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Largetooth Flounder Pseudorhombus arsius is a demersal fish that lives in sea and brackish waters of the Indo-West Pacific. This study aims to understand the reproductive strategies and sustainable fisheries management of P. arsius by analyzing the morphological and morphometric characteristics of male and female gonads. The samples were collected from the fishermens catches in the Makassar Strait Waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study examined gonad morphology, color and shape, and morphometric parameters. The results showed that the female ovaries were larger and heavier than the male testes. This has to do with the r-strategy, which produces male sperm quickly and effectively, and the K-strategy, which requires a significant investment in egg formation. These variations in approach show how organisms have evolved to adapt to unstable situations in tropical settings. These results provide important information for sustainable fisheries management, especially in determining the spawning season and minimum catch size, which allows the population to reproduce optimally. So, this morphological and morphometric data-based method can protect the P. arsius population from overexploitation and environmental changes. It also maintains the balance of the ecosystem and generates sustainable economic benefits for local communities by preserving the P. arsius fish stock.

Seaweed farming is essential for various industries, including carrageenan production. Although global fisheries do not directly depend on seaweed farming, seaweed farming contributes significantly to both the volume and value of production in the sector. This study aimed to assess the impact of the current method of transporting seaweed seedlings. This study simulated conventional transportation conditions by transporting K. striatum seedlings from Jeneponto Regency to the research location in Makassar City using plastic sacks without water. The study used three series of five tanks with a circulating water system. Three bundles of seaweed were placed in each tank. All three series received the same treatment and were considered as replicates. Over a fourteen day period, the weight decreased from 25.49 ± 0.25 g to 8.60 ± 6.74 g. This study shows that K. striatum suffered a significant weight loss in 21 days of rearing, representing a considerable loss. This decrease was probably caused by physiological stress due to dehydration and tissue damage during transportation. However, further research is required to test the assumptions from this preliminary study.

The current status of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the water environment in Malaysia was examined and reported. For inspection, two rivers and two sewage treatment plants (STPs) were selected. Two activated carbons derived from oil palm (ACfOPS) and coconut (ACfCS) shells were proposed as the adsorbent to remove AgNPs. It was found that the concentrations of AgNPs in the rivers and STPs are in the ranges of 0.13 to 10.16 mg L −1 and 0.13 to 20.02 mg L −1 , respectively, with the highest concentration measured in July. ACfOPS and ACfCS removed up to 99.6 and 99.9% of AgNPs, respectively, from the water. The interaction mechanism between AgNPs and the activated carbon surface employed in this work was mainly the electrostatic force interaction via binding Ag + with O − presented in the activated carbon to form AgO. Fifteen kinetic models were compared statistically to describe the removal of AgNPs. It was found that the experimental adsorption data can be best described using the mixed 1,2-order model. Therefore, this model has the potential to be a candidate for a general model to describe AgNPs adsorption using numerous materials, its validation of which has been confirmed with other material data from previous works.

Morphometric and meristic characteristics are essential for fisheries resource conservation. This study analyzes the morphometric and meristic characteristics of the horn-nosed boxfish Ostracion rhinorhynchos . Samples were collected from fishermen’s catches landed at the Paotere Fish Auction Place, Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research sample comprised 45 males and 45 females. Morphometric data consisted of 14 parameters, and meristic data consisted of 4 parameters. The t-test was used to compare the average values of morphometric parameters between male and female boxfish. Principal Component Analysis was used to analyze the morphometric characteristics between male and female fish populations. Morphometric parameters of male and female O. rhinorhynchos did not differ significantly, indicating no apparent sexual dimorphism in external morphology. However, morphometric features such as body height, fin length, and head length were influenced by fish body size; larger fish had higher morphometric traits. The meristic characteristics of O. rhinorhynchos were not influenced by sex because both had the same meristic formula. The results improve our understanding of the morphometric and meristic features of O. rhinorhynchos .

This study aimed to identify aspects related to the condition and institutional capacity of BUMDes (Village Owned Enterprises) in order to increase added value, marketing and seaweed farming income. This study was conducted in Takalar and Pangkep Regency as seaweed production centers and ponds in South Sulawesi. The research method used in this research was a case study with descriptive data analysis. The results shown that in the two regions there were about 62 BUMDes in Takalar Regency which spreaded in eight districts, and 55 BUMDes in Pangkep Regency spreaded in 12 districts. BUMDes are known as actively rural business units (units) but it is still not well institutionalized. Mostly BUMDes business still revolves around saving and loan businesses in a small scale. Observations in two BUMdes in seaweed production centers, namely in Laikang, Takalar Regency and in Pitusunggu, Pangkep Regency, BUMDes management has not been much in touch with seaweed agribusiness activities. The seaweed-related business unit in the BUMDes is mainly in Pangkep, in the form of processed food products (pastries) whose marketing is still limited so that added value and income are also still low. Other businesses such as trading seaweed products on a larger scale, cannot yet be developed because (1) generally seaweed farmers/cultivators use village middlemen (capital owners) so that their products must be sold back to the capital owners so that the BUMDes can make farmers as business partners (2) adequacy of BUMDes venture capital to develop businesses is still limited (3) skills of BUMDes members in managing businesses is lack (4) marketing reach, has not developed yet, (5) efforts to build partnerships with parties others are also lacking. In the next stage, the appropriate model in the development of the BUMdes is needed.

Purpose of Review The use of algae for remediation of toxic pollutants seems to be promising since they also provide some advantages such as the production of valuable products and their capability to capture CO 2 during the photosynthesis, which potentially decrease greenhouse gas emission. This paper reviews the evidence for highlighting the effectiveness of the use of living or non-living algal cells for treating polluted waters. Recent Findings Removal efficiency and sorption capacity of algal non-living cells are higher than in living cells because of cell membrane disruption (leading to enhancement of intracellular pollutants binding) and the improvement of specific surface area. For the kinetic and isotherm modeling, there is no single powerful model for a wide range of pollutants and type of algae, indicating that the mechanism is quite specific depending on the type of algae, type of pollutants, and environmental conditions. The removal mechanism of pollutants by living and non-living algae can be considered as an exothermic reaction and physical sorption from many published reports. Summary The use of non-living cells was more effective compared to living cells for a wide range of pollutants since the non-living cells performed better removal efficiency and sorption capacity as well as easy to handle. This review is useful to pave a good strategy for designing a greener technology for future environmental pollutants remediation particularly within the domain of algal-based technology.

The occurrence of newly emerging contaminants such as estrogens in water environment has the potential negative effects to human health as well as the surrounding wildlife. This demands efficient approaches for their removals from the water environment. Among all feasible solutions, biodegradation shows promising prospects to remediate estrogens from the environment since it is relatively economical and environmentally friendly compared to chemical and physical treatment approaches. To offer coverage on the present advances of this technology, this paper critically reviews the opportunities and challenges for bioremediation of estrogens using bacteria, fungi, and algae. In general, the capabilities to remove estrogens from water environments by bacteria, fungi, and algae have been highlighted and discussed. Additionally, several advantages and disadvantages are recognized before they are implemented widely in full-scale treatments. Moreover, a comprehensive discussion on the transformation of estrogens using these organisms is also presented, showing vividly that estrogens can be transformed into less toxic chemicals. The review ends by offering several prospective areas for expansion in the future specifically in focusing on the evaluation of other available microorganisms that can survive under numerous hostile environmental conditions, since, in the real application, complex mixtures and extreme environmental conditions are commonly observed particularly in the wastewater treatment systems.

Purpose of Review The use of conventional chemical coagulant in treatment of wastewater is gaining great attention. Drawbacks related to the prolonged effects on human health and environment due to the generation of by-product non-biodegradable sludge are becoming the latest topics. Transition from chemical to natural coagulant can be a good strategy to reduce the aforementioned drawbacks. Therefore, this review aims to provide critical discussions on the use of natural coagulant along with the comparative evaluation over the chemical coagulant. Recent Findings Treatment performances by chemical and natural coagulant have been reviewed on various types of wastewater with different success rates. Based on this review, a transition from the use of chemical to natural coagulant is highly suggested as the performance of the natural coagulant is comparable to that of the chemical coagulant and in some cases even better. The comparative advantages and disadvantages also convinced that the natural coagulant stands a great chance to be used as an alternative over the chemical coagulant. Summary Though the current utilization of natural coagulant is encouraging, three main aspects were overlooked by researchers: active coagulant agent, extraction, and optimization due to different wastewater characteristics. Furthermore, delving into these aspects could clarify the uncertainties on the natural coagulant. Hence, it makes this transition a prospect of green technology with sustainable application towards wastewater treatment.

This study aims to examine the pattern of group formation, related to the stimulation of change through the empowerment of farmers and poor fishermen The pattern of group formation is the basis for sustainable development. The research method used is qualitative descriptive method and relevant research type such as case study and triangulasi. The results of the study showed that (1) stimulation of changes made through development programs or community empowerment in the areas studied both among farm households and poor fishermen households for some programs received positive response from farmers and fishermen. However, the collective commitment to the breeding is relatively weak, since the group formed in each program is not done through good planning and concepts. (2) there are two patterns of group formation that are natural and formed formations initiated by outsiders. Groups that are naturally formed are more institutionalized and have characteristics such as intense and relatively routine interaction, strong mutual trust, and have a common form or mechanism shared for common purposes. The group can form the basis for sustainable development in improving the welfare of the poor.

Purpose of Review This paper aims to critically review the current status of groundwater usage from the point of view of pollutant control and integrated management. Recent Findings This paper has shown that sustainable efforts must be encouraged to minimize the arsenic content from all the possible sources before entering the groundwater system. Excessive nitrate and pesticide utilization must be significantly reduced for a sustainable environment. Although various in situ remediation technologies are possible to remove some contaminants in the groundwater, the future concern is how it can be carried out in accordance with environmental sustainable goal such as the implementation of in situ bioremediation and bioelectroremediation which provide a cheaper and greener solution compared to physical and chemical approaches. To develop a successful integrated management for a sustainable groundwater usage in the future, conjunctive water management is recommended as it involves the management of ground and surface water resources to enhance security of water supply and environmental sustainability. Summary This paper critically reviews the current state of knowledge concerning groundwater usage from the point of view of pollutant control and integrated management. Information presented in this paper is highly useful for the management of groundwater not only in the quality point of view but also in the sustainable quantity for future development.