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Digital transformation and AI-enabled learning analytics are reshaping higher education, and wearable-enabled analytics are increasingly used in embodied curricula such as university physical education (PE), but empirical evidence linking these systems to physical literacy remains limited. This study investigates how AI-enabled learning analytics use (wearable-derived dashboards and automated alerts) in smart PE relate to students’ physical literacy and learning engagement, and tests whether perceived smart teaching quality and personalised feedback mediate these associations within an established human-centred learning analytics perspective. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design combined a survey of 1,182 students from four Chinese universities with semi-structured interviews with 12 students and six staff members. Structural equation modelling showed that analytics use was associated with perceived smart teaching quality (β = 0.47, p < .001) and personalised feedback (β = 0.39, p < .001), which were in turn related to physical literacy (β = 0.28 and β = 0.36, respectively, p < .001) and learning engagement (β = 0.24 and β = 0.31, respectively, p < .001); direct paths from analytics use to physical literacy (β = 0.06, p = .080) and engagement (β = 0.05, p = .110) were small and not statistically significant, while bias-corrected bootstrap mediation estimates (5,000 resamples) indicated that the association operated primarily through teaching and feedback processes. Thematic analysis showed that students and instructors experienced analytics both as a “mirror and coach” and as a source of pressure, fairness concerns and heightened bodily visibility, with system reliability, assessment regimes and data literacy shaping these interpretations. Overall, the findings suggest that AI-enabled analytics are more consistently linked with physical literacy and engagement through pedagogical and feedback processes rather than through data exposure alone. By applying and testing established human-centred learning analytics mechanisms in a compulsory university PE setting, the study provides mixed-methods evidence to inform the design of smart PE initiatives that support physical literacy in higher education. Because the survey data are cross-sectional and self-reported, common-method bias cannot be fully ruled out and findings should be interpreted as associations rather than causal effects.

Background There are no reports on the incidence of chronic mercury poisoning in a large population in China. This study investigated the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and follow-up of Chinese patients with chronic mercury poisoning. Methods Data for 288 mercury poisoning patients were collected at our hospital from July 2014 to September 2019, including sex, age, admission time, blood mercury content, urine mercury content, creatinine, urinary mercury/creatinine ratio, 24-h urinary protein levels, electromyography (EMG) findings, renal biopsy, and follow-up. Patient characteristics were evaluated by statistical and correlation analyses. Results First, mercury poisoning in China mainly occurred through occupational exposure and the inappropriate use of mercury-containing cosmetics and Chinese folk remedies (CFRs). Second, the most common symptoms were nervous system (50.3 %), kidney (16.4 %) and breathing (8.0 %). Mercury poisoning-induced Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and peripheral neuropathy are common long-term complications. The complications of occupational and cosmetics-induced mercury poisoning are consistent with international belief. However, the NS caused by CFRs is mainly membranous nephropathy and the probability of peripheral neuropathy caused by CFRs is higher than other pathogens. Third, follow-up data shows that 13 patients with EMG-confirmed neurological injury, 10 showed full recovery after 38.50 ± 8.03 months. Furthermore, among 18 patients with NS, 15 had normal urine protein and serum albumin levels after 22.67 ± 10.26 months. Conclusions Regulation of skin-lightening cosmetic products, safety surveillance of CFRs, and prevention and control of occupational exposure must be improved to decrease the incidence of mercury poisoning in China.

Peptide self-assembly is a hierarchical process, often starting with the formation of α-helices, β-sheets or β-hairpins. However, how the secondary structures undergo further assembly to form higher-order architectures remains largely unexplored. The polar zipper originally proposed by Perutz is formed between neighboring β-strands of poly-glutamine via their side-chain hydrogen bonding and helps to stabilize the sheet. By rational design of short amphiphilic peptides and their self-assembly, here we demonstrate the formation of polar zippers between neighboring β-sheets rather than between β-strands within a sheet, which in turn intermesh the β-sheets into wide and flat ribbons. Such a super-secondary structural template based on well-defined hydrogen bonds could offer an agile route for the construction of distinctive nanostructures and nanomaterials beyond β-sheets. Peptide self-assembly is a hierarchical process which includes forming β-sheets but the formation of high ordered structures remains largely unexplored. Here the authors report on a super-secondary structural template, based on well-defined hydrogen bonds by rational design and assembly of short peptides

ObjectivesCarbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most frequent causes of fatal poisoning worldwide. Few studies have explored the mortality trends of CO poisoning grouped by age and gender, at the regional, national and global levels. We therefore aimed to determine the pattern of CO poisoning mortality, as well as temporal trends at all levels.DesignA cross-sectional survey design was used in this study.SettingCO poisoning data collected from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBDs), from 1990 to 2017, was arranged by sex, age, region and country. In addition, we used human development index data at the national level from the World Bank.ParticipantsWe collected over 100 000 information on CO poisoning mortality between 1990 and 2017, derived from the GBD study in 2017.Main outcomes and measuresWe have calculated the estimated annual percentage changes in CO poisoning age-standardised mortality rate (ASR), by sex and age at different regions and countries to quantify the temporal trends in CO poisoning ASR.ResultsGlobally, death cases of CO poisoning decreased 7.2% from 38 210 in 1990 to 35 480 in 2017. The overall ASR decreased by an average of 1.83% (95% CI 2.10% to 1.56%) per year in this period. This decreasing pattern was heterogeneous across ages, regions and countries. The most pronounced decreases were generally observed in countries with a high sociodemographic index, including Estonia, South Korea and Puerto Rico.ConclusionsCurrent prevention strategies should be reoriented, and much more targeted and specific strategies should be established in some countries to forestall CO poisoning.

Aimed at achieving stable operation of mixed flow pumps, circumferential grooves casing treatment is adopted and its effect on stability expansion is investigated. The design speed and flow rate of the studied mixed flow pump are 980 r/min and 1500 m 2 /h, respectively. Single groove and three grooves are applied in three different positions, and the comparative study is carried out through numerical simulation based on CFD software NUMECA. The results manifest that, through circumferential grooves casing treatment, the flow range of the mixed flow pump is effectively expanded. The treatment effect of three grooves at each position is better than that of single groove, and it is not linearly enhanced. There is an optimal treatment position above the top of the impeller, which is near the leading edge of the blade. Due to the improvement of the leading-edge overflow, the effect of stability expansion gradually deteriorates as the position moves back to the trailing edge. Heads are increased both with single groove and three-groove treatment near the stall point, while efficiency only rises at the leading edge. It is also found that, through the circumferential grooves casing treatment, the pressure difference between the two sides of the blade makes the tip leakage flow into the grooves, then converge into the main stream by circumferential transport, which alleviates the pump stall caused by the congestion of the tip leakage flow, also prevents the tip leakage from becoming a leakage vortex, which will affect the operating stability of the mixed flow pump. This work provides reference for the investigation on circumferential grooves casing treatment for stability expansion of mixed flow pumps.

Background Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and induces mitochondrial dysfunction in host cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs)—a novel class of non-coding RNAs—have been implicated in various biological processes and pathologies related to mitochondrial damage. However, their role in IBRV-induced mitochondrial damage in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells remains unclear. Results Transmission electron microscopy(TEM), laser confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry confirmed that IBRV infection causes mitochondrial damage in MDBK cells. High-throughput sequencing revealed 144 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, 725 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and 160 microRNAs (miRNAs) in IBRV-infected cells. We predicted that DE circRNAs regulate mitochondrial damage via source genes of circRNA, circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Source genes of circRNA were enriched in mitochondria-related pathways, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), thyroid hormone, and Hippo signalling; 11 genes were localized to mitochondria. CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA network target genes were associated with cellular senescence, mitophagy, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis; 471 genes were linked to mitochondria. Additionally, 961 RBPs were enriched in pathways, such as nucleocytoplasmic transport and RNA degradation; 107 RBPs were localized to mitochondria. Functional validation revealed knockdown of circ_002584 reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation ( p  < 0.05) and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization ( p  < 0.05). Knockdown of circ_004326 increased both ( p  < 0.01). Conclusions CircRNAs play a regulatory role in IBRV-induced mitochondrial damage within MDBK cells. This finding is significant for virus-associated mitochondrial damage research, forming a theoretical foundation for utilizing circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for IBR.

Background Arctium lappa L. is a medicinal edible homologous plant, commonly known as burdock or bardana, which belongs to the Asteraceae family and is abundant all over the world. Genetic diversity assessment is essential for A. lappa germplasm resource conservation and breeding. The assessment techniques include morphological, biochemical, and DNA marker analysis. However, the limited number of available DNA markers is insufficient to conduct related genetic diversity assessment studies. Results In this study, we conducted RNA sequencing of the A. lappa cultivar 'Yanagikawa Ideal' and developed SSR markers to characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of 56 A. lappa accessions and 8 wild relative accessions. A total of 4,851 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) loci were identified. The proportions of mono-, di- and tri-nucleotide repeat motifs were 30.40%, 21.50% and 33.10%, respectively. We developed and verified the reliability of 28 SSR core primer pairs through electronic polymerase chain reaction (ePCR) and the PCR amplification process. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values of the 28 SSR core primer pairs ranged from 0.246 to 0.848, with 14 pairs of SSR primers displaying high polymorphism (PIC > 0.5). The 28 SSR core primer pairs showed 100% mobility in Arctium tomentosum Miller and 96.43% mobility in Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai, indicating their high versatility. The average Shannon information index (I) was 1.231, and the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.132, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.564. The 64 accessions were divided into three clusters at a genetic distance of 0.558. AMOVA analysis shows 83% genetic variation within populations and 17% among populations, highlighting implications for conservation and breeding strategies. Conclusion Our study provides 28 newly high-quality SSR markers to enhance genetic resource conservation and breeding programs for A. lappa , as well as to support comparative genomics and cross-species breeding strategies for related species.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly recombinogenic pathogen that threatens global swine production. Multiple PRRSV lineages co-circulate in China, with lineage 1.8 being the predominant epidemic strain. However, the pathogenic characteristics and differences among strains from distinct lineages remain insufficiently studied. In this study, three novel recombinant PRRSV strains (GX-2428, GX-3264, and GX-5430) were isolated in Guangxi, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF5 gene classified the three strains into lineage 3 (QYYZ-like), lineage 1.8 (NADC30-like), and lineage 1.5 (NADC34-like), respectively. Pathogenicity tests in piglets demonstrated that, compared with the control group, both GX-2428 and GX-3264 induced significant fever, whereas GX-5430 caused only a transient and milder febrile response. Infected piglets exhibited elevated levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β and TNF-α) and immunomodulatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) compared to the control group. Postmortem analysis revealed that although viral shedding had ceased, high viral loads persisted in the lungs, tonsils, and lymph nodes of the infected piglets. Transcriptomic analysis of piglet lung tissues revealed that GX-5430 infection predominantly enriched pathways related to cellular transformation, signal transduction, and metabolic reprogramming. However, infections with GX-2428 or GX-3264 were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways, thereby inducing stronger immune activation and inflammatory responses. In conclusion, these findings highlight the recombination characteristics and lineage-specific pathogenic mechanisms of PRRSV, providing novel insights for the development of future prevention and control strategies.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) can establish lifelong latent infection in peripheral nervous ganglion, and persistent infections in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Establishing an infection in the lymphocytes does not only enable the PRV to escape host immune surveillance but pass through the placental barrier, leading to fetal death and abortion. Due to the pathogenicity of the PRV, it poses a huge challenge in its prevention and control. The PRV escapes host immunity through downregulation of swine leukocyte antigen class I (SLA I) molecules on infected cells. However, data on the molecular mechanisms of the SLA I suppression remains scant. Here, in order to verify the effect of candidate proteins PRV pUL44 and pUS6 on PRV immune escape related molecules SLA I and peptide loading complex (PLC), we detected the expression of SLA I and PLC components after expressing PRV pUL44 and pUS6. The effects of pUS6 and pUL44 on SLA I and PLC were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot at mRNA and protein level, respectively. Cells expressing pUS6 or pUL44 genes showed a significantly suppressed expression of surface and total SLA I molecules. In addition, unlike UL44, the US6 gene was shown to downregulate the transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1), TAP2 and Tapasin molecules. The results show that PRV pUS6 may participate in virus immune escape by directly regulating the SLA I, TAP dimer and Tapasin molecules, thus blocking the transportation of TAP-bound peptides to the ER to bind SLA I molecules. We provide a theoretical basis on the mechanism of TAP mediated immune escape by the PRV.

In this paper, we present a novel self-supervised framework for Sentiment Cue Extraction (SCE) aimed at enhancing the interpretability of text sentiment analysis models. Our approach leverages self-supervised learning to identify and highlight key textual elements that significantly influence sentiment classification decisions. Central to our framework is the development of an innovative Mask Sequence Interpretation Score (MSIS), a bespoke metric designed to assess the relevance and coherence of identified sentiment cues within binary text classification tasks. By employing Monte Carlo Sampling techniques optimized for computational efficiency, our framework demonstrates exceptional effectiveness in processing large-scale text data across diverse datasets, including English and Chinese, thus proving its versatility and scalability. The effectiveness of our approach is validated through extensive experiments on several benchmark datasets, including SST-2, IMDb, Yelp, and ChnSentiCorp. The results indicate a substantial improvement in the interpretability of the sentiment analysis models without compromising their predictive accuracy. Furthermore, our method stands out for its global interpretability, offering an efficient solution for analyzing new data compared to traditional techniques focused on local explanations.