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Mandarin ‘Murcott’ (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees aged five years that were grafted onto lemon ‘Volkamer’ (Citrus volkameriana) rootstock and grown in sandy soil under a drip irrigation system were used in this study during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. Ten different fertilization treatments combining inorganic, organic, and biofertilization in a completely randomized block were performed. The results revealed that fertilizing ‘Murcott’ mandarin trees with 75% of the recommended dose (RD) of nitrogen as inorganic nitrogen (33.5% N) in the form of NH4NO3 + 25% of RD as organic nitrogen in the form of chicken manure (3% N) per tree per year without or with a biofertilizer (Effective Microorganisms, EM1) at 150 mL/tree increased the weight, size, pulp, and peels of mandarin fruit, as well as the fruit juice volume, juice volume/fruit, and vitamin C, but reduced the total acidity in both seasons. However, fertilizing ‘Murcott’ mandarin trees with 100% of RD as inorganic nitrogen increased the pulp/fruit ratio, and fertilizing with 25% of RD as inorganic nitrogen + 75% of RD as organic nitrogen + biofertilizer EM1 increased the peel/fruit ratio, peel thickness, and fruit firmness. Fertilizing ‘Murcott’ mandarin trees with 100% organic nitrogen + biofertilizer EM1 increased total soluble solids (TSS) and total sugar contents while producing the lowest nitrate (NO3) percentage in ‘Murcott’ mandarin fruit compared with trees fertilized with inorganic nitrogen only. The fruit produced by ‘Murcott’ mandarin trees fertilized with 100% of RD as organic nitrogen with or without biofertilizer EM1 contained higher TSS, total carbohydrates, and sugars and lower nitrate percentages than those fertilized with inorganic nitrogen and biofertilizer EM1. This study contributes to reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers by adding a percentage of an organic fertilizer to obtain a healthy product that contains a lower percentage of NO3, which affects the health of the consumer, and is of high quality and suitable for export.

The previous decade has seen the growth of interest with networks and participatory social media that have brought users jointly in many originative ways. Many users play, categorize, work and socialize online, showing new forms of cooperation, communication, and cleverness that were hard to imagine just a while ago. Social media refers to the interaction between people who create, share information and ideas in communities and virtual networks. Social media also helps reform business models, influence views and sentiments, and opens many possibilities for studying human interaction and mass conduct on an unprecedented level. This research employs visual representation of data and cluster algorithms for discovering patterns in the Facebook network to learn some of the behaviors practiced by community members. The results can be used to find out users directions to suggest appropriate advertisements for it, and cluster algorithms can be used to collect suspicious and inappropriate communication pages to take the necessary measures to prevent them from appearing to sensitive groups in the community, and the results can also be used to direct Facebook users, especially young groups, to organize their times and control the times they spend on social media.

In this paper, we used the Hyper-Pure Germanium (HPGe) detector to measure 30 samples which are collected from north of Nile Delta near Rosetta beach in Egypt. The activity of primordial radionuclides, such as 238 U, 235 U, 232 Th, and 40 K was estimated. Concentrations ranged between 36.5–177.4, 50–397.5 and 56.1–168.9 Bq.kg −1 for 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K respectively. Activity concentration of 235 U and the variation in uranium isotopic ratio 235 U/ 238 U was calculated. External hazard indices (H ex ) (or radium equivalent activity Ra eq ), activity concentration indices (I), alpha index (I α ), absorbed outdoor gamma dose rate (D out ), effective outdoor gamma dose rate (E out ) and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) due to different samples are estimated. External hazard indices (H ex ) are ranged between 0.32–2.04, radium equivalent activity (Ra eq ) are ranged between 118.67–753.91, the activity concentration indices (I) are 0.42–2.61, and alpha index (I α ) are 0.18–0.89. External hazard indices (H ex ) in some samples more than unity then it exceeds the upper limit of exposure. Also, the radium equivalent activities (Ra eq ) are higher than the exemption limits (370 Bq.kg −1 ).

Scarcity of water and the small area of the agricultural land are considered as the crucial environmental issues challenged the Arabian Gulf countries. In this study, experiments were conducted to identify the salt tolerance during the germination and the seedling stages of some native halophytes in the State of Qatar. Seeds of eight native species ( Salsola setifera, Halopeplis perfoliata, Caroxylon imbricatum , Suaeda aegyptiaca , Acacia tortilis , Limonium axillare , Tetraena qatarensis and Aeluropus lagopoides ) were investigated. Except for Tetraena qatarensis , Acacia tortilis and Suaeda aegyptiaca, all achieved ≥ 30% of seed germination at a concentration of 200 mM NaCl. Around 30% of Salsola setifera seeds were able to germinate in a salt concentration of 400 mM. Germination recovery of seeds that have been treated with 800 mM NaCl for 3 weeks was the greatest for Halopeplis perfoliata (94%) and the lowest for Aeluropus lagopoides (22%). Five halophytes were investigated for seedling growth under saline irrigation ranged from 0 to 600 mM NaCl. No significant differences obtained in growth biomass of seedlings of each of Caroxylon imbricatum, Suaeda aegyptiaca and Tetraena qatarensis between saline and non-saline treatments.

Climate change significantly affects plant growth and productivity by causing different biotic and abiotic stresses to plants. Among the different abiotic stresses, at the top of the list are salinity, drought, temperature extremes, heavy metals and nutrient imbalances, which contribute to large yield losses of crops in various parts of the world, thereby leading to food insecurity issues. In the quest to improve plants’ abiotic stress tolerance, many promising techniques are being investigated. These include the use of nanoparticles, which have been shown to have a positive effect on plant performance under stress conditions. Nanoparticles can be used to deliver nutrients to plants, overcome plant diseases and pathogens, and sense and monitor trace elements that are present in soil by absorbing their signals. A better understanding of the mechanisms of nanoparticles that assist plants to cope with abiotic stresses will help towards the development of more long-term strategies against these stresses. However, the intensity of the challenge also warrants more immediate approaches to mitigate these stresses and enhance crop production in the short term. Therefore, this review provides an update of the responses (physiological, biochemical and molecular) of plants affected by nanoparticles under abiotic stress, and potentially effective strategies to enhance production. Taking into consideration all aspects, this review is intended to help researchers from different fields, such as plant science and nanoscience, to better understand possible innovative approaches to deal with abiotic stresses in agriculture.

Background: In container terminals, optimizing the scheduling of external trucks and yard cranes is crucial as it directly impacts the truck turnaround time, which is one of the most critical performance measures. Furthermore, proper scheduling of external trucks contributes to reducing CO2 emissions. Methods: This paper proposes a new approach based on a mixed integer programming model to schedule external trucks and yard cranes with the objective of minimizing CO2 emissions and reducing truck turnaround time, the gap between trucking companies’ preferred arrival time and appointed time, and the energy consumption of yard cranes. The proposed approach combines data analysis and operations research techniques. Specifically, it employs a K-means clustering algorithm to reduce the number of necessary truck trips for container handling. Additionally, a two-stage mathematical model is applied. The first stage employs a bi-objective mathematical model to plan the arrival of external trucks at the terminal gates. The second stage involves a mathematical model that schedules yard cranes’ movements between different yard blocks. Results: The results show that implementing this methodology in a hypothetical case study may lead to a substantial daily reduction of approximately 31% in CO2 emissions. Additionally, the results provide valuable insights into the trade-off between satisfying the trucking companies’ preferred arrival time and the total turnaround time. Conclusions: The integration of data clustering with mathematical modeling demonstrates a notable reduction in emissions, underscoring the viability of this strategy in promoting sustainability in port-related activities.

IntroductionThe challenges of COVID-19 have exacerbated the burden of healthcare on the NHS. Cardiac care after discharge from the Emergency Department (ED) required patients to see their GP to initiate specialist pathways. Increased waits & difficulty in seeing primary care physicians led to delays, dissatisfaction, poor patient experience and potential risks to long-term health.A front-end cardiology service was developed with two elements: 1) In-hours Front End cardiology (IHFE) (0800–1700), 2) Out of Hours Front-end cardiology (OOHFE). This novel service was created to deliver a rapid cardiac opinion thus reducing waiting times and improving patient experience. This service encouraged ED physicians to refer directly to a Cardiology response team (CRT) in hours and using a bespoke digital referral system out of hours.MethodsPatients referred to Cardiology outpatient services were reviewed retrospectively. The patients who had presented to ED with same symptoms within the past 12 months were included in the Pre-front end (PreFE) group (n=100). Demographic information was collected as well as ED attendance date, clinic date, presenting complaint, investigations required and time to completion of investigations. These were compared to the cohort of patients in the post front end group (PostFE) which included patients seen by FE Cardiology service between the period of July 2020 and January 2022 (n=169).Results:100 patients (43 males) were included in the Pre-front end group, with presenting symptoms of chest pain (56%), palpitations (29%), pre-syncope (8%), and dyspnea (7%). 169 patients (87 males) were included in the post-front end group, with presenting symptoms of chest pain (54%), palpitation (40%), pre-syncope (3%), and dyspnea (3%). In the PreFE group the averages time to completed episode since referral was 129 days compared to 39 days in the PostFE group. 50 % of patients referred were safely discharged following review without the need for further investigation. There was a 90-day saving i.e., a 70% reduction in completion of patient episode.Abstract 179 Table 1Table showing time to first investigations and time to completed episode in Pre-FE and Post-FE groupsConclusionsThe 24/7 Front-end model has been a significant success in supporting cardiac patients presenting to the ED. Times to specialist review, patient investigations, diagnosis and treatment have been reduced by 70%. There was no appreciable difference between the IHFE and OOHFE demonstrating that 24/7 support for ED was achievable. We have seen major benefits by reducing Times to specialist review, patient investigations, diagnosis and treatment.Conflict of Interestnil

High levels of metal(oid)s in soil or food pose a severe health risk to humans. The potential toxicants find their way into the living systems via the food chain, following bioaccumulation in edible plants, including leafy vegetables grown in or irrigated with contaminated soil or water, respectively. The current study determines the levels of vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in leafy vegetables (rocca, coriander, and parsley) grown in different open irrigated farms in Qatar and investigates their potential human health risks (carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic). The mean concentrations of V, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in rocca are 17.09, 6.41, 1.70, 13.04, 14.72, 0.90, and 6.36 mg/kg, respectively; in coriander are 15.91, 6.03, 1.38, 15.30, 16.86, 0.43, and 5.00 mg/kg, respectively; and in parsley are 16.25, 6.26, 2.19, 17.97, 16.60, 0.51, and 5.46 mg/kg, respectively. The mean levels of V, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb were observed to be higher than the recommended World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) values. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values of Cu and As were found to be greater than 1 for the adult population. For the two elements (i.e., Cu and As), the THQ varied from 1.03 to 1.42 and 1.17 to 1.44 in men. In women, the values ranged from 1.20 to 1.65 and 1.35 to 1.55, for Cu and As, respectively. The hazard index (HI) of rocca, coriander, and parsley was 3.99, 4.10, and 4.43, respectively, in men, 4.64, 4.76, and 5.14, respectively, among women. The carcinogenic risk (CR) of Cr, Ni, and As ranged from 7.16 × 10−4 to 7.61 × 10−4, 5.57 × 10−4 to 8.85 × 10−4, and 5.24 × 10−3 to 6.01 × 10−3, respectively, in men. In women, it ranged from 8.31 × 10−4 to 8.83 × 10−4, 6.47 × 10−4 to 1.03 × 10−3, and 6.09 × 10−3 to 6.97 × 10−3, respectively, in all vegetables. In crux, the consumption of rocca, coriander, and parsley grown in selected farms in Qatar poses a major health risk (both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic) to the consumer. As a result, we recommend that vegetables grown in the studied areas be closely monitored to protect consumer health.

Mango ( Mangifera indica ) is the second most internationally traded tropical fruit in the world. The fruit has high nutritional value. Its susceptibility to postharvest diseases and chill injuries increases its storage cost and put stress on exploring natural products that can increase its shelf-life. Our team has previously described Prosopis juliflora water-soluble leaf ethanolic (PJ-WS-LE) extract with fungicidal effectiveness against spoiling fungi. The present study explores P. juliflora genetic diversity in the state of Qatar and the antifungal effectiveness of the leaf extract of plants collected from different locations. The study also evaluates PJ-WS-LE extract efficacy against Alternaria. alternata and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides inoculated in mango samples and the power of the extract as coating material. P. juliflora samples collected from six different locations showed genetic and antimicrobial effectiveness similarities. They showed also similarity to the sequence representing P. juliflora 18S ribosomal RNA partial sequence, accession number JX139107.1 originated from India. PJ-WS-LE extract (8 mg/ml) has 80% efficacy in controlling A. alternata in mango and it lowers C. gloeosporioides disease severity by 53.4%. PJ-WS-LE extract (8 mg/ml) embedded in 1% chitosan maintained mango quality for 5 weeks. In vivo results of PJ-WS-LE extract highlights the potentials of the extract as chemical fungicides replacement.

Introduction The process of weaning patients off mechanical ventilation (MV) is difficult and complex. Critical care nurses must maintain continuity of care for patients undergoing MV weaning, assess patients’ overall condition, and meet patients’ needs. Objectives The study aimed to explore clinical factors of MV weaning success and 28-day survival among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted on 90 newly admitted patients in the general intensive care unit Assiut Univeristy Main Hospital in Egypt from October 2021 to March 2022. The researchers applied a standard weaning protocol for all of the patients in this study and then assessed the outcome variables: success or failure of weaning trials from a mechanical ventilator, and 28-day survival. Results In total, 50 (55.6%) patients were successfully weaned from MV, and 45 (50%) patients survived at 28 days. In a multivariate regression analysis, dynamic compliance (OR, 1.115; 95% CI, 1.010–1.230, p = .031*), lymphocyte count (OR, 3.025; 95% CI, 1.322–6.923, p = .009*), urine output (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001–1.004, p = .002*), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT; OR, 0.993; 95% CI, 0.988–0.999, p = .017*) were significantly associated with weaning success. In addition, age (OR, 1.058; 95% CI, 1.015–1.102; p = .007*), lymphocyte count (OR, 3.304; 95% CI, 1.348–8.100; p = .009*), urine output (OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 1.001–1.004; p = .001*), and ALT (OR, 0.994; 95% CI, 0.989–0.99, p = .015*) were significantly associated with survival at 28 days. Conclusion Dynamic lung compliance, lymphocyte count, urine output, and ALT were found to be predictive parameters that may affect the success of weaning off MV. Additionally, it was found that age, lymphocyte count, urine output, and ALT are predictors of survival at 28 days. We recommend further studies with larger, more systematic samples and complete follow-up, focusing on pulmonary function and quality of life in postweaning patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.