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"Suo, Hui"
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Temperature Control Method for Electric Heating Furnaces Based on Auto-Encoder and Fuzzy PI Control
Electric heating furnaces are widely used in industrial production and scientific research, where the quality of temperature control directly affects product performance and operational safety. However, precise control remains challenging due to the system’s nonlinear behaviour, time-varying characteristics, and significant time delays. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a composite control method that integrates an auto-encoder-based prediction model with fuzzy PI control. Specifically, a discrete-time temperature model is constructed, in which the auto-encoder learns the system dynamics and predicts future temperatures, while the fuzzy controller adaptively tunes the PI parameters in real time. This approach improves both modelling accuracy and the adaptability of the control system. The simulation results on the MATLAB/Simulink platform show that the proposed method maintains the temperature overshoot within 2% under various disturbances, including a maximum delay of 243 s, ±2 °C measurement noise, 10% voltage fluctuation, and abrupt 10% gain variation. These results demonstrate the method’s strong robustness and indicate its suitability for advanced control design in complex industrial environments.
Journal Article
Fabrication of ZnO/Carbon Quantum Dots Composite Sensor for Detecting NO Gas
ZnO and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and CQDs were doped into ZnO by a grinding method to fabricate a ZnO/CQDs composite. The X-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscope revealed that the as-prepared ZnO has a structure of wurtzite hexagonal ZnO and a morphology of a flower-like microsphere which can provide more surface areas to adsorbed gases. The ZnO/CQDs composite has a higher gas sensitivity response to NO gas than ZnO microspheres. A gas sensitivity test of the ZnO/CQDs composite showed that the sensor had a high NO response (238 for 100 ppm NO) and NO selectivity. The detection limit of the ZnO/CQDs composite to NO was 100 ppb and the response and recovery times were 34 and 36 s, respectively. The active functional group provided by CQDs has a significant effect on NO gas sensitivity, and the gas sensitivity mechanism of the ZnO/CQDs composite is discussed.
Journal Article
Electrocardiogram-Based Biometric Identification Using Mixed Feature Extraction and Sparse Representation
(1) Background: The ability to recognize identities is an essential component of security. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have gained popularity for identity recognition because of their universal, unique, stable, and measurable characteristics. To ensure accurate identification of ECG signals, this paper proposes an approach which involves mixed feature sampling, sparse representation, and recognition. (2) Methods: This paper introduces a new method of identifying individuals through their ECG signals. This technique combines the extraction of fixed ECG features and specific frequency features to improve accuracy in ECG identity recognition. This approach uses the wavelet transform to extract frequency bands which contain personal information features from the ECG signals. These bands are reconstructed, and the single R-peak localization determines the ECG window. The signals are segmented and standardized based on the located windows. A sparse dictionary is created using the standardized ECG signals, and the KSVD (K-Orthogonal Matching Pursuit) algorithm is employed to project ECG target signals into a sparse vector–matrix representation. To extract the final representation of the target signals for identification, the sparse coefficient vectors in the signals are maximally pooled. For recognition, the co-dimensional bundle search method is used in this paper. (3) Results: This paper utilizes the publicly available European ST-T database for our study. Specifically, this paper selects ECG signals from 20, 50 and 70 subjects, each with 30 testing segments. The method proposed in this paper achieved recognition rates of 99.14%, 99.09%, and 99.05%, respectively. (4) Conclusion: The experiments indicate that the method proposed in this paper can accurately capture, represent and identify ECG signals.
Journal Article
Crosstalk between gut microbiota and Sirtuin-3 in colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease involving a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) is expressed at a low level in cancer tissues of CRC, but it is unclear how Sirt3 modulates colonic tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that gut microbiota play a central role in the resistance to CRC tumor formation in wild-type (WT) mice through APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli)-mutant mouse microbiota transfer via Wnt signaling. We also found that Sirt3-deficient mice were hypersusceptible to colonic inflammation and tumor development through altered intestinal integrity and p38 signaling, respectively. Furthermore, susceptibility to colorectal tumorigenesis was aggravated by initial commensal microbiota deletion via Wnt signaling. Mice with Sirt3-deficient microbiota transfer followed by chemically induced colon tumorigenesis had low Sirt3 expression compared to WT control microbiome transfer, mainly due to a decrease in
Escherichia/Shigella
, as well as an increase in
Lactobacillus reuteri
and
Lactobacillus taiwanensis
. Collectively, our data revealed that Sirt3 is an anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressing gene that interacts with the gut microbiota during colon tumorigenesis.
Colorectal cancer: Beneficial bacteria prompt anti-tumor gene response
Boosting specific beneficial bacteria in the gut may enhance expression levels of a tumor-suppressing gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). Both genetic factors and the bacteria present in the gut play vital roles in CRC development. However, it is unclear exactly how genes interact with the bacteria to affect tumor growth. Man-tian Mi and co-workers at the Third Military Medical University in Chongqing, China, examined the role of a gene called
Sirt-3
in CRC development. Mice lacking the
Sirt-3
gene suffered severe chronic inflammation and developed tumors due to altered signalling pathways and reduced intestinal integrity. Further, the guts of the mice harboured more pathogenic bacteria than wild-type mice. The team also found lower levels of two key types of beneficial bacteria that would ordinarily prevent reduced
Sirt-3
expression.
Journal Article
Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia Nitrogen via a Platinum–Zinc Alloy Nanoflower-Modified Carbon Cloth Electrode
As a common water pollutant, ammonia nitrogen poses a serious risk to human health and the ecological environment. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and efficient sensing scheme to achieve accurate detection of ammonia nitrogen. Here, we report a simple fabrication electrode for the electrochemical synthesis of platinum–zinc alloy nanoflowers (PtZn NFs) on the surface of carbon cloth. The obtained PtZn NFs/CC electrode was applied to the electrochemical detection of ammonia nitrogen by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The enhanced electrocatalytic activity of PtZn NFs and the larger electrochemical active area of the self-supported PtZn NFs/CC electrode are conducive to improving the ammonia nitrogen detection performance of the sensitive electrode. Under optimized conditions, the PtZn NFs/CC electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a wide linear range from 1 to 1000 µM, a sensitivity of 21.5 μA μM−1 (from 1 μM to 100 μM) and a lower detection limit of 27.81 nM, respectively. PtZn NFs/CC electrodes show excellent stability and anti-interference. In addition, the fabricated electrochemical sensor can be used to detect ammonia nitrogen in tap water and lake water samples.
Journal Article
Electrochemical Detection of Ammonia in Water Using NiCu Carbonate Hydroxide-Modified Carbon Cloth Electrodes: A Simple Sensing Method
Excessive ammonia nitrogen can potentially compromise the safety of drinking water. Therefore, developing a rapid and simple detection method for ammonia nitrogen in drinking water is of great importance. Nickel–copper hydroxides exhibit strong catalytic capabilities and are widely applied in ammonia nitrogen oxidation. In this study, a self-supported electrode made of nickel–copper carbonate hydroxide was synthesized on a carbon cloth collector via a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method for rapid ammonia nitrogen detection in water. It exhibits sensitivities of 3.9 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 3.13 μA μM−1 cm−2 within linear ranges of 1 μM to 100 μM and 100 μM to 400 μM, respectively, using a simple and rapid i-t method. The detection limit is as low as 0.62 μM, highlighting its excellent anti-interference properties against various anions and cations. The methodology’s simplicity and effectiveness suggest broad applicability in water quality monitoring and environmental protection, particularly due to its significant cost-effectiveness.
Journal Article
Preparation of MnOx/CC Electrode by One-Step Electrodeposition for Electrochemical Detection of Cd2+ in Water
Transition metal oxides (e.g., MnOx) can effectively promote the redox reactions of heavy metal ions through abundant valence changes. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the application of MnOx for the detection of Cd2+ without pre-enrichment conditions. For this reason, in this study, MnOx was grown in situ on a carbon cloth substrate by one-step electrodeposition. The effect of the valence composition of MnOx and its variation on the Cd2+ without pre-enrichment detection performance was systematically investigated. The morphology, structure, and chemical composition of the materials were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the deposition of MnOx not only significantly increased the active surface area of the electrodes but also facilitated electron transfer through the valence transition of Mn2+/Mn3+↔Mn3+/Mn4+. The detection of Cd2+ in water samples can be successfully achieved without pre-enrichment, and the electrode has good stability and reproducibility. This study provides a new design idea for applying MnOx electrodes in Cd2+ detection without pre-enrichment and provides a reference for further optimization of electrochemical sensors.
Journal Article
Enhanced Sensitivity of Electrochemical Sensors for Ammonia-Nitrogen via In-Situ Synthesis PtNi Nanoleaves on Carbon Cloth
Pt-based electrochemical ammonia-nitrogen sensors played a significance role in real-time monitoring the ammonia-nitrogen concentration. The alloying of Pt and transition metals was one of the effective ways to increase the detectability of the sensitive electrode. In this paper, a self-supported electrochemical electrode for the detection of ammonia nitrogen was obtained by the electrodeposition of PtNi alloy nanoleaves on a carbon cloth (PtNi-CC). Experimental results showed that the PtNi-CC electrode exhibited enhanced detection performance with a wide linear range from 0.5 to 500 µM, high sensitivity (7.83 µA µM−1 cm−2 from 0.5 to 150 μM and 0.945 µA µM−1 cm−2 from 150 to 500 μM) and lower detection limit (24 nM). The synergistic effect between Pt and Ni and the smaller lattice spacing of the PtNi alloy were the main reasons for the excellent performance of the electrode. This work showed the great potential of Pt-based alloy electrodes for the detection of ammonia-nitrogen.
Journal Article
Flake-Shaped Nickel Hydroxide Supported on Carbon Cloth as an Electrochemical Sensor for Efficient Detection of Phosphate Under Neutral Conditions
Although the detection of phosphate can be achieved by nickel hydroxide instead of noble metals, the sensitive detection of phosphate using nickel hydroxide transformed into hydroxy nickel oxide needs to be done under alkaline conditions, which is not environmentally friendly. To solve this problem, we prepared flake-shaped nickel hydroxide-sensitive electrodes supported on carbon cloth using a low-consumption one-step method from the new strategy that the specific adsorption of nickel hydroxide to phosphate can change the electrode’s surface charge distribution and investigated their performance in detecting phosphate under neutral conditions. The specific adsorption of phosphate changed the charge distribution on the surface of the electrode, improved the electron transfer efficiency, and facilitated the valorization of nickel, while the flake-shaped nickel hydroxide provided more active sites for the electrode, which resulted in a good performance of the nickel hydroxide electrode: a sensitivity of 1530 mA mM−1 cm−2, a detection range of 1–200 μM, and the LOD of 0.59 μM (S/N = 3). This work provides an innovative idea for the determination of phosphate under neutral conditions, which has important practical applications.
Journal Article