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Egypt Overview
يتناول كتاب (لمحة عامة إلى مصر) والذي قام بتأليفه (أ. ب. كلوت بك) في حوالي مجلدين من القطع المتوسط موضوع (التاريخ الطبيعي لمصر) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : تمهيد تاريخي، لمحة طبيعية عن (الوضع والشكل والحدود والأقسام الجغرافية، شكل الأرض وتكوينها الجيولوجي، الطقس والآثار الجوية)، وكذلك يتناول التاريخ الطبيعي عن (المعادن، النباتات، حيوانات مصر، سكان مصر المختلفون)، وكذلك السكان والمساكن والمدن والقرى في مصر، وأيضا الديانات والمذاهب الشائعة في القطر المصري، والشريعة الإسلامية وإدارة العدل في مصر، وكذلك أخلاق المسلمين وعاداتهم، ونظرة في العناصر الأخرى من سكان مصر، وكذلك يستعرض الحكومة والأنظمة السياسية، والزراعة والصناعة والتجارة، وغيرها.
Rare Book
Finite element analysis in a fiber-reinforced cylinder due to memory-dependent heat transfer
Enlightened by the Caputo fractional derivative, the present study treats with a novel mathematical model of generalized thermoelasticity to investigate the transient phenomena for a fiber-reinforced hollow cylinder due to the influence of thermal shock and magnetic field in the context of a three-phase-lag model of generalized thermoelasticity, which is defined in an integral form of a common derivative on a slipping interval by incorporating the memory-dependent heat transfer. Employing Laplace transform as a tool, the problem has been transformed to the space domain, where the Galerkin finite element technique is incorporated to solve the resulting equations in the transformed domain. The inversion of the Laplace transform is carried out numerically on applying a method of Bellman et al. According to the graphical representations corresponding to the numerical results, conclusions about the new theory are constructed. Excellent predictive capability is demonstrated due to the presence of reinforcement, memory-dependent derivative, and magnetic field also.
Journal Article
Overview of Egypt - Part 2
يتناول كتاب (لمحة عامة إلى مصر) والذي قام بتأليفه (أ. ب. كلوت بك) في حوالي مجلدين من القطع المتوسط موضوع (التاريخ الطبيعي لمصر) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : تمهيد تاريخي، لمحة طبيعية عن (الوضع والشكل والحدود والأقسام الجغرافية، شكل الأرض وتكوينها الجيولوجي، الطقس والآثار الجوية)، وكذلك يتناول التاريخ الطبيعي عن (المعادن، النباتات، حيوانات مصر، سكان مصر المختلفون)، وكذلك السكان والمساكن والمدن والقرى في مصر، وأيضا الديانات والمذاهب الشائعة في القطر المصري، والشريعة الإسلامية وإدارة العدل في مصر، وكذلك أخلاق المسلمين وعاداتهم، ونظرة في العناصر الأخرى من سكان مصر، وكذلك يستعرض الحكومة والأنظمة السياسية، والزراعة والصناعة والتجارة، وغيرها.
Book
Investigating cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis in Capitella teleta sheds light on the ancestor of Annelida
Background Diverse architectures of nervous systems (NSs) such as a plexus in cnidarians or a more centralized nervous system (CNS) in insects and vertebrates are present across Metazoa, but it is unclear what selection pressures drove evolution and diversification of NSs. One underlying aspect of this diversity lies in the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving neurogenesis, i.e. generation of neurons from neural precursor cells (NPCs). In cnidarians, vertebrates, and arthropods, homologs of SoxB and bHLH proneural genes control different steps of neurogenesis, suggesting that some neurogenic mechanisms may be conserved. However, data are lacking for spiralian taxa. Results To that end, we characterized NPCs and their daughters at different stages of neurogenesis in the spiralian annelid Capitella teleta. We assessed cellular division patterns in the neuroectoderm using static and pulse-chase labeling with thymidine analogs (EdU and BrdU), which enabled identification of NPCs that underwent multiple rounds of division. Actively-dividing brain NPCs were found to be apically-localized, whereas actively-dividing NPCs for the ventral nerve cord (VNC) were found apically, basally, and closer to the ventral midline. We used lineage tracing to characterize the changing boundary of the trunk neuroectoderm. Finally, to start to generate a genetic hierarchy, we performed double-fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) and single-FISH plus EdU labeling for neurogenic gene homologs. In the brain and VNC, Ct-soxB1 and Ct-neurogenin were expressed in a large proportion of apically-localized, EdU+ NPCs. In contrast, Ct-ash1 was expressed in a small subset of apically-localized, EdU+ NPCs and subsurface, EdU− cells, but not in Ct-neuroD+ or Ct-elav1+ cells, which also were subsurface. Conclusions Our data suggest a putative genetic hierarchy with Ct-soxB1 and Ct-neurogenin at the top, followed by Ct-ash1, then Ct-neuroD, and finally Ct-elav1. Comparison of our data with that from Platynereis dumerilii revealed expression of neurogenin homologs in proliferating NPCs in annelids, which appears different than the expression of vertebrate neurogenin homologs in cells that are exiting the cell cycle. Furthermore, differences between neurogenesis in the head versus trunk of C. teleta suggest that these two tissues may be independent developmental modules, possibly with differing evolutionary trajectories.
Journal Article
Management of adult spontaneous spondylodiscitis and its rising incidence
Spondylodiscitis refers to the infection of the intervertebral disc and osteomyelitis of the adjacent endplates, and it is uncommon in the developed world. Broad consensus indicates its incidence is on the rise.
The aim of this retrospective study was twofold. First, we sought to give an up-to-date incidence estimate by comparing case presentation over two time periods (1995-1999 and 2008-2011). Data from the England and Wales census in 2001 and 2011 were used for incidence estimation. The second part of this study aimed to generate management guidance from data from medical and radiographic records of the 2008-2011 patient cohort.
The incidence of adult spontaneous spondylodiscitis in the local region between 2008 and 2011 was 3.67/100,000 per year, representing a 150% increase from the incidence in 1995-1999. Our data demonstrate that methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus remains the most common offending pathogen of spontaneous spondylodiscitis. The mean C-reactive protein (CRP) level remained at >30mg/l after a month of starting antibiotic treatment in both medically and surgically managed groups.
Evidence suggests that the incidence of spondylodiscitis is on the rise. A review of our case series has demonstrated the effectiveness of intravenous antibiotic therapy. While no official guidance exists for when to switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics, our study shows that CRP at 1 month is >30mg/l and we recommend 6 weeks of intravenous therapy, followed by 6 further weeks of oral therapy.
Journal Article
Production of cheap hand sanitizer with herbal ingredients
Novel Corona Virus has spread to 188 countries around the world which made the people infected, facing moderate respiratory illness. Currently one of the major strategies to deal with COVID-19 and reduce community transmission of infections is the frequent use of hand sanitizers. However, a large section of common mass is unable to buy them due to higher price. Therefore, an approach has been presented here to produce cheaper sanitizers with easily available herbal ingredients like Aloe Vera gel, boiled water, surgical spirit, Glycerine etc. The estimated making cost of 100 ml of sanitizer was 16 rupees. The mass production of this sanitizer can be very effective for large scale use of sanitizers by common people.
Journal Article
Sanitation: The hygienic means of promoting health
Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions (e.g., sewerage and wastewater treatment), simple technologies (e.g., latrines, septic tanks), or even by personal hygiene practices (e.g., simple hand-washing with soap). According to an estimate, India stands second among the worst places in the world for sanitation after China. Independent assessments of latrine-use show a much lower coverage. [...]rapid urbanization is putting a strain on an already stressed urban sanitation systems in India.
Journal Article
Benign gastric ulceration as a cause of gastro-colic fistula
Gastro-colic fistulas as a complication of benign gastric ulcers are relatively uncommon. The authors report a 59 year old caucasian female with a known hiatus hernia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease presenting with diarrhoea and weight loss. Barium enema is the investigation of choice although it is important to exclude malignancy. Management is by en-bloc resection of the fistula with primary gastro-intestinal reconstruction.
Journal Article
Superconducting cyclotron and its vacuum system
A large superconducting cyclotron is under construction at this Centre and will be used to accelerate heavy ion beams to energy up to 80 MeV/A for light heavy ions and about 10 MeV/A for medium mass heavy ions. The vacuum system for this accelerator has several different aspects. The main acceleration chamber will be evacuated to a level of about 10−7 torr using both turbo molecular pumps and specially designed cryopanels. The surfaces exposed to this vacuum are mostly made of OFE copper. The cryogenic transfer lines, to cool the cryopanels, are of several meters in length and they pass through RF resonators extending below the magnet. The cryostat that will house the superconducting coils has an annular vacuum chamber, which is evacuated to a level of approximately 10−5 torr using a turbo molecular pump. Cryopumping action starts once the coils are cooled to low temperatures. A differential pumping is provided below the RF liner that encloses the pole tip of the main magnet. The space that is pumped in this case contains epoxy-potted trim coils wound around the pole tips. Crucial interlocks are provided between the differential vacuum and the acceleration chamber vacuum to avoid distortion of the RF liner, which is made of thin copper sheets. The other important vacuum system provides thermal insulation for the liquid helium transfer lines. In this paper a brief description of the superconducting cyclotron will be given. Details of various vacuum aspects of the accelerator and the logistics of their operation will be presented. Introduction of some of the improved equipment now available and improved techniques are also discussed.
Journal Article