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Underwater noise has become a critical issue in oceanographic and marine ecological research because of increasing anthropogenic activities such as commercial shipping, offshore operations, and coastal infrastructure development. The Makassar Strait, a major international shipping corridor connecting the Pacific and Indian Oceans, is subject to intense vessel traffic that significantly contributes to acoustic pressure in the marine environment. This study quantifies and characterizes underwater noise levels in the Makassar Strait using in situ hydrophone measurements and acoustic spectral and statistical analyses conducted at 19 observation stations. The results indicate elevated sound pressure levels in proximity to the primary shipping lanes, with dominant acoustic energy concentrated below 1 kHz, consistent with large-vessel noise signatures. While propagation analysis suggests that the recorded noise levels do not exceed the temporary or permanent threshold shift criteria for marine mammals based on the NMFS (2024) guidelines, several locations exhibit high sound exposure levels that may increase the potential for behavioral disturbance and acoustic masking. These findings highlight the ecological significance of underwater noise in the Makassar Strait, and underscore the importance of incorporating acoustic considerations into marine spatial planning and environmental management strategies in Indonesian waters.

This study examined the implementation of differentiated learning in the Merdeka Curriculum and its impact on strengthening the Pancasila learner profile in students in Yogyakarta. Using the countenance stake evaluation model with a qualitative approach, this study involved 17 teachers from five elementary schools. The results showed teachers’ positive perceptions of differentiated learning, with 82.4% of teachers finding the curriculum flexible. Strategies implemented by teachers included early assessment, project-based learning, and continuous evaluation. Learners showed positive responses, with 58.8% strongly reflecting Pancasila values in their daily lives. Differentiated learning is proven to improve learning motivation, material understanding, and internalization of Pancasila values. This study concludes that differentiated learning in the Merdeka Curriculum has the potential to create a young generation that is adaptive, creative, and has a strong character according to the values of Pancasila. Further research can optimize the integration of this approach into learning practices and evaluate its overall impact.

This study aims to determine the content of n-alkanes in the sediment around the coast of Makassar using the MOPI (Marine Oil Pollution Index) indicator. The method includes the sediment sampling from nine different stations with the Phleger Corer Sampler in gravimetric analysis to identify the concentration of organic material extract and aliphatic fraction. To identify the characteristic of n-alkane hydrocarbons, gas chromatography of mass spectra method was applied. The results of the aliphatic fraction (F1) analysis of the coastal sediments which were contaminated with low biogenic - petrogenic have a MOPI scores of 3, which is supported by a high UCM (Unresolved Complex Mixture) and n-alkane identified between C1-C44. While the sediments that come from natural processes, pure - biogenic and biogenic, have MOPI scores ​​between 1 and 2. This is supported by the chromatogram profile with an area of ​​UCM generally smaller by n-alkanes identified between C15-C58

The study aimed to map the investment opportunities in the fisheries sector and the development of a designated minapolitan area (a regional-based marine and fisheries economic development). Specifically, this study aimed to (1) identify potential investment in the fisheries sector, including locations and potential area of coastal pond development, area of inland ponds and associated fishery households, area of cages and associated fishery households, (2) identify the development of a minapolitan area, which includes its primary commodities, and record the fish production data of Pulang Pisau Regency, (3) formulate investment opportunities and constraints in the fisheries sector. Descriptive qualitative analysis was utilized as the analytical method through an objective data processing obgtained from government agencies related to potential regional maps that had been previously explored, verified, selected, and formulated into regional investment potential. The identified investment opportunities include (1) the provision of fish processing plants, (2) the provision of cold storage facilities, (3) the provision of sediment tanks and (4) the cultivation of snakehead fish (Channa striata). This article offers an action plan to develop investment opportunities and attract the interest of investors to commit their investments in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan.

This study conducts an analysis related to distribution and source of PAH in sediment around Makassar coast. Sediment sample has been taken up using Van Veen grab and put in a plastic sac, brought to laboratory, added with salt, stored in dried freezer, and followed for PAH analysis. Sample preparation has been carried out using DCM and n-hexane (1:1) solvent to obtain extract of organic matter (EOM). The EOM is fractionated to yield alkane fraction (F1) and aromatic fraction (F2) containing PAH. The GC-FID has been used to determine PAH concentration through analysis of F2. Validation of the analytical method applies linearity, LoD, and LoQ. The recovery test has fulfilled for all PAH compounds except for naphthalene and fluoranthene. The highest concentration of PAHs is found at station 7 with benzo(a)antracene 933.23±3.88 ppm and perylene 205.75±19.45 ppm. The lowest total concentration of PAHs is found at station 12 located at the estuary of Tello River caused by dilution from both river and sea water. The source of PAHs in sediment is generally from petrogenic and pirolytic process.

Background: Persistent immune activation and inflammation in HIV-infection are linked to excess cardiovascular risk and other non-communicable diseases. Periodic asymptomatic CMV-reactivity in HIV infected patients over a lifetime may contribute to non-AIDS defining morbidity. Despite undetectable levels of HIV and CMV, these patients continue to have increased levels of biomarkers and immune activations. Statin administration is thought to reduce subclinical atherosclerosis by decreasing LDL-C levels. It may also add beneficial effects against CMV infection. Methods: We are conducting a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in which patients are randomized to receive either atorvastatin or placebo with a ratio of 1:1. This trial aims to study the effect of atorvastatin in statin-naive virally-suppressed HIV-infected patients with stable ART and CMV seropositivity on carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), tool that evaluates subclinical atherosclerosis. The study recruits 80 patients at HIV integrated care unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. All eligible subjects have CIMT evaluation as primary outcome, along with flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD), liver fibrosis and steatosis evaluation, fasting lipid, neurocognitive test, community periodontal index (CPI), and residual immune activation as secondary outcomes in 48 weeks. Ethics and dissemination: This study has received an ethical approval from Health Research Ethics Commitee-Universitas Indonesia and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Before joining the study, all participants fill in an informed consent form. At the end of study analysis, the trial results will be published and disseminated in peer-reviewed journals. Discussion: The main purpose of our study is to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin administration on CIMT changes in statin naïve virally suppressed HIV-infected patients with stable ART and CMV seropositivity Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04101136; registered on 24 September 2019.

Most color constancy algorithms implement a color correction process that performs globally for the entire input pixel image. This process leads to a saturation problem and overcorrected images, especially in overexposed regions, thereby resulting in contrast inconsistency and incorrect true-color image objects. Each pixel in an input image should have a different correction range value. Pixels with high probability to be saturated or overcorrected should not be treated similarly as pixels with low probability. Thus, this study proposes a new color correction algorithm that aims to reduce the effects of the saturation phenomenon and overcorrected color images while enhancing the image contrast. To achieve this objective, the proposed algorithm consists of two main processes, namely, color correction and contrast enhancement. A shifting process is nonlinearly applied to each pixel in a 2D two-channel CIELAB color space. Each pixel has a different corrected rate depending on the adaptive limit value and the reference point. Subsequently, the global and local contrast corrections are executed on the L channel to enhance the image contrast. Qualitative and quantitative results on 653 outdoor; 818 indoor; and 1394 underwater images show that the proposed algorithm outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms in producing enhanced color constancy and contrast. The proposed algorithm also reduces noise effects and improves the details of an image without creating unnatural and inaccurate color constancy.

The coral reef existence at eastern front of Mahakam Delta has never been investigated, since the water condition and bottom substrate have been considered unsuitable for the coral reef development. Interestingly, thirty genera of hard coral in eleven families and eleven genera of soft coral in six families were found from this research. Video belt transect methods discovered poor/bad to fair/moderate of coral cover condition. These results confirmed that coral reef does exist at eastern front of Mahakam Delta, Tani Baru Village, Anggana Sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan Province.

This research aims to obtain the moisture and fat content in the determination of the concentration of PAH in the Green Mussels (Pernaviridis L) around the coast of Makassar and viewing the content of PAH in the green mussels at each station. Based on the analysis of moisture and fat content, the higher the content the smaller the PAH concentration will be obtained. PAH concentrations in the green mussels in 17 station sampling are only found on 3 stations. These stations are analyzed and acquired the highest moisture content at station 8 (IKI 1) which allows to obtain the PAH concentration in small quantities. It is supported with fat content that slightly greater than the green mussels on station 14 (UTA 1), while the higher fat content that is at station 17 (LAE 1) indicates the ability of a green mussel to deter the PAH accumulated in the body of green mussels so that its content has decreased. The total of PAH concentration from each sation, the sampling of the green mussels retrieved most at station 9 (IKI 4-5 cm) with the large size i.e. 336.56 ppm, it caused by the area that is not too far from Sukarno-Hatta port area as well as the Makassar industrial area (KIMA) as well as the activities of motorcycle traffic that is very crowd. Based on the rule of MKLH that the PAH content in thw samples of the green mussels are already not comsumable so that we need to be careful especially for the communities around the coast of Makassar. Furthermore, this research is beneficial for researchers who are willing to conduct further research about the causes of the high content of PAH in Green Mussels around the coast of Makassar. Also, researchers will be able to expand such research in other locations.

This study aimed to assess the water quality in Toro River and to analyze the status of pollution using the Storet method according to the regulation on quality standards in Minister of Environment Decree number 115 of 2003 and the quality standards of Minister of Environment Decree No. 179 of 2004. The research was carried out for 3 months from September to November 2022, in the Toro River, Toro Village, Bone Regency. Data was taken directly in the field consisting of water samples at 10 stations and soil sediments at 5 stations randomly. The results showed that the range of water quality parameter values observed were Ammonia 0.12-0.31 mg/L, Phosphate 0.0021-0.0082 mg/L, Nitrate 0.16-2.41 mg/L, Nitrite 0.0055-0.018 mg/L, Cd 0.001-0.013 mg/L, Pb 0 mg/L, Temperature 32.1-34.4°C, DO 2.48-8.14 mg/L, pH 6.33-8.14, salinity 3-25 ‰, BOD 2-5.12, COD 6.96-81.69 mg/L, TOM 14.26-46.79 mg/L. Based on a comparison of data per parameter with water quality standards from Minister of Environment Decree number 179 of 2004, it shows that the Nitrate and Cadmium (Cd) parameters have exceeded the water quality standard thresholds. Based on the analysis of the Storet value system, it was known that the waters of the Toro River are included in the class C category, namely moderately polluted with a score of-28. Pollution control in the Toro River needs to be done in order to maintain environmental conditions that are not polluted.