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The developing world of DOHaD
Since its debut in a ground-breaking report by Barker and Osmond in 1986, the concept of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has been further developed in several aspects. Its methodology and conclusions relating to proposed origins and outcomes of early life events have been developing and spreading internationally. Indeed, the DOHaD concept now seems to have influenced many fields of research. This article aims to briefly review why the DOHaD concept is important in biomedical science, how it has developed, is currently developing, and how it should develop in future.
Journal Article
Eco living Japan : sustainable ideas for living green
Japan is as well known for its ecologically-sensitive traditional homes as it is for cutting-edge, green technology. This book presents 19 contemporary Japanese houses which exemplify the most recent trends in sustainable design in Japan. Each project presents different aspects of Japan's current movement toward a more sustainable living environment as well as its focus on fine craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology.
Book
Central Sensitization in Migraine: A Narrative Review
Central sensitization (CS) is an increase in the responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to their normal afferent input. As a result, even minor irritation can induce severe pain, leading to the chronicity and severity of various diseases, such as neurological disorders. CS is associated with migraine, which is a major neurological disorder that inflicts a high disability in daily life. Specifically, CS is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous allodynia as well as chronification of migraine. In this article, we reviewed the association between CS and migraine, including pathophysiological aspects and evidence from clinical studies. We suggest that appropriate screening and management of CS in migraine could further improve the quality of life of migraine patients.
Journal Article
Arboreal Space Use of Plestiodon japonicus in Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu Island, Japan
This study investigates arboreal behavior in the scincid lizard, Plestiodon japonicus, focusing on populations in mainland Japan. Previous research suggested that the population on the Danjo Islands uses trees for basking, but whether this behavior is widespread or a specific adaptation to the islands remained unclear. To explore this, camera traps were set up in a forest in Kumamoto Prefecture from June 2022 to October 2023, recording lizard behaviors. Climbing behaviors were observed at two sites, with five climbing events recorded over 9,570 camera-days. The lizards moved smoothly along tree trunks, with speeds comparable to arboreal lizards like Anolis. The current findings may provide a reliable record of a specific aspect of the species' broader habitat use.
Journal Article
GPS observations of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances over Europe
Two-dimensional structures of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over Europe have been revealed, for the first time, by using maps of the total electron content (TEC) obtained from more than 800 GPS receivers of the European GPS receiver networks. From statistical analysis of the TEC maps obtained 2008, we have found that the observed MSTIDs can be categorized into two groups: daytime MSTID and nighttime MSTID. The daytime MSTID frequently occurs in winter. Its maximum occurrence rate in monthly and hourly bin exceeds 70% at lower latitudes over Europe, whereas it is approximately 45% at higher latitudes. Since most of the daytime MSTIDs propagate southward, we speculate that they could be caused by atmospheric gravity waves in the thermosphere. The nighttime MSTIDs also frequently occur in winter but most of them propagate southwestward, in a direction consistent with the theory that polarization electric fields play an important role in generating the nighttime MSTIDs. The nighttime MSTID occurrence rate shows distinct latitudinal difference: The maximum of the occurrence rate in monthly and hourly bin is approximately 50% at lower latitudes in Europe, whereas the nighttime MSTID was rarely observed at higher latitudes. We have performed model calculations of the plasma density perturbations caused by a gravity wave and an oscillating electric field to reproduce the daytime and nighttime MSTIDs, respectively. We find that TEC perturbations caused by gravity waves do not show dip angle dependencies, while those caused by the oscillating electric field have a larger amplitude at lower latitudes. These dip angle dependencies of the TEC perturbation amplitude could contribute to the latitudinal variation of the MSTID occurrence rate. Comparing with previous studies, we discuss the longitudinal difference of the nighttime MSTID occurrence rate, along with the E- and F-region coupling processes. The seasonal variation, of the nighttime MSTID occurrence rate in Europe, is not consistent with the theory that the longitudinal and seasonal variations of the nighttime MSTID occurrence could be attributed to those of the Es layer occurrence.
Journal Article
Reduced marine phytoplankton sulphur emissions in the Southern Ocean during the past seven glacials
Marine biogenic sulphur affects Earth’s radiation budget and may be an indicator of primary productivity in the Southern Ocean, which is closely related to atmospheric CO
2
variability through the biological pump. Previous ice-core studies in Antarctica show little climate dependence of marine biogenic sulphur emissions and hence primary productivity, contradictory to marine sediment records. Here we present new 720,000-year ice core records from Dome Fuji in East Antarctica and show that a large portion of non-sea-salt sulphate, which was traditionally used as a proxy for marine biogenic sulphate, likely originates from terrestrial dust during glacials. By correcting for this, we make a revised calculation of biogenic sulphate and find that its flux is reduced in glacial periods. Our results suggest reduced dimethylsulphide emissions in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean during glacials and provide new evidence for the coupling between climate and the Southern Ocean sulphur cycle.
Ice core derived marine biogenic sulphate does not agree with marine sediment records. Here based on new ice core records spanning the past 720,000 years obtained from Dome Fuji the authors propose that dust contributed a higher percentage of sulphate aerosols than previously thought.
Journal Article
Effect of wing mass on the free flight of a butterfly-like model using immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann simulations
The wings of butterflies are relatively heavier than those of other insects, and the inertial force and torque due to the wing mass are likely to have a significant effect on agility and manoeuvrability in the flapping flight of butterflies. In the present study, the effect of wing mass on the free flight of butterflies is investigated by numerical simulations based on an immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method. We use a butterfly-like model consisting of two square wings with mass connected by a rod-shaped body. We simulate the free flights of the model by changing the ratio of the wing mass to the total mass of the model and also changing the mass distributions of the wings. As a result, we find that the aerodynamic vertical and horizontal forces decrease as the wing-mass ratio increases, since for a large wing-mass ratio the body has large vertical and horizontal oscillations in each stroke and consequently the speeds of the wing tip and the leading edge relatively decrease. In addition, we find that the wing-mass ratio has a dominant effect on the rotational motion of the model, and a large wing-mass ratio reduces aerodynamic force and intensifies the time variation of the pitching angle. From the results of our free flight simulations, we clarify the critical wing-mass ratio between upward flight and downward flight and find that the critical wing-mass ratio is a function of the non-dimensional total mass and almost independent of the wing length. Then, we evaluate the effect of the wing-mass distribution on the critical wing-mass ratio. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the model.
Journal Article
Phylogenetic study of the species within the family Streptomycetaceae
Species of the genus
Streptomyces
, which constitute the vast majority of taxa within the family
Streptomycetaceae
, are a predominant component of the microbial population in soils throughout the world and have been the subject of extensive isolation and screening efforts over the years because they are a major source of commercially and medically important secondary metabolites. Taxonomic characterization of
Streptomyces
strains has been a challenge due to the large number of described species, greater than any other microbial genus, resulting from academic and industrial activities. The methods used for characterization have evolved through several phases over the years from those based largely on morphological observations, to subsequent classifications based on numerical taxonomic analyses of standardized sets of phenotypic characters and, most recently, to the use of molecular phylogenetic analyses of gene sequences. The present phylogenetic study examines almost all described species (615 taxa) within the family
Streptomycetaceae
based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and illustrates the species diversity within this family, which is observed to contain 130 statistically supported clades, as well as many unsupported and single member clusters. Many of the observed clades are consistent with earlier morphological and numerical taxonomic studies, but it is apparent that insufficient variation is present in the 16S rRNA gene sequence within the species of this family to permit bootstrap-supported resolution of relationships between many of the individual clusters.
Journal Article
Seasonal change in attractiveness of salt water on female deer
Populations of large herbivores can be efficiently managed by regulating the number of females, which is directly related to recruitment. This study aims to determine seasonal changes in the attractiveness of salt water to female Sika deer (Cervus nippon) in order to cull females more efficiently. Females drank saltwater well at similar times of the year for saltwater with different installation dates. In particular, the frequency of drinking increased from early April to mid-July. Previous studies have shown that salt water is an effective attractant for capturing females, but the results of this study suggest that females may be captured more effectively in spring and early summer. This is the birthing season for sika deer. Culling females in late pregnancy and lactation may also directly reduce recruitment due to higher mortality of young. Saltwater-induced culling of female sika deer may be an effective method of managing overpopulation of the deer.
Journal Article