Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
10,457
result(s) for
"Swaminathan, S."
Sort by:
Combating hunger and achieving food security
\"Discusses the major causes of chronic and hidden hunger and emphasizes on the need to redesign farming system to increase food production\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
AI-powered BlindSpot VisionGuide system on raspberry Pi for enhancing independence of visually impaired users
This work describes BlindSpot-VisionGuide, an integrated, AI-based assistive system that aims to empower visually impaired people towards independence through real-time audio interaction. The system incorporates three fundamental capabilities—face recognition, image captioning, and reading online newspapers—into a voice-based platform deployable in Raspberry Pi hardware. The face recognition capability recognizes known people using deep facial embeddings and returns instant voice feedback. The image captioning module uses a transformer-based BLIP model to produce natural language descriptions of scenes captured. The online newspaper module fetches structured news content through APIs and converts it into speech through a text-to-speech engine. The voice interface is centralized for all the modules, enabling users to interact with their surroundings without their hands. The system has been tested for recognition accuracy, response time, and memory consumption on a Raspberry Pi 5. Experiments indicate that the platform operates reliably in all modules, striking a balance between computation and user-friendliness. Optimized for offline use and low-power devices, BlindSpot illustrates the practical applicability of embedded AI towards the creation of inclusive, scalable assistive technology. The authors conclude by noting potential extensions, such as object detection, multi-language support, and caregiver incorporation, making BlindSpot a fundamental model for vision-based accessibility systems of the next generation.
Journal Article
Structural basis for RNA replication by the hepatitis C virus polymerase
Nucleotide analog inhibitors have shown clinical success in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, despite an incomplete mechanistic understanding of NS5B, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Here we study the details of HCV RNA replication by determining crystal structures of stalled polymerase ternary complexes with enzymes, RNA templates, RNA primers, incoming nucleotides, and catalytic metal ions during both primed initiation and elongation of RNA synthesis. Our analysis revealed that highly conserved active-site residues in NS5B position the primer for in-line attack on the incoming nucleotide. A β loop and a C-terminal membrane–anchoring linker occlude the active-site cavity in the apo state, retract in the primed initiation assembly to enforce replication of the HCV genome from the 3′ terminus, and vacate the active-site cavity during elongation. We investigated the incorporation of nucleotide analog inhibitors, including the clinically active metabolite formed by sofosbuvir, to elucidate key molecular interactions in the active site.
Journal Article
High-speed Optical OFDM transmission by reducing the nonlinearity of LEDs in Visible light Communication Systems
The non-linearity of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) has limited the efficiency of visible Light Communication (VLC) in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER). In this report, we propose a model-driven Deep Learning (DL) strategy for Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (O-OFDM)-based VLC processes, that is employed as the Auto Encoder (AE) network system to minimize the LED non-linearity. The suggested system successfully includes communication domain knowledge into the design of the training cost function and network architecture, as opposed to the conventional fully computer-controlled autoencoder. Deep Recurrent Neural Network (Deep RNN) and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) are used at the emitter end to convert the binary data first into challenging I-Q codes for each O- OFDM sub-band. Then, for nonlinearity compensation and signal detection at the receiver, the symbol de-mapping is done and the demodulation is performed through a Deep RNN. DeepRNN's hidden layers are fine-tuned using the MMRFA algorithm for enhanced performance and efficiency. The proposed methodology performance is compared with the existing methods using performance metrics like BER, MSE, ACF, Power consumption, and Energy efficiency. The proposed solution outperforms several current approaches in terms of BER performances and improves operating duration, demonstrating the practicality and promise of DL in the VLC platform.
Journal Article
Small-molecule inhibition of CBP/catenin interactions eliminates drug-resistant clones in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains a major problem warranting new treatment strategies. Wnt/catenin signaling is critical for the self-renewal of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. Deregulated Wnt signaling is evident in chronic and acute myeloid leukemia; however, little is known about ALL. Differential interaction of catenin with either the Kat3 coactivator CREBBP (CREB-binding protein (CBP)) or the highly homologous EP300 (p300) is critical to determine divergent cellular responses and provides a rationale for the regulation of both proliferation and differentiation by the Wnt signaling pathway. Usage of the coactivator CBP by catenin leads to transcriptional activation of cassettes of genes that are involved in maintenance of progenitor cell self-renewal. However, the use of the coactivator p300 leads to activation of genes involved in the initiation of differentiation. ICG-001 is a novel small-molecule modulator of Wnt/catenin signaling, which specifically binds to the N-terminus of CBP and not p300, within amino acids 1–110, thereby disrupting the interaction between CBP and catenin. Here, we report that selective disruption of the CBP/β- and γ-catenin interactions using ICG-001 leads to differentiation of pre-B ALL cells and loss of self-renewal capacity. Survivin, an inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein, was also downregulated in primary ALL after treatment with ICG-001. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrate occupancy of the survivin promoter by CBP that is decreased by ICG-001 in primary ALL. CBP mutations have been recently identified in a significant percentage of ALL patients, however, almost all of the identified mutations reported occur C-terminal to the binding site for ICG-001. Importantly, ICG-001, regardless of CBP mutational status and chromosomal aberration, leads to eradication of drug-resistant primary leukemia in combination with conventional therapy
in vitro
and significantly prolongs the survival of NOD/SCID mice engrafted with primary ALL. Therefore, specifically inhibiting CBP/catenin transcription represents a novel approach to overcome relapse in ALL.
Journal Article
Expert Opinion to Optimize Clinical Outcomes of Bimatoprost Intracameral Implant Treatment
Achieving a target intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma has many barriers, some treatment specific and others patient specific. Nonadherence to IOP-lowering eyedrops is one of the major barriers to effective glaucoma treatment. There is a wide range of patients who may benefit from non-topical treatment modalities such as selective laser trabeculoplasty and sustained-release drug delivery, including those who face challenges with topical eyedrops, and those who find benefit in independence from daily medication administration. Sustained-release drug delivery options for lowering IOP include the bimatoprost intracameral implant 10 µg (Bim-I), a relatively new treatment option. This article provides expert opinion on the use of the implant based on available literature, supplementary analysis of clinical trial data, and the experience of the authors who have performed thousands of Bim-I administrations. A single administration of Bim-I has demonstrated the potential to reduce IOP and the need for topical IOP-lowering medication for up to 2 years. Evidence suggests that the safety profile of the implant is most favorable in patients with wide-open (Shaffer grade 4) angles. Recommendations regarding the administration procedure and patient follow-up are provided. The objective of this expert opinion is to help optimize patient selection for Bim-I administration, the implantation procedure, follow-up management, and clinical outcomes while minimizing and addressing potential complications.
Journal Article
Zero hunger
The United Nations (UN) designated 2014 as the International Year of Family Farming, recognizing that an estimated 500 million family farms, involving over 2 billion people, play a key role in food production and consumption worldwide. It is thus an opportune time to encourage a shift in tackling global hunger—from a “food security” focus to an agenda that promotes “nutrition security” instead. The drive to reduce hunger in the world has largely relied on crops such as wheat and rice that provide calories. But an increase in calories alone is not good enough. Improved diets and good health require bolstering nutrition.
Journal Article
Mass Sensors Based on Capacitive and Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers—CMUT and PMUT
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based mass sensors are proposed as potential candidates for highly sensitive chemical and gas detection applications owing to their miniaturized structure, low power consumption, and ease of integration with readout circuits. This paper presents a new approach in developing micromachined mass sensors based on capacitive and piezoelectric transducer configurations for use in low concentration level gas detection in a complex environment. These micromachined sensors operate based on a shift in their center resonant frequencies. This shift is caused by a change in the sensor’s effective mass when exposed to the target gas molecules, which is then correlated to the gas concentration level. In this work, capacitive and piezoelectric-based micromachined sensors are investigated and their principle of operation, device structures and configurations, critical design parameters and their candidate fabrication techniques are discussed in detail.
Journal Article