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"Tan, Qing-Qing"
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Agreement of ocular biometric measurements in young healthy eyes between IOLMaster 700 and OA-2000
This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the agreement of two new biometers for measuring ocular biometric parameters in young healthy eyes. Ocular biometric parameters were measured using IOLMaster 700 and OA-2000. Power vector analyses of Cartesian (J0) and oblique (J45) components of corneal astigmatism were performed. The right eyes of 103 healthy volunteers were analyzed. The 95% limits of agreement ranged from −0.03 to 0.03 mm, −0.08 to 0.07 mm, −0.18 to 0.18 diopters (D), −1.09 to 1.16 D, −1.18 to 1.15 D for axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), mean keratometry, J0 and J45 respectively, which were all comparable between the two biometers, while significant differences were detected in lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness (CCT), white-to-white (WTW) and pupil diameter (PD). Predicted intraocular lens (IOL) powers were comparable between the two biometers by Haigis and Barrett Universal II formulas, while not by SRK/T, Hoffer Q and Holladay 2. Excepting CCT, WTW and PD meaurements, IOLMaster 700 and OA-2000 have excellent agreement on ocular biometric measurements and astigmatism power vectors, which provides more options for ocular biometric measurements and enables constant optimization for IOL power calculation.
Journal Article
Development of refractive error in children treated for retinopathy of prematurity with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents: A meta-analysis and systematic review
To investigate refractive error development in preterm children with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents and laser photocoagulation.
Selection criteria were comparative studies that compared the refractive errors in children, birthweights ≤1500 grams and gestational ages ≤30 weeks, and treatments for Type I ROP with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) versus laser photocoagulation. Studies were identified using PubMed, Google Scholar, and published reviews. Meta-analyses were performed on the post-treatment outcomes of spherical equivalent (SEQ), cylindrical power, and prevalence of high myopia. Longitudinal development of refractive error in IVB, or in laser-treated children, or in normal full-term children was visually summarized.
Two randomized controlled trials and 5 non-randomized studies, including a total of 272 eyes treated by IVB and 247 eyes treated by laser, were included in this study. Compared with laser-treated children, IVB-treated children have less myopic refractive error (P<0.001), lower prevalence of high myopia (P<0.05), and less astigmatism (P = 0.02).
Treatment with IVB is associated with less myopia and astigmatism than laser treatment for infants with severe ROP. Given the complexity of ROP and the variability of dosing, our review supports close monitoring of refractive error outcomes in children treated with IVB.
Journal Article
Efficacy, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Actions of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba
Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba are the different characteristic forms of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. They are widely used as traditional Chinese medicines in clinical practices. This study analyzes the development history, efficacy, chemical compositions, and pharmacological effects of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba , and explores the causes of the similarities and differences of these two amalgams. It provides a basis for the clinical application of these two Chinese medicinal materials, and lays a foundation for further study of the pharmacological effects and the quality identification of Paeonia lactiflora Pall as it applies to traditional Chinese medicine.
Journal Article
Circ_0057558 promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating ROCK1/AMPK signaling through targeting miR-206
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders that is featured by the extensive deposition of fat in the hepatocytes. Current treatments are very limited due to its unclear pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the function of circ_0057558 and miR-206 in NAFLD. High-fat diet (HFD) feeding mouse was used as an in vivo NAFLD model and long-chain-free fatty acid (FFA)-treated liver cells were used as an in vitro NAFLD model. qRT-PCR was used to measure levels of miR-206, ROCK1 mRNA, and circ_0057558, while Western blotting was employed to determine protein levels of ROCK1, p-AMPK, AMPK, and lipogenesis-related proteins. Immunohistochemistry were performed to examine ROCK1 level. Oil-Red O staining was used to assess the lipid deposition in cells. ELISA was performed to examine secreted triglyceride (TG) level. Dual-luciferase assay was used to validate interactions of miR-206/ROCK1 and circ_0057558/miR-206. RNA immunoprecipitation was employed to confirm the binding of circ_0057558 with miR-206. Circ_0057558 was elevated while miR-206 was reduced in both in vivo and in vitro NAFLD models. miR-206 directly bound with ROCK1 3’-UTR and suppressed lipogenesis and TG secretion through targeting ROCK1/AMPK signaling. Circ_0057558 directly interacted with miR-206 to disinhibit ROCK1/AMPK signaling. Knockdown of circ_0057558 or overexpression of miR-206 inhibited lipogenesis, TG secretion and expression of lipogenesis-related proteins. ROCK1 knockdown reversed the effects of circ_0057558 overexpression. Injection of miR-206 mimics significantly ameliorated NAFLD progression in vivo. Circ_0057558 acts as a miR-206 sponge to de-repress the ROCK1/AMPK signaling and facilitates lipogenesis and TG secretion, which greatly contributes to NAFLD development and progression.
Journal Article
Effect of optional biometric parameters in the Kane formula on intraocular lens power calculation
To investigate the effect of the optional biometric parameters lens thickness (LT) and center corneal thickness (CCT) in the Kane formula on intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation. A cross-sectional study included consecutive cataract patients who received uncomplicated cataract surgery with IOL implantation from May to September 2022 were enrolled. The ocular biometric parameters were obtained using IOLMaster 700 and then inputted into online Kane formula calculator. The IOL power was calculated for targeting emmetropia and compared between groups: not omitting (NO) group, omitting LT and CCT (OLC) group, omitting LT (OL) group and omitting CCT (OC) group. Further, according to the axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and mean keratometry (K.sub.m ), the eyes were divided into three subgroups, respectively. 1005 eyes of 1005 consecutive patients were included. There was no significant difference in IOL power between NO group and OC group (P = 0.064), and the median absolute difference (MedAD) was 0.05D. The IOL power in NO group showed significant differences from OLC group and OL group respectively (P < 0.001), and both MedAD values were 0.18D. Among AL subgroups, MedAD ranged from 0.06D to 0.35D in short eyes. Among ACD subgroups, the above values ranged from 0.06D to 0.23D in shallow ACD subgroup. Among K.sub.m subgroups, these values ranged from 0.05D to 0.31D in steep K.sub.m subgroup. The optional biometric parameter CCT has no effect on the calculation results of the Kane formula, whereas the parameter LT has a great influence on the Kane formula results for the IOL power calculation in cataract patients with short AL, shallow ACD and steep K.sub.m.
Journal Article
Astragaloside IV: An Effective Drug for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the number one cause of death worldwide, has always been the focus of clinical and scientific research. Due to the high number of deaths each year, it is essential to find alternative therapies that are safe and effective with minimal side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of significant impact on the treatment of CVDs. The mode of action of natural active ingredients of drugs and the development of new drugs are currently hot topics in research on TCM.
is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb. Previous studies have shown that
has anti-tumor properties and can regulate metabolism, enhance immunity, and strengthen the heart. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the active ingredient of
, which has a prominent role in cardiovascular diseases. AS-IV can protect against ischemic and hypoxic myocardial cell injury, inhibit myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, enhance myocardial contractility, improve diastolic dysfunction, alleviate vascular endothelial dysfunction, and promote angiogenesis. It can also regulate blood glucose and blood lipid levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, the mechanism of AS-IV intervention in cardiovascular diseases in recent years is reviewed in order to provide a reference for future research and new drug development.
Journal Article
NF-κB pathways are involved in M1 polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophage by polyporus polysaccharide in the tumor microenvironment
Bladder cancer is one of the most malignant tumors closely associated with macrophages. Polyporus polysaccharide (PPS) has shown excellent efficacy in treating bladder cancer with minimal side effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PPS in inhibiting bladder cancer remain unclear. In this study, we used macrophages cultured alone or with T24 human bladder cancer cell culture supernatant as study models. We found that PPS enhanced the activities of IFN-γ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, as shown by the release of inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, phagocytosis activity, as well as expression of M1 phenotype indicators, such as CD40, CD284 and CD86. PPS acted upstream in activation cascade of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways by interfering with IκB phosphorylation. In addition, PPS regulated NF-κB (P65) signaling by interfering with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, INOS and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Our results indicate that PPS activates macrophages through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Journal Article
Follicle-stimulating hormone signaling in Sertoli cells: a licence to the early stages of spermatogenesis
Follicle-stimulating hormone signaling is essential for the initiation and early stages of spermatogenesis. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor is exclusively expressed in Sertoli cells. As the only type of somatic cell in the seminiferous tubule, Sertoli cells regulate spermatogenesis not only by controlling their own number and function but also through paracrine actions to nourish germ cells surrounded by Sertoli cells. After follicle-stimulating hormone binds to its receptor and activates the follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway, follicle-stimulating hormone signaling will establish a normal Sertoli cell number and promote their differentiation. Spermatogonia pool maintenance, spermatogonia differentiation and their entry into meiosis are also positively regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone signaling. In addition, follicle-stimulating hormone signaling regulates germ cell survival and limits their apoptosis. Our review summarizes the aforementioned functions of follicle-stimulating hormone signaling in Sertoli cells. We also describe the clinical potential of follicle-stimulating hormone treatment in male patients with infertility. Furthermore, our review may be helpful for developing better therapies for treating patients with dysfunctional follicle-stimulating hormone signaling in Sertoli cells.
Journal Article
Prevalence of non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies and age-related changes in binocular vision among middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review
Background
With the global aging population, binocular vision anomalies in middle-aged and older adults have gained increasing attention. Non-Strabismic Binocular Vision Anomalies (NSBVAs) are particularly prevalent in this population, yet clinical research remains insufficient. To bridge this gap, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate NSBVAs prevalence and subtypes in middle-aged and older adults and analyze age-related changes in binocular vision. The aim was to clarify how aging affects binocular function and inform clinical management.
Methods
Studies were identified using PubMed, Web of Science and existing reviews, with the search strategy incorporating terms related to binocular vision alterations in middle-aged and older adults (40 years and older). Cross-sectional studies and observational cohort studies investigating binocular vision alterations in this population were included. The study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement guidelines. Two independent researchers carried out all study procedures, including literature search, quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Quality Appraisal Scale, and blinded study selection and data extraction. The main outcomes and measures were the measurement parameters of binocular vision function and the prevalence rates of NSBVAs in middle-aged and older adults.
Results
Among the eight studies included in this review, all examined binocular vision measures in middle-aged and older adults. Age demonstrates a significant influence on these measures. However, data regarding the prevalence of binocular vision anomalies within this population remain limited. Specifically, only four studies reported the prevalence of specific diagnosed conditions, while an additional two studies documented the prevalence of abnormal binocular vision test results that did not correspond to defined diagnostic criteria. All eight studies were assessed as being of moderate to high methodological quality.
Conclusion
The existing literature indicates that age significantly influences binocular vision function, with NSBVAs being particularly prevalent among middle-aged and older adults. However, prior studies predominantly focus on the prevalence of abnormal individual test results in this group, while limited data are available regarding actual diagnostic conditions. Establishing normative reference values for binocular vision parameters is therefore essential to determine a more accurate prevalence rate of NSBVAs in this population.
Journal Article