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"Sutton, Mark Q"
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A New Possible Function of Crescents
Crescents are enigmatic flaked stone artifacts commonly associated with Western Stemmed Tradition and Paleo-coastal complexes in western North America. Despite a number of suggestions, their function remains unclear. It is proposed here that at least some crescents may have been hafted on projectile shafts below (but near) their stone or wooden points as \"spurs\" to limit the penetration of the projectile into the body of a targeted animal, such as a large bird. This would have served to minimize the post-mortem damage to the prey and increase the chances of recovering both the projectile and the prey This is the same concept found in some ethnographic bird arrows that have wooden cross members fastened below their wooden tips.
Journal Article
Notes on a Bar of Insect Lac Resin from the Saline Valley, California
A large piece of resin, identified as being creosote lac insect resin, was found in a small cave in the Saline Valley in 1931. The piece, now in the Eastern California Museum, is described here and provides some additional information regarding the use of such materials in the Great Basin.
Journal Article
New Methods for the Identification of Prehistoric Resins in the Southwest and Great Basin, U.S.A.: Proof of Concept
The use of various organic resins as mastics and sealants in prehistoric North America is well documented in the archaeological and ethnographic literature. While the utilization of the creosote lac resin by people in western North America is known, resinous materials discovered in archaeological contexts are most often attributed to genus \"Pinus\" without formal analysis, partly due to the difficulty and cost of standard methods of identification. Here, three new techniques for the identification of resinous materials are described that are simpler and more cost effective than previous methods, and which will hopefully lead to the further study and better understanding of this aspect of ancient technology.
Journal Article
Paleoindian-Age Fish Remains from the Tule Lake Rock Shelter, Northeastern California
Excavated in 1989-1990, the Tule Lake Rock Shelter was found to contain a deeply-buried Paleoindian deposit radiocarbon dated to between about 13,000 and 12,000 cal B.P. Subsequent analysis of the collection revealed the presence of a human inhumation, stemmed points, eyed bone needles, and a variety of faunal remains. This paper reports the identification and analysis of the fish remains from the Paleoindian deposit, adding to our understanding of Paleoindian adaptations in the northwestern Great Basin. We document the remains of two minnows (Cyprinidae), \"Siphateles bicolor\" (tui chub) and \"Gila coerulea\" (blue chub), along with up to three suckers (Catostomidae): \"Catostomus snyderi\" (Klamath largescale sucker), \"Chasmistes brevirostris\" (shortnose sucker), and \"Deltistes luxatus\" (Lost River sucker). In contrast with other studies of fish collections within the Klamath River Basin archaeological record, this very small sample contained a greater abundance of minnow remains compared to those of suckers.
Journal Article
A Kawaiisu Healing Cave
During a field trip to the Nettle Spring area in 1994, Andy Greene, a Kawaiisu elder, pointed out a small cave to one of us (MQS) that was located on the side of a hill southeast of Nettle Spring. He said that this cave was where the Kawaiisu people living at the Nettle Spring village site would go when they were ill. There was, however, more to this cave than just a place to go when one was sick. Andy said that the large, bushy plant growing just below the cave had medicinal healing powers; when someone from the village became sick, they would go to the cave, take a piece of the plant, grind it up m the mortars (or cupules) at the site, and use the mixture for healing. Andy noted that the village at Nettle Spring could be seen from the operung of the cave, so that an afflicted individual would not be cut off entirely from the everyday happenings of the village. The following is a brief report on this small cave and on the medicinal plant that Andy identified there. The site is now within Tomo Kahni State Historic Park, and is known as the \"Wizard Cave\" or supply the \"Healing Cave.\"
Journal Article
Notes on Paleofecal Materials from Chapman Caves No. 1 (CA-INY-1534A), Naval Air Weapons Station (NAWS), China Lake, California
Two coprolites recovered from the excavations at Chapman Caves 1 (CA-INY-1534A) were analyzed to determine their origins, and if possible to obtain data on human resource use at the site. Both specimens were determined to probably be canid in origin, but their presence within the cultural deposit may suggest they were from dogs belonging to the human occupants of the site. In addition the results of protein residue analysis from three other coprolites found on the surface of the site are reported.
Journal Article
Evolving Patterns of Villages in the Southwestern Mojave Desert, California
Early research into the settlement patterns in the Mojave Desert generally assumed that the region was occupied by small groups of mobile people moving from small settlement to small settlement on a seasonal basis and exploiting a wide variety of scarce resources (e.g., Steward 1938; Wallace 1962). This general settlement model was first articulated in the late 1950s as the “Desert Culture” (e.g., Jennings 1957) or “Desert Archaic” (e.g., Jennings 1973). Such a strategy would be generally similar to the “foragers” described by Binford (1980).
An alternative model was proposed by Bettinger (1978), who posited that some desert groups lived
Book Chapter
Cluster Analysis of Paleofecal Data Sets: A Test of Late Prehistoric Settlement and Subsistence Patterns in the Northern Coachella Valley, California
Data from human paleofecal samples can be used to address a variety of questions, primarily the reconstruction of diet, but also the analysis of nutrition, health, technology, and behavior Statistical analyses of constituents can be used to broaden the potential of paleofecal data, as well as to detail cuisine and to address larger issues of settlement/subsistence models. This potential is illustrated with a cluster analysis of paleofecal constituents from three late prehistoric period sites along the northern shore of ancient Lake Cahuilla, located in the Coachella Valley of southern California. These data were used to test competing settlement/subsistence models: one of large permanent lakeside villages dependent on lacustrine resources, and the other of seasonal, rather than permanent, lakeshore occupation. In addition, the analysis revealed additional details of diet and cuisine in the late prehistoric period.
Journal Article