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Based on the previous studies on the impact of traditional culture on tourists’ purchasing intentions, this study aims to further explore the mechanism and boundary conditions regarding the traditional cultural load in tourist souvenir packaging. Through seven simulated experiments (N = 3203), the impact of different degrees of traditional cultural load on tourists’ purchasing intentions has been examined, with value perception, cultural identity, and purchase purpose, advancing the research in the field of traditional culture and tourism marketing. The findings provide insights for managers in the industry of tourism and souvenir marketing for their package design.

Previous researches have shown that animal metaphors play an important role in promoting specific behavioral dispositions of individuals. However, we are not well aware of the role of animal metaphors in tourists’ waste classification intentions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of animal metaphors advertising for waste classification in scenic spots (versus non-animal metaphors advertising) on tourists’ waste classification intentions. Four experiments (N = 1051) were conducted in this study to examine the impacts of animal metaphors advertising in scenic spots, on tourists’ waste classification intentions, which enriches the literature on the animal metaphors and tourists’ pro-environmental behaviors. The results show that the animal metaphors advertising about waste classification in scenic spots can effectively increase tourists’ waste classification intentions. We explored the mediating role of tourists’ perceptions of cute animal images in animal metaphors advertising, and the moderating role of visual imagery for animal metaphors advertising, on the relationship between animal metaphors advertising and tourists’ waste classification intentions. The results show that there is a significant interaction effect between visual imagery and animal metaphors advertising. In conclusion, this study reveals the different impacts of animal metaphors, cute images and visual imagery on individual tourists, which provides new insights for scenic spot managers to choose waste classification strategies and the looks of bins.

Visual marketing plays a critical role in shaping tourists’ perceptions and behaviors, with the design of promotional materials significantly influencing destination promotion. We investigate how the shape of photos (rectangular vs. rounded) impacts tourists’ propensity for destination promotion, using ocean tourism images as a contextual backdrop. Through three sub-studies, we systematically examine the psychological and behavioral effects of photo shapes, focusing on their influence on tourists’ flow experience and immersion. The findings reveal that rounded photo shapes, compared to rectangular ones, enhance flow experiences and immersion, thereby increasing tourists’ likelihood of promoting the destination. Furthermore, we explore how immersion moderates the relationship between photo shapes and flow experiences, deepening our understanding of how visual esthetics influence tourist behavior. Our research contributes to the field of visual marketing by offering insights into optimizing visual content design, with practical implications for promoting tourist destinations effectively. While ocean tourism serves as the illustrative context, the findings have broader applicability for destination marketing across various industries. Plain language summary The influence of photo shapes of ocean tourism images on tourists’ propensity for destination promotion As a popular leisure activity, Ocean Tourism relies heavily on visual representation to attract tourists and promote destinations. However, the impact of photo shapes (rectangular vs. rounded) of Ocean Tourism images on tourists’ propensity for destination promotion remains unclear. This study systematically analyzes the effects of different picture shapes on tourists’ propensity for destination promotion through three sub-studies. The research findings indicate that compared to rectangular shapes, rounded shapes of Ocean Tourism photos can enhance tourists’ flow experience and immersion, thereby increasing their propensity for destination promotion. Furthermore, we explore how immersion may moderate the relationship between the form of tourism photos and tourists’ flow experiences, thus influencing tourists’ propensity for destination promotion. This study reveals how photo shapes in Ocean Tourism images affect tourists’ propensity for destination promotion through flow experiences and immersion, providing a new theoretical perspective for visual marketing of tourist destinations. The results of this research contribute to enhancing tourists’ propensity for destination promotion by optimizing visual content, thereby promoting the development of Ocean Tourism industry.

Objective The aims of this study were to develop and validate interpretable ML models for extended length of stay (eLOS) prediction following endoscopic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) decompression, and identify modifiable risk factors influencing healthcare costs and recovery. Methods A prospective-retrospective cohort of 350 patients (2019–2025) undergoing single-level endoscopic decompression was analyzed. The eLOS was defined as >9 days via classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. Predictors included demographics (age, BMI), comorbidities (osteoporosis, hypertension), surgical parameters, and hospitalization costs. Seven ML models (XGBoost, Lasso Regression, CNN, etc.) were trained using stratified 70:30 splits, SMOTE balancing, and Bayesian hyperparameter tuning. Model performance was evaluated via AUC-ROC, F1-score, and SHAP interpretability. Results The eLOS group (n = 135) exhibited higher age (56.3 vs. 48.6 years, p < 0.001), osteoporosis (23% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.001), and hypertension (33.3% vs. 14.0%, p < 0.001). Gradient Boosting Machines (AUC = 0.96), XGBoost (AUC = 0.99), and Lasso Regression (AUC = 1.00) outperformed other models, identifying L4/L5 involvement, heart rate, age, osteoporosis, and hypertension as top predictors. Post-cross-validation, CNN (Accuracy = 0.75, AUC = 0.89) and XGB (Accuracy = 0.69, AUC = 0.85) demonstrated robustness. eLOS patients incurred 13% higher costs (p = 0.02). Conclusion This study establishes the first ML-driven framework for eLOS prediction in endoscopic LSS surgery, emphasizing age-related comorbidities over procedural factors. The integration of economic and clinical data enables actionable risk mitigation, supporting value-based care initiatives. Future multicenter studies should validate these models across diverse healthcare systems.

Sustainable behaviors demand wielding communication strategies in social and political spheres for public understanding of scientific issues like climate change and the severe consequences of deteriorating environmental quality. Reliable information can improve public understanding of science and enhance public support for climate change actions at social and political levels. This study strives to examine the socio-political and psychological factors that affect climate change actions based on the stimulus-organism-behavior-consequences paradigm. This study further categorizes sustainable behavior into mitigation and adaptation strategies to capture behavioral consequences with the moderating effects of information literacy and a regulative environment. Empirical findings demonstrate interesting associations between socio-political and psychological factors. Significant effects were observed for environmental quality and belief in climate change in explaining pro-environmental behavior. This study reveals that people are more prone to mitigation than adaptation strategies to ensure sustainability and recommends better communication strategies to empower those already engaged in mitigating climate change and encourage those still struggling to adapt to climate change actions.

At present, there are many movie reviews appear on main stream websites, and these evaluations are quite different to the same movie. As a customer, how to choose your favorite movie and television program? To solve this problem, this study attempts to use the semantic analysis of word vectors (Word2vec) semantic analysis in machine learning as a research tool to mine a large number of movie reviews. The research shows that most movie reviews have a certain theme cohesion and their semantic network has quite connected. Through the use of social network analysis and the use of Word2vec word vector technology in natural language processing, it is possible to present a streamlined movie review based on movie review network semantics and keyword extraction, thus helping to select the favorite movie review.

Objective Extended length of stay (eLOS) after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients poses significant clinical and economic challenges. While traditional statistical models identify key predictors, they may miss complex variable interactions. This study compared logistic regression with machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict eLOS, emphasizing actionable factors within Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed 1137 patients aged ≥50 years who underwent hip arthroplasty or internal fixation for hip fracture (2019–2025). Extended LOS was defined as hospital stay ≥14 days based on median LOS of 13.8 days. Two prediction models were developed: preoperative (admission data only) and early in-hospital (including day-1 postoperative data). Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors, while nine ML algorithms were trained and validated using 10-fold cross-validation. Feature importance was assessed through SHAP analysis. Results Among 1137 patients, 500 (44.0%) experienced eLOS. Logistic regression identified male gender (odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, p = 0.01), delayed surgery >48 hours (OR = 2.31, p < 0.001), prolonged operation time (OR = 1.67, p = 0.02), and postoperative pneumonia (OR = 3.12, p < 0.001) as independent risk factors. Tranexamic acid (TXA) use was protective (OR = 0.65, p = 0.03). After 10-fold cross-validation, logistic regression and Support Vector Machine achieved area under the curve (AUC) = 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–0.79), while XGBoost showed AUC = 0.72 (95% CI 0.69–0.75). SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis confirmed time-to-surgery, TXA use, and coagulation markers as key predictors across models. Conclusion Both statistical and ML approaches identified delayed surgery and pneumonia as critical eLOS predictors, while ML revealed complex interactions involving coagulation dynamics and reinforced TXA's protective role. These findings support ML-augmented ERAS protocols targeting modifiable risk factors. External validation and clinical implementation studies are needed to confirm utility in routine practice.

Since research on customer participation value in green enterprise environments is still in its infancy, we explored how this value is generated in the catering industry, focusing on environment-related factors such as healthy green practices and customer feelings for a brand. Participants were customers of a restaurant in Taiwan called Wang Steak, which is noted for its green activities. We used convenience sampling and collected 412 valid survey responses for analysis. The results showed that healthy green practices had a positive association with green brand liking, which, in turn, had a positive association with customer green participation value. Furthermore, green brand liking played a mediating role in the relationship between healthy green practices and customer green participation value. Owners, managers, and staff at restaurants should engage in healthy green practices to provide pleasant experiences for customers.

Under the call of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, urban ecological civilization construction has the same status as economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, and social construction, which has led to the transformation of urban planning and design ideas in China. In view of the grim situation of current resource shortage, serious environmental pollution and degraded ecosystem, it is extremely urgent to integrate ecological civilization construction into urban planning. Based on this, the thesis will carry out urban planning and design under the concept of eco-city. It is hoped that the article can be used together with the scholars to discuss the relationship between ecological connotation, eco-city and ecological aesthetics, and the construction of eco-city planning index system for eco-city planning. Construction advice and suggestions.

Osteosarcoma remains a challenging malignancy with poor prognosis, particularly in metastatic cases. This study investigates the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of the Hinokitiol-iron complex (Fe(hino) ) against osteosarcoma. Fe(hino)3 induced dose-dependent cell death in osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, 143b, and K7M2) through multiple pathways. At moderate doses, Fe(hino)3 triggered ferroptosis by disrupting mitochondrial function, enhancing ROS generation and lipid peroxidation, downregulating GSS and GPX4, and upregulating HO1 and Ferritin expression. At higher doses, Fe(hino) activated the NLRC4/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, leading to pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory factors. Mechanistically, Fe(hino)3 acted as a dual-mode cell death inducer through iron overload-mediated ferroptosis and NLRC4-dependent pyroptosis while modifying the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In actual clinical application, Fe(hino)3 might be used as an alternative to chemotherapy or other targeted therapies for advanced osteosarcoma at a relatively low dose to improve biosafety and reduce side effects. However, when considering it in combination with immunotherapy for advanced osteosarcoma, a relatively safe high dose is more appropriate due to the pyroptosis-mediated inflammatory response but it still needs to consider the biosafety of combination therapy. These findings provide new insights into the development of Fe(hino)3 dose-dependent therapeutic strategies for advanced osteosarcoma treatment.