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Observation: A 61-year-old male patient presented with tongue and base floor of the mouth firm swelling with intact overlying mucosa with ballottement by bimanual palpation. Histopathological examination and immunodiagnosis revealed this mass as adult rhabdomyoma. Comments: Any tongue base or floor of the mouth mass with intact overlying mucosa should be approached by magnetic resonance imaging with great concern of rhabdomyoma.

Background We performed a search in the PubMed databases, Web of Science, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, and Cochrane Library using the keywords COVID-19, Novel coronavirus, corona, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, ENT, nose, anosmia, hyposmia, smell, olfactory, ORL, different ENT related symptoms. We reviewed published and peer-reviewed studies that reported the ENT manifestations in COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed positive patients. Main text Within the included 2549 COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed positive patients, smell affection was reported in 1453 patients (57%). The other reported ENT manifestations were taste disorder (49.2%), headache (42.8%), nasal blockage (26.3%), sore throat (25.7%), runny nose or rhinorrhea (21.3%), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (7.9%), and frequent sneezing (3.6%). Conclusion Smell affection in COVID-19 is common and could be one of the red flag signs in COVID-19 infection. With a sensitivity of utilized questionnaire in smell identification, a homogenous universal well-defined COVID-19 questionnaire is needed to make the COVID-19 data collection more sensible.

Background Worldwide, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis are highly prevalent conditions, and numerous researches have shown how they affect one another. Still, reports about surgical treatments remain limited. Aim To investigate the role of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) with posterior nasal nerve/vidian neurectomy, as a surgical protocol in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), and its effect on bronchial asthma (BA) patients’ quality of life and pulmonary function tests. Methods This study was a prospective observational study that involved 25 patients with BA and CRSwNP who underwent full-house FESS with bilateral posterior nasal nerve or vidian neurectomy in the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department and were evaluated in the Chest Department, Zagazig University, from May 2022 to December 2023. All included patients were subjected to pre- and post-operative respiratory assessments including spirometry, Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Also, all patients were subjected to pre- and post-operative nasal assessment including visual analog scale (VAS), nasal endoscopic evaluation, and routine CT paranasal sinus. Results This study included 25 patients (11 men and 14 women; age range 18–57 years; mean ± SD of age 33.24 ± 11.3 years). There were statistically significant increases as regards forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s according to preoperative, 3 months, and 6 months postoperative values. As regards ACQ, AQLQ, and VAS scores, there were highly statistically significant improvements according to preoperative, 3 months, and 6 months postoperative follow-up scores. Asthma medication step-down was successful in 52% of patients after 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions The quality of life, pulmonary function, and nasal symptoms of people with bronchial asthma combined with CRSwNP can both be alleviated after posterior nasal nerve/vidian neurectomy beside FESS.

Dysfunction of ET and the gas exchange mechanism in the middle ear are important factors that affect the induction and persistence of OME.ET dysfunction induces hypoxic conditions in the middle ear of patients with OME. Additionally, in hypoxic conditions, hypoxia induces the expression of a group of physiologically important genes such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). Middle ear hypoxia resulting from ET obstruction and causing the release of hypoxia-induced factors and cytokines has been proposed as another mechanism of OME. Myringotomy for aspiration of serous or mucoid effusion can be made in a radial fashion, either in the anteroinferior or the anterosuperior quadrants, avoidingexcessive damage to the fibrous layer and thus preventing development of a thin triangular scar at the site of the incision. In chronic OME the myringotomy incision rapidely heals with reaccumulation of the fluid, and insertion of a VT facilitates longer lasting middle ear reventilation. Myringotomy and aspiration may be more areasonable treatment in adults who can undergo the procedure in the office. The benefit is that immediate improvement in hearing and symptoms of aural fullness and pressure are possible. The drawback is that the incision usually heals within 1 week, whereas the underlying problem of eustachian tube dysfunction takes longer to resolve (6 wk on average); therefore, recurrences are common. The position of hypertrophied adenoids may alter the final otologic outcome of patients requiring pressure equalization tubes insertion for OME. Patients withadenoids abutting the torus tubaris may benefit most from an adjuvant adenoidectomy. A strong recommendation that adenoidectomy should be performed unless when indication exists such as nasal obstruction or chronic adenoiditis

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles using surface electromyography (EMG) in patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. Patients and methods This prospective study was carried out on 25 patients who had ZMC fractures. Fifteen patients were managed by open reduction and rigid fixation (ORIF) using titanium miniplates. This study, using surface electromyography, analyzed the activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles of 25 patients with ZMC fractures; 15 of them were surgically treated under general anesthesia (GA). Evaluations were made before surgery and 6 weeks after surgery by recording the mean of muscle contraction of 20 motor unit action potential (MUAP) against resistance, and statistical analyses were performed. Results A significant EMG difference between the normal and ZMC fracture sides was found ( P  < 0.0001) for both masseter and temporalis muscles and was significantly improved after ORIF. However, postoperative EMV values of the repaired side was significantly less than measured postoperatively in the normal side ( P  < 0.0001) for both muscles. Conclusion ZMC fractures significantly diminish muscular activity of the masseter and temporalis and even though significant recovery of muscle activity was revealed after 6 weeks, it is still less than normal activity, highlighting the importance of postoperative rehabilitation.

To report the unusual site of commonly presented benign tumor (lipoma). We here present a case of a 17-year-old female patient who presented with painless swelling of the helix of the right auricle slowly growing since 1-year. histopathological examination of an excisional biopsy obtained from radiation therapy helical swelling confirms the diagnosis lipoma. Helical Lipoma is a very unusual location for a very common tumor.

The aim is to report an unusual site of aural foreign body (FB) and rare cause of granulomatous myringitis. We present the case of a 37-year-old male who presented with progressive radiation therapy otalgia, otorrhea, and aural fullness after unskillful aural FB removal, and diagnostic microscopic examination of the ear shows missed impacted transcendental meditation FB leading to granulomatous myringitis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection mainly affects respiratory system. Later, liver affection has also been reported in the form of marked elevated liver enzymes. However, the association of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and autoimmune diseases is not clear. AIHA patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be at risk of uncontrolled disease and should continue their treatment regimen. Histopathology has a role in the diagnosis of liver affection due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

BackgroundFetal metabolism is altered by maternal hyperglycaemia. The most likely structure in the fetal heart to be impacted by hyperglycemia is the myocardial tissue. There is a correlation between utero-placental inadequate perfusion and elevated umbilical resistance in pre-eclamptic pregnancies, which ultimately impacts the heart’s development. Therefore, a higher fetal cardiac afterload brought on by an increased placental vascular resistance may result in a changed fetal cardiac function. The objective of the study is to compare pregnant women with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes to healthy controls in order to assess the effects of the fetal Mod-MPI.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 106 pregnant women aged from 19 to 43 years old & the gestational age from 20th week of gestation to 38th week of gestation, singleton pregnancies who attended the routine antenatal scan or referred for fetal echocardiography, The patients were divided into three groups, control group (n = 53): Healthy women with no pregnancy related complications, GDM group (n = 18) and Preeclampsia group (n = 35).Aim of the StudyIs to compare pregnant women with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes to healthy controls in order to assess the effects of the fetal Modified Myocardial Performance Index (Mod-MPI).We hypothesized that Mod-MPI would be significantly elevated in fetuses of GDM and preeclamptic pregnancies compared to controls.ResultsThe Mod-MPI exhibited significant differences among the groups. Both GDM and preeclampsia groups had higher mean Mod-MPI values (0.67 ± 0.12 and 0.65 ± 0.16, respectively), indicative of compromised cardiac function, compared to the control group with a lower Mod-MPI of 0.47 ± 0.06 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the GDM and preeclampsia groups.ConclusionMod-MPI appears to be a useful adjunctive parameter for the assessment of fetal cardiac function in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. Key findings reveal that both conditions are associated with significant alterations in cardiac function parameters, including higher Mod-MPI values, indicative of impaired cardiac function compared to healthy controls.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Interestingly, lncRNA-H19 acts independently in HCC and influences miR-675 expressions. We aimed to assess the potential utility of tissue lncRNA-H19 versus miR-675 expressions as a non-invasive biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis in Egyptian patients. Ninety-one HCC patients and 91 controls included in this study were investigated for expression of lncRNA-H19 and miR675 using RT-qPCR. Our results showed that the expression of lncRNA-H19 and microRNA-675 were higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.001 for both). Additionally, lncRNA-H19 expression was higher in tumorous than in non-tumorous tissue (p < 0.001). Linear regression revealed that miR-675 expression was a significantly higher positive predictor than lncRNA-H19 for tumor size, pathologic grade, and AFP level; similarly, for cyclin D1 and VEGF protein expression. By using the ROC curve, the sensitivity of miR-675 was higher than lncRNA-H19 for discriminating HCC from controls (95–89%, respectively) and the sensitivity of lncRNA-H19 was higher in tumorous than in non-tumorous tissues (76%). The high expressions of both were associated with low OS (p < 0.001, 0.001, respectively). Oncofetal H19-derived miR-675 expression could be considered a potential noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, outstanding the performance of the expression of tissue lncRNA-H19 for HCC.