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This research examines a variety of restrictions preventing Bangladeshi youth, particularly Generation Z university students, from becoming involved in entrepreneurship. Moreover, the study examines the influence of Entrepreneurial Attitude (EA), Subjective Entrepreneurial Norms (SEN), Entrepreneurial Perceived Behavioural Control (EPBC), and Entrepreneurial Resilience (ER) on Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) of Bangladeshi Gen Z university students. A systematic literature review methodology following PRISMA procedure was performed to identify the relevant articles. A quantitative method with a positivism philosophy, cross-sectional time horizon and deductive approach was applied to the study. The data of 206 university students from the BBA department of ten universities were collected using convenience sampling and a self-administrated structured questionnaire survey. SPSS 26.0 and Smart PLS 3.0 were used to analyse the data. The output shows a positive and significant association amongst EA, SEN, EPBC, ER, and EI. Various constraints were identified from the literature and ranked based on the respondents’ feedback. This research will help entrepreneurs, scholars, policymakers and practitioners to build the entrepreneurial ecosystem and develop young people’s understanding of the entrepreneurial decision process and the importance of ER. This paper contributes through empirical investigation to an understanding of the actions that prevent Gen Z students from entrepreneurial activities; decisions are affected by socio-psychological constructions integrating ER with the Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) model. Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models are considered supporting theories in this study to shed light on tackling the constraints. To the best knowledge of the researcher, integrating ER with TPB model’s constructs is a pioneer scholarly contribution in the context of South-East Asian, specifically Bangladeshi Gen Z students.

The paper examines the effect of family ownership concentration (FMOC) on real earnings management (REM) in manufacturing firms listed on Bursa Malaysia (formerly known as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange). Data are gathered from 1,056 firm-year observations for the four-year period from 2013 to 2016. The feasible generalised least square estimation is used to examine the relationships. The results show that FMOC is negatively and significantly associated with REM. This evidence supports the alignment hypothesis that FMOC mitigates managerial earnings management by preventing real activities manipulation. However, the finding of the current study is contrary to the claim that family-controlled firms have lower earnings quality. This study extends previous empirical research by examining the effect of different levels of family control on REM in an emerging market and provides evidence that family firms have less incentive to engage in REM practices. The findings imply that earnings reported in the financial statements of Malaysian manufacturing family firms are more reliable as these firms do not manipulate earnings through real business activities. Policymakers may consider the results of the current study that show family-controlled firms have the motivation to self-monitor their business and avoid earnings manipulation activities. Investors may benefit from this evidence and invest in family firms. Future studies may extend the sample to cover other sectors to check the consistency of the findings. In addition, the paper uses data from Malaysia, a country characterised as a family-controlled market. Thus, the findings may not be similar to those of countries with lower FMOC.

This study investigates the causal relationship between renewable energy sources and clean environmental economic growth among South Asian economies. This study comprises the panel data sets for eight (8) South Asian countries, and data start from 2003 to 2017. This study implies a Hausman test to identify which particular tests are more suitable and selected a fixed effect test and granger causality test for effective analysis perspective. Moreover, this study further relies on the panel vector error correction model (PVECM) test to suggest for long-run relationship existence among variables. Furthermore, the evaluation of the panel and the dynamic ordinary least squares regression shows that the production of renewable energy has compelled an effect on economic growth. While other sources of energy for instance, hydropower, geothermal, wind, and solar, have valuable and considerable influence on the economic growth of South Asian economies. The results reveal with these remarks the existence of positive associations among productions of renewable energies, energy dependence, and gross domestic product per capita. The obtained results reveal that renewable energy sources show a momentous effect on the economic growth of South Asian economies.

Cooperation between supply chain partners in the oil industry is essential, especially when oil prices suffer from fluctuations that affect the profitability of each party. An essential task in oil field development projects is to create an optimum agreement between the national oil company and the international oil company to guarantee agreement optimization. In this paper, the national oil company is the first party (FP) and the international oil company is the second party (SP). The paper’s purpose is to investigate the use of game theory to obtain the best agreement between the FP and SP in order to enhance the cooperation and reduce conflict. In this paper, Nash and Maxi-min solutions have been applied for the first time in a special type of petroleum agreement, called exploration and production sharing agreements (EPSA). This is conducted for a case study in Libya. The study considers nine negotiation factors (issues) in the EPSA, which are the share percent, the four “A” factors, and the four “B” factors, which are usually affected by the fluctuations of oil prices; and the study investigates their effect on the total payoff function, the net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) for both parties. The Maxi-min solution has shown an improvement in the NPV and IRR of the SP, where NPV increased from USD 148 million to USD 195 million, and IRR from 15.65% to 17.01%. The Nash solution has shown a little more improvement than the Maxi-min solution in the NPV and IRR for the SP, where the NPV and IRR have increased from USD 148 million to USD 222 million and from 15.65% to 17.94%, respectively.

Around the world, people are becoming more and more worried about how globalization will affect their standard of living. According to the literature, globalization has resulted in the marginalization of the impoverished populations in developing economies and has exacerbated inequality, while the opposite may also be true. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of globalization on income inequality. The study used two-stage least squares (2SLS) to study the influence of globalization on income inequality in 18 developing countries from 1991-2021. Utilizing the KOF index of globalization, it is determined that globalization, together with its three aspects, has a negative effect on income inequality among developing economies. Evidence demonstrates that the combination of trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a significant role in reducing inequality among developing economies. We recommend developing economies actively support globalization in terms of trade and FDI in accordance with the findings. By expanding trade opportunities and opening up markets, globalization can benefit developing nations. This may result in a rise in FDI, the creation of jobs, and technological developments. Governments can contribute to raising the living standards of their inhabitants, lowering rates of poverty, and closing the income gap by promoting globalization. Although the study emphasizes the well-established link between globalization and income inequality, it focuses on the effects of various globalization dimensions, emphasizing the need to comprehend how different dimensions of globalization, namely economic, political, and social globalization affects inequality in developing economies.

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of macroeconomic variables on exchange-traded funds (ETFs) returns under different market conditions. The growing prominence of ETFs in emerging markets has over the years drawn much relevance in the academic front for the ability to track the performance of prominent indices, which enhances return perspective. Despite this, ETF returns are influenced by many factors that dampen expected returns; these include macroeconomic variables and changing market conditions. To this extent, monthly data from November 2010 to December 2023 were used in the estimation of the Markov regime-switching model. The findings demonstrate that ETF returns are affected both positively and negatively by macroeconomic factors like inflation, money supply, interest rates, gross domestic product (GDP), and real effective exchange rate. More specifically, the effect tends to vary with market conditions such as bull and bear regimes. This implies there exists adaptive behavior among the ETF market in South Africa, suggesting there are periods of efficiencies and inefficiencies. The findings pose important implications to investors, portfolio managers, and policy makers, all of which is discussed herein.

Green innovation (GI) is increasingly recognized as an essential strategy for tackling urgent environmental issues, such as climate change, resource depletion, and pollution. While research is expanding on how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects GI, the influence of financial sector development (FSD) as a moderator in this context remains under-examined. To address this gap, we conduct an empirical analysis utilizing two decades of data (2000–2019) from five major emerging economies (BRICS). The study employs FMOLS and DOLS models to scrutinize the data. The findings indicate that EPU has a considerable adverse effect on GI, suggesting that uncertainty in economic policies can obstruct environmentally sustainable progress. In contrast, FSD demonstrates a notable positive association with green innovation, indicating that a robust financial sector can support and bolster these initiatives. Furthermore, the study identifies that FSD serves a crucial intermediary function in the EPU-GI connection. The policy implications of this study are significant, indicating that decision-makers should prioritize enhancing financial sector institutions to foster GI, particularly in times of heightened economic volatility. By providing new evidence regarding the dynamics between EPU, FSD, and GI, this investigation offers valuable insights for developing policies that harmonize economic stability with environmental sustainability. First published online 1 April 2025

The desires of consumers as individuals are largely shaped by their aspirations in life, which play a crucial role in deciding their brand preference, but very few studies have focused on the demographic difference in aspirations and its relationship with brand preference, especially in the context of luxury brands, for the consumers in the emerging markets. This paper aims to empirically assess the role of key demographic factors (gender, age, and income) in influencing the aspirations of consumers in India, an emerging market, and their preference for luxury branded products. The hypotheses were developed based on the review of the extant literature and tested through t-test and ANOVA along with the moderation test using PROCESS extension in SPSS 22.0. The study included data collected from 915 Indian consumers, in Tier-1 and Tier-2 cities, with prior experience of buying luxury branded products in the fashion segment through a self-administered questionnaire. The results demonstrate that the aspirations, both intrinsic (F = 8.185; p = 0.004) and extrinsic (F = 7.14; p = 0.007) and luxury brand preferences (F = 5.762; p = 0.017) of males and females differ significantly. However, demographic factors of gender (R2 = 0.137; p > 0.05), age (R2 = 0.130; p > 0.05), and income (R2 = 0.132; p > 0.05) were not found to have any moderating effect on the relationship between luxury brand preference and aspirations. The results of the study would help luxury brand marketers to develop their strategic plans for marketing activities by providing insights into the differences in the desires and preferences of their customers.

Blockchain technology has been heralded as a game changer for addressing severe environmental and economic sustainability challenges. In response to rising environmental concerns, blockchain technology (BCT) is transforming green innovation, culminating in green economic practices and well-established business models. Recognizing this, we investigated the role of blockchain technology in green innovation practices and its impact on green economic sustainability, which has an impact on green environmental sustainability. Moreover, 184 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were surveyed in Lima, Peru. Data for this cross-sectional study were gathered using stratified random sampling. The positivist approach was implemented using a statistical induction method. Prior studies’ research constructs were measured using validated measurement scales. For quantitative data analysis, using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) framework, this study provided two key findings. First, sustainability orientation and sustainability attitude have a positive and significant effect on the adoption of green innovation that employs green energy (solar) technology towards a sustainable green economy. Second, the intention to use blockchain technology mediates the relationship between sustainability orientation and social perception with the adoption of green innovation that employs green energy (solar) technology towards a sustainable green economy. We recommend that small- and medium-sized enterprises embrace green innovation and blockchain technology to protect the environment and boost community cohesiveness.

This study aims at finding out the determinants of Indian commercial banks profitability. Profitability of Indian banks is measured by three important variables namely, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Interest Margin (NIM). The study also uses a set of independent variables such as bank-specific factors which include bank size, assets quality, capital adequacy, liquidity, operating efficiency, deposits, leverage, assets management and the number of branches. Pooled, fixed and random effects models and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) are built on panel data of 10 years for more than 60 commercial banks of India. The study also takes into account Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation rate, interest rate and exchange rate as macroeconomic determinants. The results of the study show that all bank-specific factors, except the number of branches, exhibited significant impacts on profitability as measured by NIM. The findings also show that all macroeconomic determinants used in the study are found to be significant with negative impacts on Indian commercial banks profitability. Furthermore, the results show that bank size, number of branches, assets management ratio and leverage ratio are highly significant variables of profitability in the context of Indian commercial banks as measured by ROA. The results give a better insight into the Indian banking sector and the determinants of its profitability