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"Sweet, Rosemary"
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Cities and the grand tour : the British in Italy, c.1690-1820
\"How did eighteenth-century travellers experience, describe and represent the urban environments they encountered as they made the Grand Tour? This fascinating book focuses on the changing responses of the British to the cities of Florence, Rome, Naples and Venice, during a period of unprecedented urbanisation at home. Drawing on a wide range of unpublished material, including travel accounts written by women, Rosemary Sweet explores how travel literature helped to create and perpetuate the image of a city; what the different meanings and imaginative associations attached to these cities were; and how the contrasting descriptions of each of these cities reflected the travellers' own attitudes to urbanism. More broadly, the book explores the construction and performance of personal, gender and national identities, and the shift in cultural values away from neo-classicism towards medievalism and the gothic, which is central to our understanding of eighteenth-century culture and the transition to modernity\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
THE PRESERVATION OF CROSBY HALL, c. 1830–1850
This article offers a case-study of an early preservation campaign to save the remains of the fifteenth-century Crosby Hall in Bishopsgate, London, threatened with demolition in 1830, in a period before the emergence of national bodies dedicated to the preservation of historic monuments. It is an unusual and early example of a successful campaign to save a secular building. The reasons why the Hall's fate attracted the interest of antiquaries, architects, and campaigners are analysed in the context of the emergence of historical awareness of the domestic architecture of the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as well as wider recognition of the importance of this period for Britain's urban and commercial development. The Hall's associations with Richard III and other historic figures, including Thomas More and Thomas Gresham, are shown to have been particularly important in generating wider public interest, thereby allowing the campaigners to articulate the importance of the Hall in national terms. The history of Crosby Hall illuminates how a discourse of national heritage emerged from the inherited tradition of eighteenth-century antiquarianism and highlights the importance of the social, professional, and familial networks that sustained proactive attempts to preserve the nation's monuments and antiquities.
Journal Article
WILLIAM GELL AND POMPEIANA (1817–19 AND 1832)
This article offers an analysis of the preparation, publication and reception of the two separate versions of William Gell's Pompeiana, texts that exercised a formative influence over Victorian understanding of not just Roman Pompeii, but of domestic Roman life more broadly throughout the nineteenth century, and that highlight a transition from eighteenth-century antiquarianism to a more ‘archaeological’ approach to the past in the nineteenth century. Using unpublished correspondence that has been overlooked by other scholarship on Gell, it argues that the form and content of the volumes responded to both contemporary fascination with the history of domestic life and the need for an affordable volume on Pompeii. But the volumes also reflected many of Gell's more personal interests, developed in a career of travelling in Greece, Asia Minor and Spain, and were a product of his circumstances: they were conceived in order that Gell (and his coadjutor John Peter Gandy in the first edition) might earn much-needed additional income, and were a means through which Gell could consolidate his social position in Naples by establishing his authoritative expertise on Pompeii. L'articolo offre un'analisi della preparazione, pubblicazione e ricezione delle due diverse versioni dei Pompeiana, testi che hanno esercitato un ruolo di primo piano per la comprensione della Pompei romana non solo in età vittoriana, ma anche più in generale nel XIX secolo in relazione alla conoscenza della vita quotidiana romana. Essi hanno inoltre contribuito alla transizione dall'antiquaria del XVIII secolo a un approccio più ‘archeologico’ dello studio del passato nel corso del XIX secolo. Tramite l'analisi di corrispondenza inedita, fino ad oggi trascurata negli studi su Gell, nel saggio si sostiene come la forma e il contenuto dei volumi corrispondessero sia all'interesse del tempo per la storia quotidiana sia al bisogno di un volume accessibile su Pompei. Ma i volumi riflettono anche molti degli interessi personali di Gell, sviluppati nei suoi viaggi in Grecia, Asia Minore e Spagna, e possono essere considerati in buona sostanza prodotti delle circostanze: erano infatti stati ideati così che Gell (e il suo co-autore John Peter Gandy nella prima edizione) potessero guadagnare un reddito aggiuntivo assai utile. Erano inoltre mezzi attraverso i quali Gell poteva consolidare la sua posizione sociale in Napoli, grazie alla sua autorevole competenza su Pompei.
Journal Article
BRITISH PERCEPTIONS OF FLORENCE IN THE LONG EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
Studies of the Grand Tour conventionally focus upon the art and antiquities of Italy rather than the urban environment in which the tourists found themselves, and they generally stop short in the 1790s. This article examines the perceptions and representations of Florence amongst British visitors over the course of the long eighteenth century up to c. 1820 in order to establish continuity between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It considers why it was that British travellers appeared to be particularly attracted to Florence: initially they responded to congenial and pleasant surroundings, the availability of home comforts, and a sparkling social life. In the later eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Florence acquired new meanings for the British, who began to identify and admire a civilization which had been based upon mercantile wealth and liberty: the foundations for the Victorian celebration of Florence were laid. But the experience of Florence as a city had also changed: it was no longer simply the showcase of the Medici dukes. As a consequence the buildings, monuments, and paintings of the republican period, as well as the history which they embodied, came into focus for the first time.
Journal Article
Local identities and a national parliament, c. 1688–1835
The increase in parliamentary activity following the Glorious Revolution of 1688 is one of the most conspicuous features of the eighteenth-century landscape, and a large proportion of the growing volume of legislation arose from local bills. More recently, historians have also been alerted to the significance of failed legislation which reveals even higher levels of business emanating from the localities.² Legislation of both kinds, national and local, attracted an even greater volume of petitions for and against, and the growth of petitioning activity was a crucial element in the development of an increasingly sophisticated political nation outside Westminster.³ As John
Book Chapter
Women, feminism and religion in early Enlightenment England
(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.) This deeply thoughtful and thought-provoking book offers a powerful re-evaluation of the late seventeenth-century flowering of prophetic women's writing. The novelty of the volume, however, lies in Apetrei's emphasis on the centrality of religion and interior spirituality, rather than arguments for civil rights or racial equality, as the inspiration for what modern historians now identify as feminism, that is the insistence upon the dignity of women's nature and the pre-eminence of the female sex. Rather than focusing on a particular brand of female piety - Quakers, Philadelphians, Behmenists or High Church Anglicans - Apetrei identifies a common critique of the social order in response to a sense of moral, political and social crisis, which in turn drew its strength from a deeply held belief in inward spirituality and women's importance as agents of spiritual renewal and moral reform.
Journal Article
