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The father figure has been a dominant theme in the works of the American southern novelist Anne Tyler (1941- ). She explores the psyche of male characters and tries to shed light on the struggles that the postmodern men go through in their daily life. She utilizes the chaos that occurs in their life to highlight their development. Family plays a major role that helps the father to understand the world around him. The Accidental Tourist (1985) tells the story of Macon Leary, a father who loses his only son and falls into grief. He loses his aim in life until he meets a woman called Muriel, who changes many things about him.

Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day (1980) is a partition novel which depicts the influence of the Partition between India and Pakistan on the unity of the Indian family. In 1947, India witnessed a civil war which led to partitioning it into two countries along religious lines. These events coincided with the end of the British rule in India. As a result of that, the Indian individual started questioning his real identity. During the period (1947-1970), India witnessed dramatic social, political, economic changes and transformations In her sixth novel Clear Light of Day, Anita Desai studies the impact of the Partition on the country and on the personal lives of the Indian individuals. The novel is precisely a depiction of family disintegration which parallels the disintegration of India under the Partition circumstances. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of the Partition on the Indian families which survive the civil wars between the Hindus and the Muslims. Also the study tackles the role of women in the Indian society and the influence of the western principles on them.

Anita Desai (1937-) is a contemporary Indian novelist, short story, and children's books writer. She introduces psychological novels to India. Her works are highly symbolic. In her novels, she discusses cultural themes like the clashes of Eastern and Western cultures and the conflicts between Indian cultures and religions. In In Custody (1984), she discusses many cultural themes focusing on the death of the old valuable culture of India after Partition and the birth of a new culture. In In Custody (1984), Desai depicts the changes that India has witnessed in post-colonial period. She focuses on the ruined ancient Indian culture which has been replaced by a new materialistic one at the hands of the British colonization. She concentrates on the death of art and poetry specially the death of Urdu poetry and language which are associated with the glorious culture once India had in the past. Deven, the protagonist, whose ambition is to be a great poet in Urdu is forced to teach Hindi instead of Urdu which is rarely used. The novelist narrates the journey of Deven who struggles to revive Urdu poetry by interviewing the famous Urdu poet, Nur. Deven faces many obstacles during his journey. These obstacles are represented in the change India has witnessed and in the change of people's motives and mentality. The paper discusses the influence of the Partition and the British colonialism on the Indian culture and the change India witnessed due to the Partition between Muslims and the Hindus.

The role of the father has always been that of the breadwinner of the family in most of the American novels. Little was mentioned about his involvement in his familial duties and his relationship with his children. This created a gap between the father and his children and turned him into a far-fetched person for them. Anne Tyler (1941-), a southern female writer presents a new image of fathers. She highlights the role of the father within the family and gives an insight to the way fathers think. This paper deals with Tyler's novel Saint Maybe (1991), exploring the character of Ian Bedloe, an unmarried person whose mistake leads him to lose his only brother, Danny. He suffers for his mistake and tries to make up for it by taking care of his brother's children offering a new image of fatherhood.

The charming world of fairy tales used to be, for many ages, the favorite world for readers of fiction. Until the moment, these magical tales, their adventurous journeys, and happy endings provide a vital source of enchanting entertainment. Throughout her literary career, Angela Carter (1940-1992), a contemporary British novelist and a short story writer, shows interest in the employment of fairy tales in her works, producing what is called modern fairy tales. Her rewriting of these tales rendered her a remarkable woman advocate who calls for women's legitimate rights and an appreciation and a recognition of their active position in societies, things that men enjoy and always receive. This paper tackles The Magic Toyshop (1967), Carter's second novel. It discusses the fate of its young heroine, Melanie, and her siblings, Jonathan and Victoria, who have become orphans by the death of their parents in a plane crash while in America. Melanie journeys from her middle-class luxurious house to Uncle Phillip's poor house located in South London. Like Cinderella, the orphan girl dreams of being a bride and marrying a handsome man while suffering under the oppression of a stepfather, Uncle Phillip. Unlike her, Melanie will be shocked to meet a different version of Prince Charming of her imagination.

The American writer Eudora Welty (1909-2001) is often labeled as a Southern Gothic fiction writer whose most memorable characters are women, though some of them are grotesque and ugly. Her men, on the other hand, appear to be powerless and marginalized. In short stories like \"Flowers for Marjorie\" and \"Where is the Voice Coming From\" the protagonists are grotesquely violent, lonely, and searching for recognition. In her autobiography, One Writer's Beginning (1983), Welty describes her initiation into the literary world. She divides her book into three sections that respectively carry the titles of \"Listening\", \"Learning to See \" and \"Finding a Voice\". In the first section she realizes that listening to stories told by family, friends, and teachers, is the first thing she needs in order to establish her literary career. In \"Learning to See\" section she learns, through traveling, new things about her parents. She also discovers her calling and finds her form: the short story. In the final section she describes how she succeeds in expressing herself through art, namely, fiction. In her writing, it seems that Welty has unconsciously employed what I call for the lack of a better term, \"the formula of recognition\". In \"Flowers for Marjorie\" and \"Where is the Voice Coming From\" she variously uses the \"listening, learning to see, and finding a voice.\" The aim of this paper is to investigate how Welty uses this formula in these two least famous among her short stories, where the main male characters fervently try to find a voice.

تمزج روائية أدب اليافعين بربارا كنكسولفر (١٩٥١) وعيها بالقضايا الاجتماعية والسياسية بحبها للطبيعة لتقديم أعمال تثقف وتمتع قراءها اليافعين. تناقش روايتها \"انجيل الشجرة السامة\" (١٩٩٨) قضية الروحانية في خضم الحرب والفوضى وصراع الحضارات. كانت تصور أفريقيا في الأدب الغربي قبل نشر كنكسولفر روايتها \"انجيل الشجرة السامة\" بأنها مكان متخلف تمزقه الصراعات السياسية والأزمات الاقتصادية والجهل ويملؤه الظلام الروحي. حطمت كنكسولفر هذه الصورة بتأكيدها الثراء الثقافي لأفريقيا. فلقد احتفلت بالتنوع الثقافي والديني هناك. تروي \"انجيل الشجرة السامة\" قصة عائلة ال برايس، وهم عائلة تبشيريه من جورجيا يرسلون الى الكونغو في 1959\" لإنقاذ افريقيا من أجل المسيح\" في افريقيا تختبر الاعتقادات الروحية للعائلة، وتثبت عجزها مقارنة بالمعتقدات الروحية للأفريقيين الذين يعتقد أنهم متوحشون. يناقش البحث تحدي الكاتبة كنكسولفر التمثيل النمطي للأفريقيين من خلال التشكيك في المادية التي جلبتها الثقافة الغربية، والاطراء على اعتقاد الروحي للأفريقيين بالطبيعة، ذلك الذي تفوق في النهاية على المعتقدات المسيحية للمبشرين والتي اثبتت عدم ملائمتها حاجات السكان المحليين.

Ahmed Saadawi's Frankenstein in Baghdad (2008) presents a unique take on the classic Frankenstein story through its portrayal of the city of Baghdad in the aftermath of the US invasion. The paper examines how Saadawi uses transsexuality to blur the boundaries between the original Frankenstein story and his own narrative, highlighting the interconnectedness of different literary works and cultural contexts. Drawing on the theories of postmodernism and transsexuality, this paper offers an in-depth analysis of Saadawi's novel and its contribution to the ongoing discussion about the role of transsexuality in contemporary literature.