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Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cognitive center that integrates and regulates global brain activity. However, the whole-brain organization of PFC axon projections remains poorly understood. Using single-neuron reconstruction of 6,357 mouse PFC projection neurons, we identified 64 projectome-defined subtypes. Each of four previously known major cortico-cortical subnetworks was targeted by a distinct group of PFC subtypes defined by their first-order axon collaterals. Further analysis unraveled topographic rules of soma distribution within PFC, first-order collateral branch point-dependent target selection and terminal arbor distribution-dependent target subdivision. Furthermore, we obtained a high-precision hierarchical map within PFC and three distinct functionally related PFC modules, each enriched with internal recurrent connectivity. Finally, we showed that each transcriptome subtype corresponds to multiple projectome subtypes found in different PFC subregions. Thus, whole-brain single-neuron projectome analysis reveals organization principles of axon projections within and outside PFC and provides the essential basis for elucidating neuronal connectivity underlying diverse PFC functions.The authors reconstructed the individual projectomes of 6,357 mouse prefrontal cortical projection neurons, revealing projectome-defined neuron subtypes and organizing principles of axon projections and correspondence with transcriptomes.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtypes of NSCLC. However, the therapeutic effects for LUAD are unsatisfactory at current stage, so it is important to find new molecular targets and therapeutic strategies. circRNAs can regulate the expression of target genes by binding to microRNAs (miRNAs) to form competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Therefore, we investigated the functions of circR-4225 in the tumor progression of LUAD and its molecular mechanism in this paper. circR-4225 is up-regulated in LUAD tissues. EIF4A3, a member of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (EIF4A) family, promotes the expression of circR-4225. circR-4225 acts as a molecular sponge to down-regulate miR-507, which promotes the up-regulation of the expression of its target gene–tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11). Knockdown of circR-4225 in the LUAD cell lines can inhibit cell proliferation and viability, and promote apoptosis of the LUAD cell lines, which can be reverted by inhibiting miR-507 or overexpressing TNFSF11. To sum it up, this study demonstrated that circR-4225 was significantly up-regulated in LUAD tissues, and circR-4225 promoted LUAD progression by sponging miR-507 and up-regulating TNFSF11. This study can provide new molecular targets for early diagnosis and treatment of LUAD.

A series of Ni 2+ /Cu 2+ doped Bi 2 WO 6 nanosheets were successfully fabricated through a simple one-step solvothermal process without any surfactants. Various characterization methods were used to analyze the as-synthesized catalysts. The photocatalytic activity of all catalysts was studied through degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dyes under visible light illumination. The photocatalytic performance of Bi 2 WO 6 is significantly improved by doping Ni 2+ and Cu 2+ , and the BIW-12 (Ni 2+ /Cu 2+ /Bi 2 WO 6 molar ratios is 1:2:100) sample shows the highest photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the photo-electro-chemistry measurements were carried out to know that BIW-12 exhibits a low charge-transfer resistance and a significant photocurrent density and to further elucidate the band structure for samples prepared. Also, based on the radical species trapping experiments and Mott-Schottky plots, a possible photogenerated carrier transfer mechanism is proposed. Graphical abstract A series of Ni 2+ /Cu 2+ doped Bi 2 WO 6 nanosheets were successfully fabricated by a simple one-step solvothermal process without any surfactants, and Ni 2+ /Cu 2+ doping in Bi 2 WO 6 increase the potentials of its CB positions and decrease the potentials of its CB positions.

The authors uncovered a pathway from the lateral amygdala to the auditory cortex (ACx) of mice that is essential for auditory fear memory retrieval. Simultaneous imaging of pre- and postsynaptic structures in ACx in vivo revealed an increased rate of synapse formation in this pathway after auditory fear conditioning. Neural circuits underlying auditory fear conditioning have been extensively studied. Here we identified a previously unexplored pathway from the lateral amygdala (LA) to the auditory cortex (ACx) and found that selective silencing of this pathway using chemo- and optogenetic approaches impaired fear memory retrieval. Dual-color in vivo two-photon imaging of mouse ACx showed pathway-specific increases in the formation of LA axon boutons, dendritic spines of ACx layer 5 pyramidal cells, and putative LA–ACx synaptic pairs after auditory fear conditioning. Furthermore, joint imaging of pre- and postsynaptic structures showed that essentially all new synaptic contacts were made by adding new partners to existing synaptic elements. Together, these findings identify an amygdalocortical projection that is important to fear memory expression and is selectively modified by associative fear learning, and unravel a distinct architectural rule for synapse formation in the adult brain.

This paper proposes a novel method of applying an iterative generation differential equation method to the multi-component nonlinear signal analysis of a diesel engine. The characteristics of a dynamic model of the single cylinder are analysed and discussed. The iterative generation differential decomposition method decomposes the multi-component signal and extracts multiple single-component signals. The sensitive single-component analysis technology of the complex vibration signal of a diesel engine is formed. The relationship between characteristic parameters of engine vibration dynamics and operation law is derived. A priori information about the unmeasured vibration signals of the roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) passenger ships is not required. The experimental data is validly processed based on this developed method. Results show that this method is practical and feasible in analysing diesel engine vibration signals, especially under different load operating conditions.

In this paper, the cellulose/polyacrylonitrile(PAN) composite nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning technique firstly. Then, cellulose/PAN/Cu nanofibers were fabricated with antibacterial function by loading Cu(II) ions. The morphology, mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of nanofibers was characterized. Antibacterial performance of cellulose/PAN/Cu nanofiber with against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated. The results showed that the cellulose/PAN/Cu nanofiber demonstrated excellent mechanical property and antibacterial activity when the concentration of Cu(II) ions is set to be 0.01 mol/L.

Bi2MoO6 with a tunable morphology was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route using different surfactants, including nanosheet-assembled microspheres, smooth microspheres, nanoparticle aggregates and nanoparticles. The morphology, crystal structure and photocatalytic activity of as-obtained Bi2MoO6 were characterized by scanning electron microscopes (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Bi2MoO6 flower-like microspheres using cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (BET) as the surfactant exhibited much better photocatalytic activity than Bi2MoO6 with the other morphologies, with a degradation efficiency of 98.4%. It can be summarized that the photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6 samples depends on their morphology and composition.

The photoreduction of CO2 to other products containing carbon through simulated photosynthesis is a promising area of research. However, given the complexity of the CO2 photocatalytic reduction reaction, it is crucial to adjust the structure of the photocatalysts. The focus of this study was on creating NaOH-modified Bi2WO6 nanosheet photocatalysts via a one-step hydrothermal route and using them to convert CO2 into CO through photocatalytic reduction under the condition of not using an electron sacrifice agent. The results of characterizations and activity data showed that adding an appropriate amount of NaOH significantly improved the photoreduction activity of CO2, as seen in the BWO-2 catalyst. The efficiency of photocatalysts could be improved by tuning the band structure through the addition of an appropriate amount of alkali. This adjustment improves the separation of photogenerated carriers and controls the concentration of oxygen vacancy to reduce recombination. As a result, the photocurrent activity is highly enhanced, leading to better reduction performance compared to unmodified photocatalysts. In experiments, the CO yield of the modified photocatalyst BWO-2 remained above 90 μmol/g after four trials, indicating its effectiveness in reducing CO2. This study offers insights into the regulation of band structure in bismuth-based photocatalysts for efficient CO2 reduction.

The photoreduction of CO[sub.2] to other products containing carbon through simulated photosynthesis is a promising area of research. However, given the complexity of the CO[sub.2] photocatalytic reduction reaction, it is crucial to adjust the structure of the photocatalysts. The focus of this study was on creating NaOH-modified Bi[sub.2]WO[sub.6] nanosheet photocatalysts via a one-step hydrothermal route and using them to convert CO[sub.2] into CO through photocatalytic reduction under the condition of not using an electron sacrifice agent. The results of characterizations and activity data showed that adding an appropriate amount of NaOH significantly improved the photoreduction activity of CO[sub.2], as seen in the BWO-2 catalyst. The efficiency of photocatalysts could be improved by tuning the band structure through the addition of an appropriate amount of alkali. This adjustment improves the separation of photogenerated carriers and controls the concentration of oxygen vacancy to reduce recombination. As a result, the photocurrent activity is highly enhanced, leading to better reduction performance compared to unmodified photocatalysts. In experiments, the CO yield of the modified photocatalyst BWO-2 remained above 90 μmol/g after four trials, indicating its effectiveness in reducing CO[sub.2]. This study offers insights into the regulation of band structure in bismuth-based photocatalysts for efficient CO[sub.2] reduction.

The lungs interface directly with the external environment, exposing them to airborne pathogens like endotoxins. We investigated whether the vagus nerve, which innervates the lungs-detects such pathogens. Using transcriptomics, tissue clearance imaging, electrophysiology, and cell-specific knockout models, we discovered that vagal sensory endings synapse with pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs). These nerve endings detect bacterial endotoxins primarily through the pain receptor TRPA1, not via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). This detection triggers electrical excitation in vagal neurons and upregulates neuropeptide (e.g., αCGRP) production in the nodose ganglia. Released αCGRP then acts back on PNECs, stimulating their neuropeptide synthesis and proliferation. This creates a feed-forward loop that amplifies endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. Our findings reveal a critical neural circuit between the nodose ganglion and PNECs that regulates pulmonary inflammatory responses.