brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), magnesium and free T3. Fibrinogen was positively correlated with the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 items (HAMD-17) score. BDNF, magnesium, and free T3 levels were negatively correlated with the HAMD-17 score. Conclusions This was a prospective cohort study. The most important markers found to be affecting PSD at 3 months were fibrinogen in males, and free T3, magnesium, and BDNF in females. Trial registration ChiCTR-ROC-17013993 .

Background Due to the patella’s thin overlying skin, metal implants frequently cause local discomfort that necessitates removal. This study aimed to evaluate the intraoperative and early postoperative outcomes of treating comminuted patellar fractures using non-absorbable sutures as the sole internal fixation method via the Nice knot technique. Methods This retrospective study reviewed 25 patients with unilateral closed comminuted patellar fractures who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using either non-absorbable sutures tied with a Nice knot (NK group, n  = 12) or the traditional tension band technique (TB group, n  = 13). Intraoperative surgical time and blood loss were recorded. Postoperative clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, knee range of motion (ROM), and the Böstman scoring system. Radiographic assessments were conducted to evaluate fracture healing. Complications, including infection, implant loosening, and discomfort or irritation, were also documented. Results Although the intraoperative surgical time was slightly longer in the NK group compared to the TB group, the difference was not statistically significant. The difference in blood loss between the NK and TB groups was also not statistically significant. No cases of bone non-union, implant loosening, or internal fixation failure were observed in either group during the follow-up period. One patient in the TB group developed a wound infection one week postoperatively. At the final follow-up, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of VAS scores, knee range of motion (ROM), or Böstman scores. However, in the TB group, five patients reported notable discomfort or irritation caused by the internal fixation. Conclusion Compared with traditional tension band fixation, the Nice knot technique reduces soft tissue irritation, avoids implant removal surgery, potentially lowers postoperative infection rates, and achieves comparable fracture healing time and knee function. However, broader validation through multi-center studies is required.

Poststroke depression (PSD) is a common complication of stroke. Brain network disruptions caused by stroke are potential biological determinants of PSD but their conclusive roles are unavailable. Our study aimed to identify the strategic structural disconnection (SDC) pattern for PSD at three months poststroke and assess the predictive value of SDC information. Our prospective cohort of 697 first-ever acute ischemic stroke patients were recruited from three hospitals in central China. Sociodemographic, clinical, psychological and neuroimaging data were collected at baseline and depression status was assessed at three months poststroke. Voxel-based disconnection-symptom mapping found that SDCs involving bilateral temporal white matter and posterior corpus callosum, as well as white matter next to bilateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex, were associated with PSD. This PSD-specific SDC pattern was used to derive SDC scores for all participants. SDC score was an independent predictor of PSD after adjusting for all imaging and clinical-sociodemographic-psychological covariates (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.07, 1.48; P  = 0.006). Split-half replication showed the stability and generalizability of above results. When added to the clinical-sociodemographic-psychological prediction model, SDC score significantly improved the model performance and ranked the highest in terms of predictor importance. In conclusion, a strategic SDC pattern involving multiple lobes bilaterally is identified for PSD at 3 months poststroke. The SDC score is an independent predictor of PSD and may improve the predictive performance of the clinical-sociodemographic-psychological prediction model, providing new evidence for the brain-behavior mechanism and biopsychosocial theory of PSD.

Autonomous landing is one of the key technologies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which can improve task flexibility in various fields. In this paper, a vision-based autonomous landing strategy is proposed for a quadrotor micro-UAV based on a novel camera view angle conversion method, fast landing marker detection, and an autonomous guidance approach. The front-view camera of the micro-UAV video is first modified by a new strategy to obtain a top-down view. By this means, the landing marker can be captured by the onboard camera of the micro-UAV and is then detected by the YOLOv5 algorithm in real time. The central coordinate of the landing marker is estimated and used to generate the guidance commands for the flight controller. After that, the guidance commands are sent by the ground station to perform the landing task of the UAV. Finally, the flight experiments using DJI Tello UAV are conducted outdoors and indoors, respectively. The original UAV platform is modified using the proposed camera view angle-changing strategy so that the top-down view can be achieved for performing the landing mission. The experimental results show that the proposed landing marker detection algorithm and landing guidance strategy can complete the autonomous landing task of the micro-UAV efficiently.

BackgroundClinical evidence of the potential influence of stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) for patients with large ischemic stroke whether or not receiving endovascular therapy is not clear.MethodsThis study was a subanalysis of a prospective, multicenter registry, and included 745 patients with large ischemic stroke across 38 centers in China. A total of 427 patients were included in this study, with 285 received endovascular therapy (EVT) and 142 received standard medical therapy (SMT). SHR was defined as glucose (mmol/L)/(1.59 × HbA1C)–2.59. The primary outcome was a moderate neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤3) at 90 days.ResultsA significant interaction was observed between SHR and whether received EVT (p=0.017). Among patients who received EVT (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.46; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.92; p=0.029), patients in the highest tertile of SHR were significantly less likely to achieve a moderate neurological outcome at 90 days compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, this association was not observed in patients receiving SMT (aOR 2.46; 95% CI 0.74 to 8.21; p=0.142). EVT patients with higher SHR had a significantly higher incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage compared with lower SHR (aOR 3.29; 95% CI 1.08 to 10.06; p=0.036), while such an association was not observed in the SMT group (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 0.56 to 4.12; p=0.410).ConclusionsIn patients with large ischemic stroke treated with EVT, SHR is associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving a moderate neurological outcome, as well as an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100051664.