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This study presents the historical concept of Islamic culture and Islamic teachings/education in the Malay Archipelagos of Indonesia while reviewing Islamic culture and teachings/education research. It also describes Islamic education's evolution in Malay from the Dutch Colonial Period to the modern digital world from various social, political, and cultural perspectives. A library and normative research approach were conducted using descriptive-qualitative secondary data analysis. This study used secondary data from books, journals, institutional reports, research, and the internet. The results revealed that, during the Sultanate of Palembang, the traditional Islamic educational system and institution prevailed in Palembang, but after the colonial government came to power, Islamic education was marginalized. Today, numerous Islamic educational institutions in Palembang have transformed the system and institution of Islamic education in this region, starting from teaching religion at home, langar, or the mosque. Moreover, nowadays, the digital world has opened more horizons for informal and instant interactions between Islamic scholars and the community to learn about Islam and follow Islamic teachings, which provide a complete code of conduct.

In the process of dismantling tapioca flour, waste occurs due to activities that do not provide added value (Non-Value Added). The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the types of waste and then propose improvements to eliminate activities that do not provide added value. By using the concept of lean supply chain and value stream mapping (VSM) it is expected to eliminate activities that do not provide added value and make the company more productive. Through the analysis of seven wastes and fishbone diagrams, it is known that the biggest causes of waste are waiting for the arrival of workers, waiting for pilot/tug boats, waiting for trucks to arrive, and working on sacks that have fallen and torn. Meanwhile, the recommendations given are to coordinate and evaluate the performance of workers, increase the number of pilot/tug boats and trucks, and supervise the unloading process to minimize mistakes made by workers. With the proposed improvement, the cycle time, which was originally 335.34 minutes decreased to 271.97 minutes, and for Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) which was originally 68.30% increased to 84.22%.

This study evaluated the effect of incorporating boric acid (BA) at different concentrations on the flexural strength, color stability, and microhardness of 3D-printed permanent crown resins. Disk-shaped specimens (15 × 2 mm) were fabricated for color stability and Vickers microhardness testing, and bar-shaped specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were prepared for flexural strength evaluation using a masked stereolithography (MSLA) printer. BA was incorporated into the resin at 0% (control), 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w). Flexural strength (n = 7 per group) was measured using a three-point bending test, microhardness (n = 7 per group) was assessed with the Vickers method, and color stability (n = 22 per group) was evaluated using ΔE₀₀ values at 3 time points: immediately after post-curing (T0), 30 min after post-curing (T1), and 60 min after post-curing (T2). Surface morphology was examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests (α = 0.05). BA incorporation significantly affected flexural strength ( p  < 0.05), with the 3% BA group showing the highest mean value (177.92 ± 38.58 MPa), significantly higher than the control ( p  = 0.001), 1% ( p  = 0.002), and 2% ( p  = 0.011) groups. Microhardness showed an increasing trend with higher BA concentrations but did not reach statistical significance ( p  > 0.05). Color stability was adversely affected by BA addition ( p  < 0.001), as ΔE₀₀ values increased progressively from T0 to T2, with the 3% BA group consistently exceeding both perceptibility (ΔE₀₀ > 0.8) and clinical acceptability thresholds (ΔE₀₀ > 1.8) at all time points. BA incorporation enhanced flexural strength in a concentration-dependent manner, while microhardness improvements were not statistically significant, and color stability was compromised at higher concentrations. BA-modified resins may be suitable for posterior restorations where mechanical performance is prioritized.

This study aims to design an Android-based student worksheet on the topic of cartesian coordinate learning and obtain evidence for clarification of research on prototype design. The design research method was carried out based on stages, namely research clarification, descriptive study 1, prescriptive study, and descriptive study II. This research revealed the results of the research clarification stage by involving 35 Mathematics and Natural Sciences students of FMIPA UNM. They were asked to test the prototype and provide responses through the questionnaire provided. There are three main things to be responded by respondents, namely the suitability of the format, the material submitted, and worksheet form. The data obtained were analysed descriptively quantitatively. The results show that the prototype format meets the suitability. Likewise, the criteria for the material presented and the prototype designed. In other words, this Android-based worksheet prototype meets the stated design objectives.

Background Lymph node ratio (LNR) may offer superior prognostic stratification in colorectal adenocarcinoma compared with N stage. However, candidate cutoff ratios require validation. We aimed to study the prognostic significance of LNR and its optimal cutoff ratio. Methods We reviewed the pathology records of all patients with stage III colorectal adenocarcinoma who were managed at the King Hussein Cancer Center between January 2014 and December 2019. We then studied the clinical characteristics of the patients, correlates of lymph node count, prognostic significance of positive lymph nodes, and value of sampling additional lymph nodes. Results Among 226 included patients, 94.2% had ≥ 12 lymph nodes sampled, while 5.8% had < 12 sampled lymph nodes. The median number of lymph nodes sampled varied according to tumor site, neoadjuvant therapy, and the grossing pathologist’s level of training. According to the TNM system, 142 cases were N1 (62.8%) and 84 were N2 (37.2%). Survival distributions differed according to LNR at 10% ( p  = 0.022), and 16% ( p  < 0.001), but not the N stage ( p  = 0.065). Adjusted Cox-regression analyses demonstrated that both N stage and LNR at 10% and 16% predicted overall survival ( p  = 0.044, p  = 0.010, and p  = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions LNR is a robust predictor of overall survival in patients with stage III colorectal adenocarcinoma. At a cutoff ratio of 0.10 and 0.16, LNR offers better prognostic stratification in comparison with N stage and is less susceptible to variation introduced by the number of lymph nodes sampled, which is influenced both by clinical variables and grossing technique.

Laser ablation synthesis in liquid solution (PLAL) is a green technique that allows for the physical formation of nanomaterials. This study indicates the preparation of stable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in Gum Arabic (GA) solution via laser ablation as a CT contrast agent. The optical properties were achieved using the absorption spectroscopic technique whereas the morphology and size distribution were investigated by TEM and ImageJ software. TEM image shows greater stability and spherical shape of GA-AuNPs with smaller size at 1.85 ± 0.99 nm compared to AuNPs without GA. The absorption spectrum of pure AuNPs has a lower absorption peak height in the visible range at λ = 521 nm, while the spectrum of GA-AuNPs has a higher plasmon peak height at λ = 514 nm with a blue shift towards lower wavelengths. The concentration of GA that dissolved in 10 mL of DI water via laser ablation is set at 20 mg. Increasing the number of pulses has only a minor effect on particle size distribution, which remains tiny in the nanometer range (less than 3 nm). For energies greater than 200 mJ, there is a blue shift toward shorter wavelengths. As the concentration of GA-AuNPs increases, the CT number is also increased indicating good image contrast. It can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence of GA as a reducing agent for AuNPs, and a contrast agent for CT imaging which highlights its superiority in future medical applications.

To the Editor: In his article on adrenal incidentaloma (April 22 issue), 1 Kebebew discusses primary hyperaldosteronism, and in Table 1 in the article he states that “a ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity [ARR] >20 confirms diagnosis.” We would note that the guideline that Kebebew refers to in his discussion of the role of ARR in the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism states otherwise. According to the guideline, an elevated ARR (i.e., a ratio of >20) suggests a diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism but does not confirm it, and patients with an elevated ARR should undergo confirmatory testing. 2 Confirmatory . . .

Objective: The aim of the article is to examine the interplay among dynamic capabilities, digitalization, and competitive advantage, with a specific focus on exploring the mediating influence of digitalization in the rela- tionship between dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Indonesian context.Research Design Methods: We utilized a survey method for the collection of primary data. The respondents were SME founders in the provinces of Central Java and North Kalimantan, Indonesia, with a minimum of one year of business engagement. Moreover, we utilized Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS- SEM) analysis on 230 collected responses to examine the proposed hypotheses on the relationships among dy- namic capabilities, digitalization, and competitive advantage.Findings: We found that dynamic capabilities, except for coordinating capability, positively influence the im- plementation of digitalization. This highlights the role of these capabilities in utilizing digital technologies ef- fectively. The study also revealed a positive relationship between digitalization and SME competitive ad- vantage. Furthermore, the study showed the significant role of digitalization in mediating the associations between sensing capability, learning capability, integrating capability, and competitive advantage. These find- ings underscore the importance of developing dynamic capabilities to facilitate digitalization for enhancing competitive advantage in the digital era.Implications Recommendations: The study’s implications for SMEs seeking to enhance competitive ad- vantage through digitalization include the importance of improving sensing capability for market understand- ing, cultivating a learning culture for employee tech updates, and strengthening integrating capability by seamlessly incorporating digital technology into existing processes and functions.Contribution Value Added: While many studies have concentrated on evaluating the direct impact of dy- namic capabilities on firm competitive advantage or exploring different mediating factors, this research explored the indirect effects of SME’s dynamic capabilities on competitive advantage, delving into digitali- zation’s mediating role.

Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares is one of the major species of tuna caught in the Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 573 of the Indian Ocean. Its production contributed to 35.83% of the total production of tuna in 2013. The study was conducted to assess the population dynamics of this species in FMA 573, based on length-frequency data collected in 2013-2017, and was analysed using FiSAT II software. The results obtained show length-weight relationship of W = 0.000052 FL2.78, negative allometric growth and growth equation of Lt = 194.25 (1-e-0.51 (t + 0.1889)). The length at first capture was estimated at 140 cm FL. Recruitment season occurs between July and September, with a peak in August. The rate of total mortality (Z) was 2.32 yr-1, including natural mortality rate (M) of 0.69 yr-1 and fishing mortality rate (F) of 1.63 yr-1. The exploitation rates of yellowfin tuna were estimated to be 0.70, indicating that it has exceeded the optimum exploitation rate (E = 0.5) and that overexploitation had occurred. There is an obvious need for consistent monitoring and surveillance of fishing fleet, type and size of fishing gear, as well as the fish size and quantity of the catch.

Graphical Abstract   Highlight Research The Linf CL value in male karumba was 44.21 mm and female was 42.8 mm, with negative allometric growth. The theoretical maximum lifespan (Tmax) of individual karumba, estimated using the VBGF, was 4 to 6 years. The growth coefficient (K) K. karumba is considered quite slow between 0.5-0.9 per year. The exploitation value of karumba is considered vulnerable at this time so that there is a need for management in terms of capture. The results show that recruitment occurs almost every month. Estimated peak recruitment of karumba is around November and January.     Abstract This study provides the first information on the population parameters of Karumballichirus karumba. A total of 902 K. karumba samples were collected, consisted of 412 males and 490 females. The von Bertalanffy parameters were estimated to have asymptotic length L∞ (mm): male = 44.21, female = 42.8, and pooled = 44, negative allometric condition factor, growth rate K (/years): male = 0.58, female = 0.67, and pooled = 0.9. Growth performance index (ϕ') : male = 3.05, female = 3.08, and pooled = 3.24. The natural mortality rate M (/years): male =0.7, female = 0.8, and pooled = 1, and shrimp mortality rate F (/years): male = 1.57, female = 2.89, and pooled = 3.12. The current exploitation rate is slightly higher than optimal exploitation rate = 0.5, indicating that there is a need to regulate fishing so that it is sustainable. The size of the first time caught is still below (1/2 Linf); thus, the reproductive opportunities of K. karumba are guaranteed, and in terms of utilization, fall into the category of sustainable fishing. The estimated life span of K. karumba is 4 to 6 years. Reproduction occurs continuously every month, indicated by the discovery of ovigerous females. The highest recruitment occurs in January and November. YPR (yield-per-recruitment) shows that the value of Fcur = 3.12 years⁻¹ in the estimated population is lower than Fmax = 5 years⁻¹ and above F05 = 1.99 years⁻¹ and F01 = 1.8 years⁻¹.