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"Tan, Yan"
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Datura Metel L. Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis and Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokines Production through TLR7/8–MyD88–NF-κB–NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway
Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, and the inflammatory response plays an important role in its development and progression. Datura metel L. is a traditional Chinese medicine that exhibited a significant therapeutic effect on psoriasis in our previous study due to its remarkable anti-inflammatory effect. Meanwhile, the mechanism underlying its effects on psoriasis is still unclear. Methods: An imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis mouse model was constructed to evaluate the protective effect of the effective part of Datura metel L. (EPD), which was verified by evaluations of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot were used to measure the inflammatory cytokines and the protein expression associated with the Toll-like receptor 7– myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88–nuclear Factor-κB–nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (Nod)-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (TLR7/8–MyD88–NF-κB–NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. Results: EPD significantly decreased the PASI, reduced epidermal thickness, and decreased the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells in psoriasis-like dermatitis C57BL/6 mice induced by imiquimod (IMQ). Furthermore, EPD reduced the infiltration of CD3+ cells to psoriatic lesions, as well as ameliorated the elevations of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and inhibited the production of imiquimod-induced inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Besides, EPD decreased the imiquimod-induced expression levels of TLR7, TLR8, TRAF6, MyD88, p-IKKα, p-IKBα, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein contained a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (caspase-1), and IL-1β. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that EPD exhibited a protective effect on an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice model by inhibiting the inflammatory response, which might be ascribed to the inhibition of the TLR7/8–MyD88–NF-κb–NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
Journal Article
Prevalence of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BackgroundFreezing of gait (FOG) is considered one of the most disturbing and least understood symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The reported prevalence rates of FOG in PD vary widely, ranging from 5 to 85.9%.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a reliable estimate of the average point prevalence of FOG in PD, and we further investigated the study characteristics that might have influenced the estimate.MethodsWe searched different databases to identify studies that report the prevalence of FOG in PD or include relevant raw data for further calculation. The last inclusion date was February 20, 2020. The modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool was used for the quality assessment, and articles that met the predefined criteria were included in the quantitative analysis.ResultsSixty-six studies were selected from 3392 references. A weighted prevalence of 50.6% in 9072 PD patients experienced FOG based on the special questionnaires (the FOG-Q and NFOG-Q), which was about twice as high as that assessed by the specific items of the clinical rating scales (UPDRS item2.14 and MDS-UPDRS item3.11) (23.2%) or simple clinical questions (25.4%). The weighted prevalence was 37.9% for early stage (≤ 5 years) and 64.6% for advanced stage (≥ 9 years). Moreover, a higher prevalence was calculated from the population-based studies than that in multicenter and single-center studies (47.3% vs. 33.5% and 37.1%, respectively).ConclusionThe result from this systematic review confirms that FOG is very common in PD and its prevalence is usually underestimated in hospital settings. Importantly, a more accurate assessment of FOG in future clinical researches would involve the use of special FOG scale rather than a single item on a scale or a general clinical inquiry.
Journal Article
Temperature-feedback upconversion nanocomposite for accurate photothermal therapy at facile temperature
Photothermal therapy (PTT) at present, following the temperature definition for conventional thermal therapy, usually keeps the temperature of lesions at 42–45 °C or even higher. Such high temperature kills cancer cells but also increases the damage of normal tissues near lesions through heat conduction and thus brings about more side effects and inhibits therapeutic accuracy. Here we use temperature-feedback upconversion nanoparticle combined with photothermal material for real-time monitoring of microscopic temperature in PTT. We observe that microscopic temperature of photothermal material upon illumination is high enough to kill cancer cells when the temperature of lesions is still low enough to prevent damage to normal tissue. On the basis of the above phenomenon, we further realize high spatial resolution photothermal ablation of labelled tumour with minimal damage to normal tissues
in vivo
. Our work points to a method for investigating photothermal properties at nanoscale, and for the development of new generation of PTT strategy.
In photothermal therapy for cancer treatment, hyperthermic effects can damage healthy tissues and inhibit therapeutic efficacy. Here, the authors use core-shell lanthanide-based nanoparticles to monitor microscopic temperatures and to ablate cancer tissue at low temperatures.
Journal Article
Resolution of Brassicaceae Phylogeny Using Nuclear Genes Uncovers Nested Radiations and Supports Convergent Morphological Evolution
Brassicaceae is one of the most diverse and economically valuable angiosperm families with widely cultivated vegetable crops and scientifically important model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana. The evolutionary history, ecological, morphological, and genetic diversity, and abundant resources and knowledge of Brassicaceae make it an excellent model family for evolutionary studies. Recent phylogenetic analyses of the family revealed three major lineages (I, II, and III), but relationships among and within these lineages remain largely unclear. Here, we present a highly supported phylogeny with six major clades using nuclear markers from newly sequenced transcriptomes of 32 Brassicaceae species and large data sets from additional taxa for a total of 55 species spanning 29 out of 51 tribes. Clade A consisting of Lineage I and Macropodium nivale is sister to combined Clade B (with Lineage II and others) and a new Clade C. The ABC clade is sister to Clade D with species previously weakly associated with Lineage II and Clade E (Lineage III) is sister to the ABCD clade. Clade F (the tribe Aethionemeae) is sister to the remainder of the entire family. Molecular clock estimation reveals an early radiation of major clades near or shortly after the Eocene–Oligocene boundary and subsequent nested divergences of several tribes of the previously polytomous Expanded Lineage II. Reconstruction of ancestral morphological states during the Brassicaceae evolution indicates prevalent parallel (convergent) evolution of several traits over deep times across the entire family. These results form a foundation for future evolutionary analyses of structures and functions across Brassicaceae.
Journal Article
Cobalt-catalyzed hydrothiolation of alkynes for the diverse synthesis of branched alkenyl sulfides
Alkenyl sulfides have gained increasing prominence in medicinal chemistry and materials. Hydrothiolation of alkynes for the diverse synthesis of alkenyl sulfides is an appealing method. Herein, we report a cobalt-catalyzed Markovnikov hydromethylthiolation of alkynes to afford branched alkenyl methylsulfanes with good yields and high regioselectivity. This method also enables the diverse synthesis of branched alkenyl sulfides. The reaction shows good functional group tolerance and could be scaled up. The mechanistic studies including control experiments, deuterium-labeling experiments, and Hammett plot indicated alkynes insertion followed by electrophilic thiolation pathway.
Branched alkenyl sulfides are useful moieties in synthesis and materials. Here, the authors disclose a hydromethylthiolation of alkynes via cobalt hydride catalysis, resulting in Markovnikov regioselectivity, proceeding via electrophilic thiolation.
Journal Article
Comparative Study of Random Forest and Support Vector Machine for Land Cover Classification and Post-Wildfire Change Detection
The land use land cover (LULC) map is extensively employed for different purposes. Machine learning (ML) algorithms applied in remote sensing (RS) data have been proven effective in image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. Previous studies have shown that random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) consistently achieve high accuracy for land classification. Considering the important role of Portugal’s Serra da Estrela Natural Park (PNSE) in biodiversity and nature conversation at an international scale, the availability of timely data on the PNSE for emergency evaluation and periodic assessment is crucial. In this study, the application of RF and SVM classifiers, and object-based (OBIA) and pixel-based (PBIA) approaches, with Sentinel-2A imagery was evaluated using Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for the land cover classification of a burnt area in the PNSE. This aimed to detect the land cover change and closely observe the burnt area and vegetation recovery after the 2022 wildfire. The combination of RF and OBIA achieved the highest accuracy in all evaluation metrics. At the same time, a comparison with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) map and Conjunctural Land Occupation Map (COSc) of 2023 year indicated that the SVM and PBIA map resembled the maps better.
Journal Article
Metagenomic analysis reveals unexplored diversity of archaeal virome in the human gut
The human gut microbiome has been extensively explored, while the archaeal viruses remain largely unknown. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the archaeal viruses from the human gut metagenomes and the existing virus collections using the CRISPR spacer and viral signature-based approach. This results in 1279 viral species, of which, 95.2% infect Methanobrevibacteria_A
,
56.5% shared high identity (>95%) with the archaeal proviruses, 37.2% have a host range across archaeal species, and 55.7% are highly prevalent in the human population (>1%). A methanogenic archaeal virus-specific gene for pseudomurein endoisopeptidase (PeiW) frequently occurs in the viral sequences (
n
= 150). Analysis of 33
Caudoviricetes
viruses with a complete genome often discovers the genes (
integrase
,
n
= 29;
mazE
,
n
= 10) regulating the viral lysogenic-lytic cycle, implying the dominance of temperate viruses in the archaeal virome. Together, our work uncovers the unexplored diversity of archaeal viruses, revealing the novel facet of the human gut microbiome.
Human gut archaeal viruses remain largely unknown. Here the authors present a bioinformatic pipeline to identify viruses of human gut archaea, revealing diversity of archaeal viruses, their hosts and their functional gene repertoire in the human gut.
Journal Article
An investigation of financial openness, trade openness, gross capital formation, urbanization, financial development, education and energy nexus in BRI: Evidence from the symmetric and asymmetric framework
Clean energy development can bring numerous benefits, such as decreased greenhouse gas emissions, improved air quality, and increased job opportunities in the green industry. These advantages can be achieved through the collaborative efforts of all stakeholders involved. Ultimately, adopting clean energy can lead to a healthier planet and economy. Energy availability and scarcity influence the aggregated economy. The present study explores the interrelationships between financial openness, trade openness, gross capital formation, urbanization, financial development, education, and energy within the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) nations. A panel of 56 nations has considered empirical investigation for 2002–2020. The coefficients extracted from CS-ARDL revealed a catalyst role of openness in the energy mix, especially the inclusion of clean energy both in the long run and short. The asymmetric evaluation revealed that positive negative shocks in openness lead to a positive association with energy consumption. Moreover, the asymmetric association was also exposed through the execution of a standard Wald test. The study findings show that FO, TO, and GCF are critical in energy sustainability in BRI nations. It implies that clean energy inclusion in the energy mix might be amplified, and energy sustainability may be ensured. The energy transition of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) nations is significantly affected by financial, trade, and domestic capital adequacy. The success of sustainable energy policies is determined by several factors, which play a crucial role in countries participating in BRI projects; the findings provide insight into the complex interdependencies among the variables above and their effects on the energy dynamics within the BRI region. Furthermore, the research findings hold considerable significance for policymakers as they offer valuable insights into the possible synergies and trade-offs among these factors that can facilitate sustainable energy transitions in the BRI economies.
Journal Article
Imaging Techniques for the Study of Protein Condensates and Filaments and Their Applications
Protein condensates and filaments are both intracellular structures characterized by their ability to facilitate specific biological functions. Their formation is primarily driven by phase separation, which can be elucidated by fluorescence microscopy or electron microscopy. Here we summarize the main studies on protein condensates and filaments organized according to the techniques used, including fluorescence methods like localization screening, fluorescence co-localization spectroscopy, methods based on photobleaching, super-resolution imaging, and electron methods including negative-stain electron microscopy and cryo-EM. We also discuss correlative light/electron microscopy (CLEM), which integrates fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy to provide complementary insights. Collectively, these methods offer temporal and spatial insights into investigating the phase separation of protein condensates and filaments, and promote the discovery of unexplored structures and their yet-to-be-characterized biological roles.
Journal Article