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Adaptation to climate change in Asia
\"The frequency and scale of damage inflicted by climate-related disasters, including floods, drought, heat waves and hurricanes, has been increasing at an alarming rate. This volume provides a timely and thoughtful discussion of strategies for adaptation to climate change, which can complement mitigation strategies being developed by other experts throughout the world. The book focuses on eight geographically diverse territories in Asia, which are among the areas that will experience the most severe impacts of climate change and are the most vulnerable in terms of capacity to cope with the damage. The authors discuss adaptation strategies to safeguard food and water supplies, address urban problems, support migrant workers, protect coastal cities and preserve biodiversity. They also offer a critical analysis of plans that have proven successful to explore what additional steps can be taken to address the gaps. The collection of observations and recommendations in this book will prove invaluable to policy makers in countries that are facing similar threats and looking to build their adaptive capacity to cope with climate change. It will also appeal to academics interested in environmental ecology, sustainable development, global climate change and Asian studies\"-- Back cover.
Book
How to check correctness of total interpretive structural models?
Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) has been further interpreted in the form of total interpretive structural modelling (TISM). These are graphical models that represent the hierarchical relationships and help in better and precise conceptualization and theory building. ISM only interprets the nodes in a digraph, but TISM interprets both nodes and links. The errors observed in applications of ISM and TISM reported in past have acted as motivation for this paper to provide checks and guidelines for correctness of total interpretive structural models. The paper first gives an overview of past applications of TISM. The process of TISM is first outlined and then the guidelines and thumb rules are provided to check the correctness of TISM at each step. Some typical errors in TISM models and their modifications are discussed to help future modellers to translate their ill-structured mental models into sound theoretical models. A discussion on usefulness of TISM for big data analytics for theory building is provided and future directions of research are outlined.
Journal Article
Theory building using SAP-LAP linkages: an application in the context of disaster management
Management of disaster relief operations is a complex task involving pre-disaster, during disaster and post-disaster operations. It requires the involvement and coordination of multiple actors and processes. Traditionally, operations research applications in general and specifically for disaster relief have been made, largely, on quantitative and analytical front. There is a lack of qualitative and interpretive approaches in operations research applications. This paper uses an interpretive method, SAP-LAP (situation, actor, process, learning, action, performance) framework and linkages, in the context of disaster management. It enables to develop a theoretical framework for disaster management answering the fundamental questions of theory building. The paper first provides a selective review of disaster management and identifies the gap in building theoretical framework for the same. It then describes the methodology in terms of SAP-LAP framework and linkages with a broad appreciation of its application in operations as well as strategic management. This methodology is applied to develop a theoretical framework for disaster management. The paper finally discusses both the theoretical and practical implications of the proposed framework and concludes with future directions of research.
Journal Article
Efficient interpretive ranking process incorporating implicit and transitive dominance relationships
Interpretive ranking process (IRP) is a multi-criteria decision making method based on paired comparison in an interpretive manner. Due to paired comparisons, the number of interpretations to be made for n ranking variables are \\[n(n-1)/2\\] to establish dominance with respect to each reference variable or criterion. IRP is a knowledge intensive method and thus a large number of comparisons poses a limitation on the number of rankling as well as reference variables to be considered in the design of the decision problem. This paper is intended to make the process of comparison more efficient so that this limitation on number of variables can be relaxed to handle comparatively large size problems as well. The number of interpretive comparisons can be drastically reduced by considering both implicit and transitive dominance relationships. It provides a critical review of IRP steps and suggests improvements to make it more efficient. It then illustrates the modified IRP method on a couple of already published examples (including an example on post-disaster management) and summarizes the reduction in interpretive comparisons that indirectly gives a measure of increase in its efficiency.
Journal Article
Interpretive multi-criteria ranking of production systems with ordinal weights and transitive dominance relationships
The paper deals with the situation of manufacturing of customized engineering products under intense competitive environment. Such customized engineering products can be manufactured by different types of production systems such as job production, batch production, mass production, and flexible manufacturing systems. It then becomes an important decision to choose the best one among these production systems which is also dependent on multiple criteria. The three basic criteria predominantly considered in the context of manufacturing are cost, quality, and flexibility. The paper applies the efficient interpretive ranking process (IRP) as an interpretive multi-criteria ranking method to demonstrate its utility in this context. It considers the design of the decision problem by treating the cross-interaction matrix of ‘Alternatives × Criteria’ as a unit matrix, i.e. each alternative is linked with each criterion. In this type of decision problem, the IRP method is implemented with transitive dominance relationships. Further, it carries out the sensitivity analysis concerning different ordinal weights of various criteria. The paper also makes a methodological contribution in IRP by way of computing dominance index rather than simply considering net dominance (which would be either positive or nil or negative). The dominance index gives a better depiction of the dominance of one alternative over the others.
Journal Article
Interpretive multi-criteria valuation of flexibility initiatives on direct value chain
Purpose
Activities on direct value chain directly add value to the products/services delivered to the customers. This value addition can be further enhanced by taking up flexibility initiatives on these direct value chain activities. The purpose of this paper is to identify flexibility initiatives on the direct value chain and carry out their valuation.
Design/methodology/approach
Since different value addition criteria (i.e. benefits and costs) may be both tangible and intangible, an interpretive valuation based on multi-criteria framework would be desirable. The paper deploys the efficient interpretive ranking process (IRP) for this purpose. It uses total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) to derive weights of criteria based on their respective driving power. The paper also makes a methodological contribution to assess transitive dominance in IRP based on transitivity check as used in the modified TISM process.
Findings
The paper uses a multi-criteria valuation to examine the proposition that the flexibility initiatives will add a higher value as we go downstream in the value chain. The flexibility initiatives linked with marketing such as product upgradation and switching, customized services and dynamic pricing are found to be most value adding in character.
Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of this study is that it is generic in nature and need to be replicated in multiple case situations. The methodology proposed can be utilized for specific case analysis for flexibility valuation on the direct value chain.
Practical implications
The practitioners may be able to use the proposed method of TISM–IRP with improvements in real-life applications. The proposed multi-criteria valuation is interpretive in nature and can be utilized by practicing managers in group settings even if they do not have complete data.
Originality/value
The strategy and operations researchers will find promise in the methodology to investigate and prioritize the initiatives planned to enhance flexibility in different value chain activities. The researchers on multi-criteria decision making will find the methodological enhancement proposed in terms of graphically deriving the transitive dominance to be useful in other applications as well.
Journal Article
Illness, Environment, and Resistance: Examining Daman and Bhulan The Maze through Medical Humanities
This paper explores the critical role of regional Indian cinema in portraying the intertwined realities of health, environment, and social resistance in marginalized rural communities. Focusing on two films, Daman (2022) and Bhulan The Maze (2019), the study employs an interdisciplinary framework grounded in medical humanities and eco-cinema to examine how these films challenge dominant narratives around illness, development, and ecological degradation. Daman portrays the spread of malaria in Odisha's tribal regions as a result of social neglect, poor infrastructure, and environmental conditions. The film reveals tensions between indigenous healing practices and modern biomedicine, while exposing broader sociopolitical issues such as displacement and health inequities. Meanwhile, Bhulan The Maze addresses caste-based oppression alongside environmental exploitation in Chhattisgarh, portraying how marginalized communities struggle against judicial injustice and medical neglect. Both films illustrate resistance through localized narratives, emphasizing community resilience and activism against structural violence. By situating these cinematic works within the intersection of health, environment, and culture, this paper emphasizes the importance of recognizing regional cinema as a form of artistic activism. It foregrounds indigenous knowledge, critiques urban-rural disparities, and highlights the socio-political dimensions often elided in mainstream discourse. The analysis demonstrates that such films not only enrich medical humanities scholarship but also serve as vital platforms for amplifying marginalized voices and fostering environmental and social consciousness. Ultimately, the study advocates for greater academic attention to regional films as essential contributors to understanding the complex dynamics of health, ecology, and resistance in India's rural landscapes.
Journal Article
Adiponectin, a Therapeutic Target for Obesity, Diabetes, and Endothelial Dysfunction
Adiponectin is the most abundant peptide secreted by adipocytes, whose reduction plays a central role in obesity-related diseases, including insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition to adipocytes, other cell types, such as skeletal and cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells, can also produce this adipocytokine. Adiponectin effects are mediated by adiponectin receptors, which occur as two isoforms (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Adiponectin has direct actions in liver, skeletal muscle, and the vasculature.Adiponectin exists in the circulation as varying molecular weight forms, produced by multimerization. Several endoplasmic reticulum ER-associated proteins, including ER oxidoreductase 1-α (Ero1-α), ER resident protein 44 (ERp44), disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L), and glucose-regulated protein 94 (GPR94), have recently been found to be involved in the assembly and secretion of higher-order adiponectin complexes. Recent data indicate that the high-molecular weight (HMW) complexes have the predominant action in metabolic tissues. Studies have shown that adiponectin administration in humans and rodents has insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects, and, in certain settings, also decreases body weight. Therefore, adiponectin replacement therapy in humans may suggest potential versatile therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The current knowledge on regulation and function of adiponectin in obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease is summarized in this review.
Journal Article