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"Tan, Sheng"
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Weak Hopf tube algebra for domain walls between 2d gapped phases of Turaev-Viro TQFTs
A
bstract
We investigate domain walls between 2
d
gapped phases of Turaev-Viro type topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) by constructing domain wall tube algebras. We begin by analyzing the domain wall tube algebra associated with bimodule categories, and then extend the construction to multimodule categories over
N
base fusion categories. We prove that the resulting tube algebra is naturally equipped with a
C
∗
weak Hopf algebra structure. We show that topological excitations localized on domain walls are classified by representations of the corresponding domain wall tube algebra, in the sense that the functor category of bimodules admits a fusion-preserving embedding into the representation category of the domain wall tube algebra. We further establish the folding trick and Morita theory in this context. Then, most crucially, we provide a rigorous construction of the Drinfeld quantum double from weak Hopf boundary tube algebras using a skew-pairing, and establish an isomorphism between domain wall tube algebra and Drinfeld quantum double of boundary tube algebras. Motivated by the correspondence between the domain wall tube algebra and the quantum double of the boundary tube algebras, we introduce the notion of an
N
-tuple algebra and demonstrate how it arises in the multimodule domain wall setting. Finally, we consider defects between two domain walls, showing that such defects can be characterized by representations of a domain wall defect tube algebra. We briefly outline how these defects can be systematically treated within this representation-theoretic framework.
Journal Article
Weak Hopf symmetry and tube algebra of the generalized multifusion string-net model
A
bstract
We investigate the multifusion generalization of string-net ground states and lattice Hamiltonians, delving into their associated weak Hopf symmetries. For the multifusion string-net, the gauge symmetry manifests as a general weak Hopf algebra, leading to a reducible vacuum string label; the charge symmetry, serving as a quantum double of gauge symmetry, constitutes a connected weak Hopf algebra. This implies that the associated topological phase retains its characterization by a unitary modular tensor category (UMTC). The bulk charge symmetry can also be captured by a weak Hopf tube algebra. We offer an explicit construction of the weak Hopf tube algebra structure and thoroughly discuss its properties. The gapped boundary and domain wall models are extensively discussed, with these 1
d
phases characterized by unitary multifusion categories (UMFCs). We delve into the gauge and charge symmetries of these 1
d
phases, as well as the construction of the boundary and domain wall tube algebras. Additionally, we illustrate that the domain wall tube algebra can be regarded as a cross product of two boundary tube algebras. As an application of our model, we elucidate how to interpret the defective string-net as a restricted multifusion string-net.
Journal Article
Boundary and domain wall theories of 2d generalized quantum double model
A
bstract
The generalized quantum double lattice realization of 2
d
topological orders based on Hopf algebras is discussed in this work. Both left-module and right-module constructions are investigated. The ribbon operators and the classification of topological excitations based on the representations of the quantum double of Hopf algebras are discussed. To generalize the model to a 2
d
surface with boundaries and surface defects, we present a systematic construction of the boundary Hamiltonian and domain wall Hamiltonian. The algebraic data behind the gapped boundary and domain wall are comodule algebras and bicomodule algebras. The topological excitations in the boundary and domain wall are classified by bimodules over these algebras. The ribbon operator realization of boundary-bulk duality is also discussed. Finally, via the Hopf tensor network representation of the quantum many-body states, we solve the ground state of the model in the presence of the boundary and domain wall.
Journal Article
Seeking natural capital projects
Natural capital will be depleted rapidly and excessively if the long-term, offsite impacts of depletion are ignored. By examining the case of tropical forest burning, we illustrate such myopia: Pursuit of short-term economic gains results in air pollution that causes long-term, irreversible health impacts. We integrate longitudinal data on prenatal exposure to the 1997 Indonesian forest fires with child nutritional outcomes and find that mean exposure to air pollution during the prenatal stage is associated with a half-SD decrease in height-for-age z score at age 17, which is robust to several statistical checks. Because adult height is associated with income, this implies a loss of 4% of average monthly wages for approximately one million Indonesian workers born during this period. To put these human capital losses in the context of policy making, we conduct social cost–benefit analyses of oil palm plantations under different scenarios for clearing land and controlling fires. We find that clearing for oil palm plantations using mechanical methods generates higher social net benefits compared with clearing using fires. Oil palm producers, however, would be unwilling to bear the higher private costs of mechanical clearing. Therefore, we need more effective fire bans, fire suppression, and moratoriums on oil palm in Indonesia to protect natural and human capital, and increase social welfare.
Journal Article
Valuing Air Quality in Indonesia Using Households’ Locational Choices
Air quality is already at unprecedented levels in many developing countries and is projected to worsen up until 2050. At the same time, despite the known adverse impacts of air pollution, questions remain of willingness-to-pay for cleaner air as existing studies are scarce and have several endogeneity concerns. To address this knowledge gap, I apply a locational equilibrium model to data from Indonesia. This model exploits migration patterns induced by spatial variation in air quality, wages, and cost-of-living to value air quality. I control for (a) migration distance and religious preferences, and (b) endogeneity of air pollution using a wind- and distance-based fire hotspots instrument. My estimates of MWTP of \\[ PM_2.5\\] are higher than results from hedonic property models. I also consider heterogeneous MWTP and show that households with children and higher education level have larger valuation for clean air. In sum, this paper demonstrates a potentially novel and rigorous tool to value air quality improvements in developing countries and is an important first step to help policymakers evaluate policies to contain this growing problem.
Journal Article
Garcinol inhibits esophageal cancer metastasis by suppressing the p300 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways
Metastasis causes the main lethality in esophageal cancer patient. Garcinol, a natural compound extracted from
Gambogic genera
, is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor that has shown anticancer activities such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. In this study, we investigated the effects of garcinol on the metastasis of esophageal cancer in vitro and in vivo. We found that garcinol (5–15 μM) dose-dependently inhibited the migration and invasion of human esophageal cancer cell lines KYSE150 and KYSE450 in wound healing, transwell migration, and Matrigel invasion assays. Furthermore, garcinol treatment dose-dependently decreased the protein levels of p300/CBP (transcriptional cofactors and HATs) and p-Smad2/3 expression in the nucleus, thus impeding tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Knockdown of p300 could inhibit cell metastasis, but CBP knockdown did not affect the cell mobility. It has been reported that TGF-β1 stimulated the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, which directly interact with p300/CBP in the nucleus, and upregulating HAT activity of p300. We showed that garcinol treatment dose-dependently suppressed TGF-β1-activated Smad and non-Smad pathway, inhibiting esophageal cancer cell metastasis. In a tail vein injection pulmonary metastasis mouse model, intraperitoneal administration of garcinol (20 mg/kg) or 5-FU (20 mg/kg) significantly decreased the number of lung tumor nodules and the expression levels of Ki-67, p300, and p-Smad2/3 in lung tissues. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that garcinol inhibits esophageal cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo, which might be related to the suppression of p300 and TGF-β1 signaling pathways, suggesting the therapeutic potential of Garcinol for metastatic tumors.
Journal Article
Unequal gains from remote work during COVID-19 between spouses: Evidence from longitudinal data in Singapore
The COVID-19 outbreak and the rise of remote work may have generated distinct labor market outcomes for workers, depending on their occupation and adaptability to changes in the mode of work. Using panel data of married spouses around the time of the government-mandated lockdown in Singapore and difference-in-differences models, we examine the effects of remote work arrangements on salary income, work hours, and wages. We find that the benefits of remote work during the pandemic were not distributed evenly across male and female spouses—translating into longer and significant gains in salary income only for male workers who adopted full remote work arrangements. In contrast, female remote workers’ income gains were limited by disproportionately heavier household responsibilities (i.e., chores), which in turn led to constrained work hours.
Journal Article
HarmGR13 mediates myo-inositol taste perception in Helicoverpa armigera larvae
Myo-inositol, a sugar alcohol produced by most plants, serves as a nutrient and feeding stimulant for many phytophagous insects. Inositol-sensitive taste sensilla have been characterized in many Lepidoptera larvae, but their molecular bases remain unclear. In this study, we determined the gustatory receptors (GRs) for myo-inositol in larva of Helicoverpa armigera , a worldwide crop pest. First, electrophysiological analyses revealed that medial sensilla styloconica strongly responded to myo-inositol and ribose, with weaker responses to xylose, and one GRN inside sensillum may mediate the response to these three chemicals. Based on phylogenetic analysis of sugar GRs of Lepidoptera insects and previous results on Bombyx mori , we then selected two candidate GRs, HarmGR13 and HarmGR11. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generated knockout mutants for the two GR genes. Knocking out HarmGR13 abolished the responses of the sensilla to myo-inositol, ribose, and xylose, while knocking out HarmGR11 showed no changes. Behavioral assays confirmed that larvae of HarmGR13 homozygous mutant lost the feeding preference to myo-inositol which the wild-type larvae had. Further functional analysis with Xenopus oocytes expressing system and two-electrode voltage-clamping demonstrated that myo-inositol and ribose specifically induced concentration-dependent currents in HarmGR13-expressing oocytes. Structural predictions and molecular docking of HarmGR13 revealed three amino acid residues might be involved in ligand binding. Mutation of these residues resulted in loss of oocyte responses to myo-inositol and ribose. We reveal that HarmGR13 is a receptor that mediates the activity of the cells sensitive to inositol and ribose in larvae, providing new molecular targets for the strategy of regulating the feeding behavior of pests by modifying taste.
Journal Article
Tariff familiarity sustains household water conservation
Due to rapid urbanization and income growth, residential water consumption worldwide is increasing much faster than in other sectors. This exponential growth in demand threatens freshwater resources, and policymakers across the globe are attempting to curb usage by redesigning tariff structures and implementing price hikes. Using a unique seven-year dataset of daily household water usage from multiple counties in China, we show that tariff reforms that simultaneously change both structure and price yield only short-lived conservation effects, as usage rebounds within months. Instead, our empirical results confirm that staggered tariff reforms—introducing price hikes only after households have adapted to a new structure—can reduce water consumption. Policy simulations suggest that a staggered reform approach could achieve an additional 4-percentage-point reduction in water usage. These findings provide new evidence on how tariff design shapes consumption behaviour and offer actionable, evidence-based insights for policymakers seeking to design effective, equitable, and sustainable water management strategies.
Water tariff reforms are most effective when price increases build on familiar designs. Staggered and well-communicated reforms can cut household water use by an additional four percentage points.
Journal Article